Fisioterapia nas Disfunções Miccionais em Mulheres Tratadas de Cânceres Pélvicos: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura / Physiotherapy in Voiding Dysfunctions in Women Treated for Pelvic Cancers: Literature Systematic Review / Fisioterapia en las Disfunciones Miccionales en Mujeres Tratadas por Cánceres Pélvicos: Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura

Introdução: Os tratamentos cirúrgicos ou adjuvantes dos cânceres ginecológicos podem desencadear sequelas, entre elas, as disfunções miccionais: incontinência urinária, retenção urinária e bexiga hiperativa. A primeira linha de tratamento dessas disfunções consiste em tratamentos conservadores, incluindo a fisioterapia, o que torna importante revisar a literatura vigente sobre o tema. Objetivo: Revisar na literatura a atuação do fisioterapeuta nas disfunções miccionais em mulheres tratadas de cânceres pélvicos. Método: Revisão sistemática, com estratégias de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase e Cochrane, utilizando a ferramenta PICO: P ­ mulheres tratadas de cânceres pélvicos, I ­ fisioterapia ou eletroterapia, C ­ "nenhum/não se aplica", e O ­ disfunções pélvicas. Resultados: Foram encontrados 93 estudos. Destes, selecionaram-se sete para leitura do texto completo e extração de dados. Dos três artigos que abordam o manejo da incontinência urinária, todos utilizaram o treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico como pelo menos um dos procedimentos fisioterapêuticos, tendo metodologia semelhante. Dos quatro artigos que abordam a retenção urinária, em dois, houve utilização de estimulação elétrica transcutânea e, nos outros dois, treinamento funcional da musculatura do assoalho pélvico. Os estudos mostraram uma melhora dos sintomas relacionados à incontinência e retenção urinária, no entanto, a qualidade metodológica de alguns estudos foi baixa. Conclusão: A fisioterapia é um tratamento promissor no manejo de disfunções miccionais no pós-tratamento de cânceres pélvicos. Todavia, a evidência atual deve ser vista com parcimônia em razão da qualidade metodológica dos estudos

Introduction: Surgical or adjuvant treatments of gynecological cancers may cause various sequelae, and, among them, urination disorders: urinary incontinence, retention and overactive bladder. The first line of treatment for voiding disorders consists in conservative treatments, including physiotherapy, therefore, it is important to review the current literature on the theme. Objective: To review the literature on physiotherapeutic treatments for urination disorders in women who have been treated of genital neoplasms. Method: A systematic review has been conducted with specific search strategies applied in the databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane, utilizing the PICO strategy: P ­ women who have been treated for their genital neoplasms, I ­ physiotherapy or electrotherapy, C ­ "none/ doesn't apply", and O ­ pelvic dysfunctions. Results: 93 studies were found. Of these, seven were selected for full text reading and data extraction. Of the three studies that discuss how to deal with UI, all utilized pelvic floor exercises with at least one of the physiotherapy procedures with similar methodology. Four studies discussed urinary retention and two of them utilized transcutaneous electrical stimulation and the other two, functional pelvic floor training. The studies showed a betterment of the symptoms related to urinary incontinence and retention; however, the methodological quality of a few studies was low. Conclusion: Physiotherapy is a promising form of treatment for urination disorders post-female genital neoplasm treatment. Nevertheless, current evidence must be seen cautiously due to the methodological quality of the studies

Introducción: Los tratamientos quirúrgicos o adyuvantes de los cánceres ginecológicos pueden desencadenar secuelas, entre ellas trastornos de la micción: incontinencia, retención urinaria y vejiga hiperactiva. La primera línea de tratamiento de los trastornos de la micción consiste en tratamientos conservadores, incluida la fisioterapia, por lo que es importante revisar la literatura actual sobre el tema. Objetivo: Revisar en la literatura la actuación del fisioterapeuta en las disfunciones miccionales en mujeres tratadas por cáncer pélvico. Método: Revisión sistemática, con estrategias de búsqueda en PubMed, Embase y Cochrane, utilizando la estrategia PICO: P ­ mujeres tratadas por cáncer pélvico, I ­ fisioterapia o electroterapia, C ­ "ninguna/ no aplicable", y O ­ disfunciones pélvicas. Resultados: Se encontraron 93 estudios. De ellos, se seleccionaron siete para la lectura del texto completo y la extracción de datos. De los tres que abordan el manejo de la IU, todos utilizaron el entrenamiento muscular del piso pélvico como al menos uno de los procedimientos fisioterapéuticos, utilizando una metodología similar. De los cuatro artículos que abordan la retención urinaria, dos utilizaron estimulación eléctrica transcutánea y dos utilizaron entrenamiento funcional del piso pélvico. Los estudios mostraron mejoría en los síntomas relacionados con la incontinencia y la retención urinaria, sin embargo, la calidad metodológica de algunos estudios fue baja. Conclusión: La fisioterapia es un tratamiento prometedor en el manejo de la disfunción miccional después del tratamiento del cáncer pélvico. No obstante, la evidencia actual debe verse con parsimonia debido a la calidad metodológica de los estudios

