RESUMO
Coffee leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix is the most damaging disease to coffee worldwide. The pathogen has recently appeared in multiple outbreaks in coffee producing countries resulting in significant yield losses and increases in costs related to its control. New races/isolates are constantly emerging as evidenced by the presence of the fungus in plants that were previously resistant. Genomic studies are opening new avenues for the study of the evolution of pathogens, the detailed description of plant-pathogen interactions and the development of molecular techniques for the identification of individual isolates. For this purpose we sequenced 8 different H. vastatrix isolates using NGS technologies and gathered partial genome assemblies due to the large repetitive content in the coffee rust hybrid genome; 74.4% of the assembled contigs harbor repetitive sequences. A hybrid assembly of 333 Mb was built based on the 8 isolates; this assembly was used for subsequent analyses. Analysis of the conserved gene space showed that the hybrid H. vastatrix genome, though highly fragmented, had a satisfactory level of completion with 91.94% of core protein-coding orthologous genes present. RNA-Seq from urediniospores was used to guide the de novo annotation of the H. vastatrix gene complement. In total, 14,445 genes organized in 3921 families were uncovered; a considerable proportion of the predicted proteins (73.8%) were homologous to other Pucciniales species genomes. Several gene families related to the fungal lifestyle were identified, particularly 483 predicted secreted proteins that represent candidate effector genes and will provide interesting hints to decipher virulence in the coffee rust fungus. The genome sequence of Hva will serve as a template to understand the molecular mechanisms used by this fungus to attack the coffee plant, to study the diversity of this species and for the development of molecular markers to distinguish races/isolates.
RESUMO
El siguiente artículo es fruto de una investigación realizada en dos entidades Promotoras Salud (EPS) de la ciudad de Medellín con el fin de arrojar luces sobre un preocupante fenómeno en los programas de promoción y prevención en salud, como es la falta de adhesión a ellos por parte de algunos pacientes, los cuales se resisten a desligarse de los denominados factores de riesgo, así como a implementar hábitos de vida saludables. Guiados por una escucha psicoanalítica, se propone evidenciar cómo este fenómeno puede estar relacionado con la historia particular de cada paciente con dichos factores de riesgo, así como con la forma en que cada uno se representa la enfermedad.
we present the results of an investigation carried out in Medellín, Colombia, from a psychoanalytic perspective, about the reasons for non-adhesion of some individuals to programs of disease prevention and health promotion. We propose that this phenomenon may be related to the particular experience of each individual with risk factors as well as with the representation that he/she may have of disease.
