RESUMO
The zinc metalloenzyme beta-lactamase II (betaLII) from Bacillus cereus has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase, and the metal binding properties of recombinant betaLII toward Zn(II) and Co(II) have been studied by fluorescence and activity measurements. The apoenzyme is able to bind two metal ion equivalents, which confer on betaLII its maximum enzymatic efficiency. The enzyme is partially active with one metal ion equivalent. The diCo(II) and a mixed Zn(II)Co(II) derivative of betaLII were obtained and probed by electronic and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. In the high-affinity site, the metal is bound to three His residues and a solvent molecule, adopting a tetrahedral geometry. A Cys, a His, and an Asp residue are coordinated to the low-affinity metal site, together with two or three solvent molecules. This coordination polyhedron resembles the binuclear metal site of the Bacteroides fragilis beta-lactamase [Concha, N., Rasmussen, B. A., Bush, K., and Herzberg, O. (1996) Structure 4, 823-836; Carfi, A., Duée, E., Paul-Soto, R., Galleni, M., Frère, J. M., and Dideberg, O. (1998) Acta Crystallogr. D54, 47-57] but differs from that resulting from the X-ray study of betaLII [Carfi, A., Pares, S., Duée, E., Galleni, M., Duez, C., Frère, J. M., and Dideberg, O. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 4914-4921]. These results suggest that this binuclear metal site may be a general feature of metallo-beta-lactamases.
Assuntos
Bacillus cereus/enzimologia , Cefalosporinase/química , Zinco/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sítios de Ligação , Cefalosporinase/biossíntese , Cefalosporinase/genética , Cobalto/química , Sequência Conservada , Escherichia coli/genética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Proteínas Recombinantes/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
In this paper we have examined the distribution of some isoforms of protein kinase C in different tissues from the sea mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk.. By immunoblot analysis, we have detected the presence of at least three PKC isoforms, all preferably associated with the cellular cytosolic fraction. The Ca(2+)-independent form PKC delta was separated from the Ca(2+)-dependent forms (PKC alpha and beta) by means of an ionic change chromatography on DE-52. A comparative study was carried out on the phosphorylatable non-artificial substrates. The M.B.P. protein proved to be the best substrate, while the worst was HIIIS histone which, however, is frequently used in evaluation assays of the activity.