Early Free Range-of-Motion Upper Limb Exercises After Mastectomy and Immediate Implant-Based Reconstruction Are Safe and Beneficial: A Randomized Trial.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the impact that free range-of-motion (ROM) upper limb exercises 15 or 30 days after mastectomy and immediate implant-based reconstruction has on surgical complications and kinetic-functional recovery. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial included 60 women who had breast cancer treated with mastectomy and immediate implant or tissue expander reconstruction. The patients initiated the exercises with shoulder ROM limited to 90° the day after surgery. After 2 weeks, the patients were randomized into two groups of 30 patients each: the "free-range group," which permitted shoulder range exercises until limited by pain or wound dehiscence, and the "limited-range group," which maintained shoulder movement restriction at 90° until 30 days after surgery, at which time they also were allowed to perform free-range exercises. The patients underwent evaluations preoperatively, then 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after surgery. The primary outcomes were incidence and prevalence of dehiscence and seroma and incidence of infection and necrosis. The secondary outcomes were shoulder ROM, pain, and upper limb function. RESULTS: The two groups did not differ in terms of incidence and prevalence of postoperative complications. The patients with free upper limb exercise 15 days after surgery had less pain, greater shoulder amplitude, and better upper limb function than those who had movement restricted to 90° for 30 days. CONCLUSION: The postoperative protocol with free shoulder ROM on the 15th day after surgery is safe and beneficial in terms of kinetic-functional recovery and pain control for patients after mastectomy and immediate implant-based reconstruction. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTER: NCT02480842.

Evaluation of body image, quality of life, tactile sensitivity and pain in women with breast cancer submitted to surgical intervention.

OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of tumor in the world and the most common among women. There are several treatments for breast cancer; however, the condition often can be accompanied by severe complications in a woman's life. To evaluate and compare body image perception, quality of life, tenderness, and pain in women with breast cancer during preoperative and postoperative periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study. The patients answered the questionnaire "How I relate to my own body", EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23. We assessed upper limb and breast sensitivity with an esthesiometer. Patients were questioned about the presence and level of pain on a scale of 0 to 10. RESULTS: For body image, it was possible to observe a significant difference between pre and postoperative at 30 days. There were changes in some areas of the EORTC QLQ C30 and EORTC QLQ BR23 questionnaires, such as arm and breast symptoms, social function, constipation, sexual function and satisfaction, among others. For evaluation of breast and axilla sensitivity and assessment of pain, all postoperative periods showed significant differences when compared to the preoperative period. The sensitivity of the inner region of the arm presented no significant change. CONCLUSION: The difference found in the study shows that evaluations on all scales should be done in several periods, using a proper treatment for the changes and individuality of each patient.

Evaluation of body image, quality of life, tactile sensitivity and pain in women with breast cancer submitted to surgical intervention

SUMMARY Breast cancer is one of the most common types of tumor in the world and the most common among women. There are several treatments for breast cancer; however, the condition often can be accompanied by severe complications in a woman's life. OBJECTIVE: o evaluate and compare body image perception, quality of life, tenderness, and pain in women with breast cancer during preoperative and postoperative periods of 30, 60 and 90 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study. The patients answered the questionnaire "How I relate to my own body", EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23. We assessed upper limb and breast sensitivity with an esthesiometer. Patients were questioned about the presence and level of pain on a scale of 0 to 10. RESULTS: For body image, it was possible to observe a significant difference between pre and postoperative at 30 days. There were changes in some areas of the EORTC QLQ C30 and EORTC QLQ BR23 questionnaires, such as arm and breast symptoms, social function, constipation, sexual function and satisfaction, among others. For evaluation of breast and axilla sensitivity and assessment of pain, all postoperative periods showed significant differences when compared to the preoperative period. The sensitivity of the inner region of the arm presented no significant change. CONCLUSION: The difference found in the study shows that evaluations on all scales should be done in several periods, using a proper treatment for the changes and individuality of each patient.

