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Background: A measles outbreak can occur in the presence of an increased number of unvaccinated children; however, the vaccine was available many decades ago, and it is the foremost cause of child mortality, claiming 568 lives (mostly children) worldwide each day. The investigation was aimed at assessing the magnitude and identifying contributing factors for the measles outbreak in the Garda Marta District of Gamo Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: From January 20 to February 10, 2022, a descriptive and unmatched case-control study was used to describe the measles outbreak and identify the associated risk factors for measles infection. The descriptive analysis employed all 140 cases from the line list, while the case-control study used 51 cases and 102 controls to investigate factors associated with measles infection. Epi-data version 4.6.0.6 was used to code and enter data, which was then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. To declare statistical significance for the association, multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI was used. Results: From a total of 140 measles cases reported from October 12, 2021, to March 09, 2022, 75 (54%) were females. Marta Laddo kebele was most affected (104 cases). Being unvaccinated (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.10-7.32), having a travel history (AOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.61-11.15), having a contact history (AOR: 6.34, 95% CI: 2.35-17.40), being unaware of the mode of transmission (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.16-6.37), and having moderate acute malnutrition (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 1.74-11.31) were factors significantly associated with the measles outbreak. Conclusion: Being unvaccinated, travel history to measles outbreak area, contact history, knowledge of caretakers/mothers on the mode of transmission, and acute malnutrition were associated with the measles outbreak in the district. Therefore, strengthening routine measles immunization, mounting vaccination awareness and nutritional screening are recommended.
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Introduction: adolescents in developing countries are often vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies. It is estimated that about 13 million adolescent girls have unplanned births each year in developing countries. This study examined the scope of the School Health Education Programme (SHEP) and health-seeking behaviours of female adolescents in Junior High School (JHS). Methods: this qualitative research used the narrative approach. Group discussions were conducted among 100 female adolescents aged 12-19 years. Interviews were conducted among five community health workers in five health centres that provide reproductive health services. The in-depth interviews and group discussions were documented, transcribed and analyzed using NVivo 11, whilst thematic analysis was used in analyzing data. Results: the mean age of adolescents was 15.5 years, with 74% reporting having knowledge of STDs. It was observed that the SHEP offers various information on health issues such as menstrual hygiene, STDs, personal hygiene, contraceptives, personal development and unsafe abortion practices. Adolescent reproductive health services were also available in the health centres but patronage was low as a result of perceived negative attitude of health workers and trust. Knowledge on issues of reproductive health is insufficient among JHS female adolescents, with many of them relying on the media and peers for reproductive health support. Conclusion: in this study, female adolescents are generally involved in risky sexual behaviour due to their low level of knowledge on reproductive issues and their unwillingness to patronize available reproductive health services because of the health system and cultural barriers.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Educação em Saúde , Saúde Reprodutiva , Instalações de Saúde , Comportamento de Busca de InformaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the rates of psychological problems have been shown to have a dramatic increase, particularly among people living with chronic diseases. Besides the known clinical factors, it is important to address an individual's level of resilience as an included factor for mental health outcome for people living with HIV/AIDS. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess determinants of common mental disorders among people living with human immune virus/acquired immune deficiency virus (HIV/AIDS). SETTING: ART clinic of Gedeo zone public hospital, South, Ethiopia. METHODS: A facility-based unmatched case control study was conducted. A total of 360 adults (180 cases and 180 controls) aged 18 and above who attended the anti-retro viral therapy (ART) service participated. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) screening tool was used to determine cases and controls based on the status of common mental disorders. The treatment register at each HIV treatment center was used to systematically select study participants for the interview. The cases were common mental disorder (CMD) positively screened adults who scored seven and above, while the controls were adults who scored below seven. Then the cases and controls who took part in the study were selected using a simple random sampling method with a proportional allocation method for each hospital. Multivariable logistic regression was used. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statically significant. RESULTS: Lower resilience level was found to be significant predictors of common mental disorder among HIV patients [AOR = 3.16 95% CI; 1.83, 5.46]. The other predictors were being female (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.01 95% CI; 1.21, 3.34); single [AOR = 8.10 95% CI; 3.50, 18.76]; divorced and widowed [AOR = 3.31 95% CI; 1.76, 6.22]; more than ten years of illness duration [AOR = 2.30 95% CI; 1.39, 3.80]; and having perceived stigma [AOR = 5.39 95% CI; 2.65, 10.82]. CONCLUSION: HIV-positive adults with lower resilience levels and experiencing perceived stigma exhibited significantly higher risk of mental disorders. Hence, improving personal resilience and working to mitigate perceived stigma play a great role in decreasing the risk of common mental disorders.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is becoming one of the major health problems in developing countries. The number of adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide is increasing over time. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in T2DM. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its associated factors among diabetic patients at the MRC clinic of Dilla University Referral Hospital (DURH). METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019 . A total of 216 diabetic individuals were selected with a convenient sampling technique from patients on follow-up at DURH MRC. Data were collected using a structured format. The diagnosis of CVD was made with the necessary diagnostic tests and examination. The data analysis was done in SPSS software version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: A total of 216 patients participated in the study and the mean age of the study participants was 30 years; 83.3% of the study participants were male. The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease was 25% of which 57% were ischemic heart disease, 32% were hypertensive and 10% were stroke. Duration of DM for more than 10 years and diabetic drug discontinuation were factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Odds of CVD was nearly four times more in those whose duration of DM is more than 10 years (AOR=4.00, 95% CI: 2.386-6.705) and odds of CVD among those who discontinued medication were almost three times more, (AOR=2.98, 95% CI: 1.287-6.080). CONCLUSION: A quarter of the diabetic population studied developed CVD. Duration of DM for more than 10 years and drug discontinuation are independent associated factors of CVD. Hence appropriate intervention at early stages should be implemented at primary healthcare level.
