Thymo-adrenals reaction in pre-pubertal and pubertal Wistar rats in response to acute administration of calcitonin.

Pre- and post-pubertal Wistar rats were injected i.m. with a single dose equivalent to 1 UI of Calcitonin (Calsyn-50 Rorer, Swiss). Its effects upon the thymus and adrenals were assessed after 1, 3 and respectively, 8 days since injection. The results pointed to differences of reaction of the thymus and adrenals dependent on rat ages and on the period of hormone persistence in the organism. The effects in mature rats are characterized by a stress state, reflected in adrenal reaction, but without impact upon the thymus in point of biochemical parameters. In rats of that age, modifications in both organs are much reduced after 8 days since calcitonin injection. In pubertal rats, adrenal activity is temperate, and thymus registers modification of DNA, of oxygen consumption and of nitrogen aminic after 3 days since injection. This modification is maintained for 8 days.

Thyroxin and thiouracyl influence upon some biochemical parameters in chicken thymuses.

Administration of L-thyroxin in a dose of 30 micrograms/chicken, i.m. and 2-thiouracyl in a dose of 0.3 mg/chicken, i.m. for an interval of 3 days, determined, at the thymus level, increases of total protein content in the Tu group, in parallel with decreases of the nitrogen of free amino acids level in the Tx group, increases of DNA content in the Tx group and an increase of the thymus weight in both groups. Modifications are due to the action of thyroxin, on the one hand, and on the other to the doses of antithyroid drug which determines a raise of T4 content in the plasma and the manifestation of activities specific to this hormone.

Comparative studies concerning the effects of hydrocortisone and of some synthetic glucocorticoids upon the thymocytes of the Wistar rats.

Thymocytes (isolated from the thymus of Wistar rats) were put in contact with the glucocorticoid hormones (hydrocortisone acetat, prednison, respectively superprednol) in the Warburg cup. The in vitro effects upon the biochemical parameters: total proteins, gammaglobulines, RNA, DNA, glucose and free nitrogen aminoacids, are more emphasized for both synthetic hormones than hydrocortisone, establishing a decreases in their levels.

The effect of leucotrofina and BSA (bovine serum albumin) antigen on the ontogenetical capacity of antibody generation in chicken.

Leucotrofina administration to chickens of two different ages (2,5 IU/chicken to 3 days old chickens, and 5 IU/individual to 21 days old chickens), associated with an antigen (1 / 1000 Bovine Serum Albumin) (0,25 ml, respectively 0.5 ml/animal in young and in older chickens) affected several blood serum parameters as: the antibodies concentration, the gamma-globulins, the total proteins, and the nitrogen of the free amino-acids content in a manner corresponding to the experimental model and to age the of the animals.

The effects of hydrocortisone-acetate on some biochemical parameters in the liver, thymus, thymocytes and adrenals of white Wistar rats.

The administration of hydrocortisone-acetate to adult Wistar rats induced emphasized biochemical modifications in the thymus, together with the weight decrease of the gland. Liver was less affected and adrenal's function was suppressed, as shown by the increase of the ascorbic acid content. The treatment did not induce a stress situation.

The effects of a long term treatment with cyclophosphamide on the thymus and on some blood parameters in Wistar rats.

Adult Wistar rats of both sexes were treated with Cyclophosphamide (a Romanian product), for 12 month. The Cyclophosphamide was given in the food, in 3 different doses (0.31, 1.25, respectively 2.5 mg/kg body weight). The modifications produced in the thymus and blood plasma were dose and sex dependent, and they emphasize an alteration in the protein metabolism, which is not accompanied by an involuntion of the thymus itself.

The effects of leucotrofina or timolimfotropina on some parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in the Wistar rat.

A 10 days Leucotrofina or Timolimfotropina administration induced in Wistar rats a rise of glycemia and liver glycogen content, and a decrease of glycogen-phosphorylase a activity. These modifications lasted in time and may be due to an activation of the hepatic gluconcogenetic pathway, via a stimulated glucocorticoid production.

Effects of leucotrofina and timolimfotropina on the liver of Wistar rats.

Adult male rats were treated for 10 days with a thymic extract (Leucotrofina-L, or Timolimfotropina-T, Ellem Milano, Italy), in a daily dose of 0.1 ml/100g body weight. 5 days after the end of the treatment, rats were sacrificed and liver was removed. The modifications in the liver were of the same direction for noth thymic extracts (an increase of the total protein content and of DNA concentration and a decrease of RNA concentration).

Thymic and suprarenalian response of Wistar rats following the administration of the humoral thymic factor (Leucotrofina) and of the cytostatic cyclophosphamide.

