RESUMO
The presence of psychotic symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has already been recognized. Using the Structured Clinical Interview Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, we searched for and assessed psychotic symptoms in 91 males suffering from combat-related PTSD. Hallucinations and delusions were present in 20% of patients. We divided all patients into three groups: the group with hallucinations and delusions, the group without these symptoms, and the group with "subthreshold" psychotic symptoms. Using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, and Structured Clinical Interview Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, we investigated differences between groups in the intensity of traumatization, severity of PTSD symptoms, and the frequency of depression. There were no significant differences between groups; however, there was one exception: severity of hyperarousal symptoms was positively correlated with occurrence of psychotic symptoms.
Assuntos
Distúrbios de Guerra/diagnóstico , Militares/psicologia , Psiquiatria Militar , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Guerra , Adulto , Distúrbios de Guerra/complicações , Distúrbios de Guerra/terapia , Croácia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicoterapia de Grupo , Transtornos Psicóticos/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/complicações , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The goal of this study was to analyse the defence mechanism's changes during adolescent's adaptation to the new schooling terms at the first year in high school. Sample of 266 students, mean age 15, have been included in the research. Kellerman's Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ) was administred for measuring defence mechanisms at the beginning and at the end of the school year. Results show that regression and reactive formation are changing at most; regression raises (p < 0.005) while reactive formation decreases (p < 0.000). Boys used repression, while girls reactive formation more frequently in both measuring. Displacement was 'male" defence in the first measuring; but at repeated measuring this difference in sex vanished. The sources of anxiety can be found partly in new school environment and in adolescent's effort to "solve the problem" with sexual impulses and aggression using different sets of defences.