RESUMO O câncer de mama é um dos tipos mais comuns de tumores no mundo e o tipo mais comum entre as mulheres. Existem tratamentos severos para o câncer de mama, no entanto, em muitos casos, podem ser acompanhados por complicações sérias para a vida da mulher. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a percepção da imagem corporal, a qualidade de vida, a sensibilidade e a dor em mulheres com câncer de mama nos períodos pré-operatório e pós-operatório de 30, 60 e 90 dias. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal prospectivo. Os pacientes responderam ao questionário "Como me relaciono com meu próprio corpo", o EORTC QLQ-C30 e o EORTC QLQ-BR23. Fizemos uma avaliação da sensibilidade do membro superior e da mama com um estesiômetro. Os pacientes foram questionados sobre a presença de dor e seu nível em uma escala de 0 a 10. RESULTADOS: Para a imagem corporal, foi possível observar uma diferença significativa entre o pré e pós-operatório de 30 dias. Mostrou mudanças em algumas áreas dos questionários EORTC QLQ C30 e EORTC QLQ BR23, como sintomas de braço e mama, função social, constipação e função sexual e satisfação, entre outros. Para avaliação da sensibilidade mamária e axilar e avaliação da dor, todos os períodos de pós-operatório apresentaram diferenças significativas quando comparados ao período pré-operatório. A sensibilidade da região interna do braço não apresentou mudanças significativas. CONCLUSÃO: A diferença encontrada no estudo mostra que as avaliações em todas as escalas devem ser feitas em vários períodos, utilizando um tratamento adequado que enfrente as mudanças e a individualidade de cada paciente.

Winged scapula incidence and upper limb morbidity after surgery for breast cancer with axillary dissection.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of winged scapula after breast cancer surgery, its impact on shoulder morbidity and difference in incidence according to surgery type. METHODS: Patients with breast cancer and surgical indication for axillary dissection were included. A total of 112 patients were surveyed with one physical evaluation before the surgery and others 15, 30, 90, and 180 days after. Winged scapula was assessed with test proposed by Hoppenfeld. Shoulder range of motion (ROM) was assessed with goniometer for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation. A verbal scale from 0 to 10 was used to assess pain. RESULTS: Winged scapula incidence was 8.0 % 15 days after surgery. Two patients recovered from winged scapula 90 days after surgery and four more 180 days after surgery, while three patients still had winged scapula at this time. The incidence after 15 days from surgery was 20.9 and 22.6 % among patients submitted to sentinel node biopsy or axillary lymphadenectomy (AL), respectively (p < 0.01). There was no statistical difference of incidence according to breast surgery type. Operated side shoulder flexion, adduction, and abduction ROM changes were statistically different in patients with or without winged scapula. The mean reduction was higher in patients with winged scapula. Both groups showed the same pattern over time in pain. CONCLUSION: Winged scapula incidence was 8.0 % and was higher in AL, and prevalence decreased during 6 months after surgery. Patients who developed winged scapula had more shoulder flexion, adduction, and abduction limitation.

Effectiveness of acupuncture in rehabilitation of physical and functional disorders of women undergoing breast cancer surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to verify the effectiveness of acupuncture in rehabilitation of physical and functional disorders of women undergoing breast cancer surgery on the following parameters: pain, range of motion, upper limb function, and depressive symptoms. METHODS: The following are the inclusion criteria: women aged more than 18 years with scapular girdle and upper limb pain after 3 months of surgery and with pain ≥3 in visual analog scale. Patients were divided into two randomized groups which received weekly treatment during 10 sessions. Kinesiotherapy group (G1)-treated with a predefined kinesiotherapy protocol of 30 min. Group Acupuncture + Kinesiotherapy (G2)-treated with the same kinesiotherapy group protocol followed by another 30 min of acupuncture, used in predefined points. Both groups performed physical examination and answered the upper limb function and depressive symptoms questionnaires. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients completed the treatment, 24 in each group. Regarding the pain, the two groups had statistically significant improvement in all evaluated moments. In the analysis of depression, it improved significantly only in G1 in the comparison between the first and the tenth session. The upper limb function had improvement in G1 only in the comparison between the first and the tenth session and in G2, in the three evaluation moments. The range of motion (ROM) showed improvement in all evaluated movements. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference between groups. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement of the items assessed: pain, depression, upper limb function, and ADM, and there was no difference between them.