Leucotrofina administration in Wistar rats induced in thymus an increase of total protein content and of protein synthesis from 14C-leucine, simultaneously with a raise in the AlAT activity. Adrenal glands were not affected. Leucotrofina administration on the background of Cyclophosphamide induced modifications restored at normal values some of the thymic parameters (total protein content and RNA content) but the ascorbic acid content in the adrenals remained lowered.

Biochemical modifications in the bursa of fabricius, thymus and adrenals of chickens injected with an anti-bursal serum.

Cornish-Rock chickens were given 0.3 ml anti-bursal serum in the pectoral muscle on the first day of life. Three days after serum administration, the modifications were evident both in the bursa of Fabricius and thymus (ponderal involution and decrease of RNA and glycogen contents). Pronounced thymo-bursal differences appeared at 13 days: in the bursa the values were normalized; in the thymus inverse modifications appeared as compared to the 3 days values. The modifications in the adrenals are in agreement with those in the lymph organs.

Thio-urea and methionine effects on glucose and leucine absorption in chicken jejunum.

Administration to broiler chickens of one single dose of thio-urea (7 mg/kg body weight) on the 7th day of age affects in different ways jejunal absorption of glucose and of leucine. Methionine supplementation of feedstuff (1.5 g/kg) through 40 days affects, in an age-dependent manner, glucose absorption, but not that of leucine.

The hypoglycemic effect of "Hipogalegin".

In alloxan-induced diabetes in rats a marked increase in fasting glycemia was seen. The administration of "Hipogalegin" (0.45 g/kg b.w.; for one administration) led to a marked decrease of the glycemia in fasted diabetic animals: 40% of the diabetic animals subjected to this treatment survived and continued to survive even on the 94th day after diabetes was induced. Diabetic animals who were not given "Hypogalegin" died during the first two weeks after diabetes was induced.

Hepatoprotector effect of Chrysanthemum balsamita extract in ethanol intoxicated rats.

Male Wistar rats weighing 200 +/- 10 g were intoxicated with ethanol 50% (1 ml/100 g b.w./, day, for 12 days) and concomitantly treated with hydroethanol extract of Chrysanthemum balsamita. An increase of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphorylase a activities correlated with a liver glycogen breakdown as well as a decrease of glycemia were obtained in rats given ethanol 50%. It was found that Chrysanthemum balsamita extract counteracted ethanol effects and maintained at normal limit the metabolite parameters.

Thiourea and methionine effects upon glucose and leucine absorption in chicken jejunum.

Administration of a unique dose of thiourea (7 mg per kg b.w.) in the 7th day of life to broiler chickens affects in different manners the jejunal absorption of glucose and that of leucine. Methionine supplementation of the fodder (1.5 g per kg) during 40 days affects--in an age-dependent manner--the glucose absorption, but not that of leucine.

Biochemical modifications induced by Timorom in the liver carbohydrate metabolism of male and female rats.

A 90-day Timorom treatment of rats of both sexes modified some of the carbohydrate metabolism parameters. Some of the modifications were different in male and female rats. Glycogen storage was increased, while liver GPa activity was decreased in the male rats, but those modifications ran in the opposite direction in the female rats. In our opinion, these different reactions of male and female rats to Timorom (containing a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent--timolol) depended on the different ways by which the glycogen phosphorylase system is activated. Many of the biochemical modifications, obtained after the Timorom treatment, disappeared at the end of the first post-treatment month.

Metabolic disturbances induced by organotins through subchronic treatment in chickens. First communication: growth dynamics, carbohydrate and protein metabolism.

Four organotin derivatives (tributyltin acid, dibutyltin chloride, triphenyltinchloride, and triphenyltin-bis (diethyl) dithiophosphate) were tested through subchronic treatment on 19 days old chickens. Growth dynamics as well as carbohydrate and protein metabolism were investigated, in order to evaluate their effects on metabolic activity. Biochemical liver and blood constituents revealed growth retardation and general depression of metabolic activity in experimental groups. Some correlations were found to exist chemical structure, dose use for compound, and effects. Butyltins were more toxic than phenylderivatives and their effects were proportionale to the dose.

Metabolic disturbances induced by organotins through subchronic treatment in chickens. Second communication: mineral metabolism.

4 organotin derivatives (tributyltin acid, dibutyltin chloride, triphenyltin chloride, and triphenyltinbis (diethyl) dithiophosphate) were tested through subchronic treatment in 19 days old chickens. Their effects upon mineral metabolism were studied through biochemical investigations in kidney, bone, and blood. Bone mineral disturbances (depletion of Ca/P ratio) induced Ca elimination in blood, immobilised as calcium urates in kidney, and also increased values for alkaline phosphatase, following tin accumulation in bone. Butyl and phenyltin chloride were more toxic than dithiophosphate, and the intensity of effects was proportionate to the dose.