RESUMO
Objetivo: valorar la evolución de la herida quirúrgica en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia total de rodilla en los que se utilizaron cuatro tipos de apósitos distintos.Método: estudio observacional a pacientes quirúrgicos de artroplastia de rodilla de la Unidad de Cirugía Ortopédica de Rodilla del Hospital Clínic (Barcelona). El primer día postcirugía, la enfermera curaba la herida quirúrgica (HQ) y colocaba un apósito, de los cuatro usados para el estudio. Los apósitos se distribuyeron en grupos de pacientes de 25. Se valoró el tiempo de permanencia del apósito, aparición de complicaciones (flictena, dehiscencia, exudado), confort por parte del paciente y facilidad en la colocación por parte de la enfermera. Las medidas de evaluación se tomaron a los siete días postcirugía en el momento de la cura en consultas externas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, con frecuencias, media y desviación estándar (DE).Resultados: se reclutaron 100 pacientes. El tiempo medio (DE) de permanencia fue superior en el Apósito 1 6,34 (1,56). Las complicaciones de HQ fueron menores en Apósito 4 (1 flictena, ninguna dehiscencia). El exudado moderado/abundante de HQ fue menor en Apósitos 1 y 4 (16% en ambos casos). La enfermera valoró facilidad en la colocación del Apósito 1, 2 y 4, en el 100% de pacientes. Los pacientes con mayor confort fueron los del grupo Apósito 1 (96%), aportando peor valoración los sujetos del grupo Apósito 4 (76%).Conclusiones: los apósitos 1 y 4 han mostrado un número mayor de ítems favorables (tiempo permanencia, facilidad colocación, menos complicaciones), con especial relevancia desde el punto de vista de la comodidad del paciente, superior en el Apósito 1 respecto al Apósito 4.(AU)
Objective: to assess the evolution of surgical wounds in patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery, using four different types of wound dressing.Method: an observational study on surgical patients with total knee replacement, from the Knee Orthopedic Surgery Unit of the Hospital Clínic (Barcelona). The first day after the procedure, the nurse treated the surgical wound (SW) and applied one dressing of the four used for the study. Each wound dressing was allocated to a 25-patient group. There was an assessment of time of permanence of the dressing, development of complications (phlyctena, dehiscence, exudate), comfort for the patient, and ease of application for the nurse. Evaluation measures were taken at seven days after the procedure, at the time of treatment in the outpatient unit. There was descriptive analysis, with frequencies, mean, and standard deviation (SD).Results: one hundred (100) patients were recruited. The mean time (SD) of permanence was higher for dressing 1: 6.34 (1.56). Surgical wound complications were lower with dressing 4 (1 phlyctena, no dehiscence). SW moderate/heavy exudate was lower with dressings 1 and 4 (16% in both cases). The nurse valued the ease of application for dressings 1, 2 and 4, in 100% of patients. The patients in the dressing 1 group reported higher comfort (96%), while the worse assessment was made by the subjects in the dressing 4 group (76%).Conclusions: wound dressings 1 and 4 have shown a higher number of favorable items (time of permanence, ease of application, lower number of complications), with special relevance from the point of view of patient comfort, superior with dressing 1 vs. dressing 4.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Artroplastia do Joelho , Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Ferida Cirúrgica , Curativos Oclusivos , Infecção dos Ferimentos , Enfermagem , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgery consisting on the artificial joint replacement, due to a traumatic injury or a degenerative process or arthrosis. This surgery causes an important pain to patients, and sometimes affects negatively on their recovery. The choice of the prostheses will depend on the anatomical features of the patient and the surgeon criterion. The concept of a "rapid recovery surgery" was introduced in 1997 by Khelet and meant the beginning of the Fast Track model or the Rapid Recovery (RR) linked to an accelerated rehabilitation, an early discharge and the optimization of all the aspects of pre, intra and post-operative patient experience. Fast recovery is a surgical process which aims to achieve maximum autonomy of the patient through education, pain control and early mobilization. The key of the rapid recovery is to get the involvement of the patient thanks to the empowerment, which means a preoperative patient education that will help to reduce anxiety and it will make easier to engage in their own recovery. Furthermore the patient will take part of an effective post-operative physical therapy, using all the necessary tools to increase their ability to manage their own health problems. The empowerment of these patients is part of the Nursing Model in the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (HCB), adopted by the Nursing Management in December of 2012. In Catalonia, until the start of the RR surgery, 14,132 interventions in 2008 where done by TKA conventional surgery, needing subsequent conventional hospitalization. This article describes the care and outcomes of nurse interventions, defined in the RR of TKA clinical way, which is focused on the pain's minimization and the impact on patients' mobilization. It was performed in a monographic unit from a tertiary-level hospital in Barcelona in 2013.
Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/enfermagem , Artroplastia do Joelho/reabilitação , Manejo da Dor/enfermagem , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
La artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) es una cirugía consistente en la sustitución artificial de la articulación, debido a una lesión traumática o bien a un proceso degenerativo o de artrosis, con un dolor importante asociado que en ocasiones afecta de forma negativa a la recuperación del paciente. La elección de la prótesis dependerá de las características anatómicas del paciente y del criterio del cirujano. El concepto de «cirugía de recuperación rápida» fue introducido en 1997 por Khelet y significó el inicio del modelo Fast Track o de Rapid Recovery (RR), ligado a una rehabilitación acelerada, un alta precoz y la optimización de todos los aspectos de la experiencia del paciente pre, intra y posoperatoria. La recuperación rápida es un proceso quirúrgico que pretende conseguir la máxima autonomía del paciente mediante la educación, el control del dolor y la movilización precoz. El instrumento fundamental para la recuperación rápida es conseguir la implicación del paciente mediante el empoderamiento, es decir, por medio de la educación preoperatoria del paciente, que contribuirá a reducir la ansiedad y facilitará que se involucre en su propia recuperación. Así, será partícipe de una terapia física posoperatoria eficaz, utilizando todas aquellas herramientas necesarias para aumentar su capacidad de gestionar los problemas de salud. El empoderamiento del paciente forma parte del modelo de enfermería del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (HCB) adoptado por la Dirección de Enfermería en diciembre del año 2012. La cirugía convencional de ATR en Cataluña hasta el inicio de la cirugía RR ocasionó 14 132 intervenciones en el año 2008, con hospitalización convencional posterior. Este artículo describe los cuidados y los resultados de las intervenciones enfermeras, definidas en la vía clínica RR de ATR dirigidas a la minimización del dolor, y las repercusiones sobre la movilización de los pacientes. Se efectuó en una unidad monográfica de un hospital terciario de Barcelona en el año 2013 (AU)
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgery consisting on the artificial joint replacement, due to a traumatic injury or a degenerative process or arthrosis. This surgery causes an important pain to patients, and sometimes affects negatively on their recovery. The choice of the prostheses will depend on the anatomical features of the patient and the surgeon criterion. The concept of «rapid recovery surgery» was introduced in 1997 by Khelet and meant the beginning of the Fast Track model or the Rapid Recovery (RR) linked to an accelerated rehabilitation, an early discharge and the optimization of all the aspects of pre, intra and post-operative patient experience. Fast recovery is a surgical process which aims to achieve maximum autonomy of the patient through education, pain control and early mobilization. The key of the rapid recovery is to get the involvement of the patient thanks to the empowerment, which means a preoperative patient education that will help to reduce anxiety and it will make easier to engage in their own recovery. Furthermore the patient will take part of an effective post-operative physical therapy, using all the necessary tools to increase their ability to manage their own health problems. The empowerment of these patients is part of the Nursing Model in the Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (HCB), adopted by the Nursing Management in December of 2012. In Catalonia, until the start of the RR surgery, 14 132 interventions in 2008 where done by TKA conventional surgery, needing subsequent conventional hospitalization. This article describes the care and outcomes of nurse interventions, defined in the RR of TKA clinical way, which is focused on the pains minimization and the impact on patients mobilization. It was performed in a monographic unit from a tertiary-level hospital in Barcelona in 2013 (AU)
