Energy metabolism of pregnant zebu and crossbred zebu dairy cattle.

The purpose of this study was to determine the energy partition of pregnant F1 Holstein x Gyr with average initial body weight (BW) of 515.6 kg and Gyr cows with average initial BW of 435.1 kg at 180, 210 and 240 days of gestation, obtained using respirometry. Twelve animals in two groups (six per genetic group) received a restricted diet equivalent to 1.3 times the net energy for maintenance (NEm). The proportion of gross energy intake (GEI) lost as feces did not differ between the evaluated breeds and corresponded to 28.65% on average. The daily methane production (L/d) was greater for (P<0.05) F1 HxG compared to Gyr animals. However, when expressed as L/kg dry matter (DM) or as percentage of GEI there were no differences between the groups (P>0.05). The daily loss of energy as urine (mean of 1.42 Mcal/d) did not differ (P>0.05) between groups and ranged from 3.87 to 5.35% of the GEI. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of F1 HxG animals was greater (P < 0.05) at all gestational stages compared to Gyr cows when expressed in Mcal/d. However, when expressed in kcal/kg of metabolic BW (BW0,75), the F1 HxG cows had MEI 11% greater (P<0.05) at 240 days of gestation and averaged 194.39 kcal/kg of BW0,75. Gyr cows showed no change in MEI over time (P>0.05), with a mean of 146.66 kcal/kg BW0. 75. The ME used by the conceptus was calculated by deducting the metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) from the MEI, which was obtained in a previous study using the same cows prior to becoming pregnant. The values of NEm obtained in the previous study with similar non-pregnant cows were 92.02 kcal/kg BW0.75 for F1 HxG, and 76.83 kcal/kg BW0.75 for Gyr (P = 0.06). The average ME for pregnancy (MEp) was 5.33 Mcal/d for F1 HxG and 4.46 Mcal/d for Gyr. The metabolizability ratio, averaging 0.60, was similar among the evaluated groups (P>0.05). The ME / Digestible Energy (DE) ratio differed between groups and periods evaluated (P<0.05) with a mean of 0.84. The heat increment (HI) accounted for 22.74% and 24.38% of the GEI for F1 HxG and Gyr cows, respectively. The proportion of GEI used in the basal metabolism by pregnant cows in this study represented 29.69%. However, there were no differences between the breeds and the evaluation periods and corresponded to 29.69%. The mean NE for pregnancy (NEp) was 2.76 Mcal/d and did not differ between groups and gestational stages (P>0.05).

Infecções odontogênicas complexas e seu perfil epidemiológico / Severe odontogenic infections and its epidemiological profile

Infecções odontogênicas complexas são aquelas, que se disseminam para espaços faciais subjacentes, podendo provocar complicações graves, como a Angina de Ludwig. Seu diagnóstico precoce e uma avaliação precisa das complicações são extremamente importantes para o sucesso do tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil epidemiológico de 50 pacientes internados com infecção odontogênica complexa em um hospital público de Belo Horizonte-MG, no intervalo de um ano. Dentre eles, 26 eram mulheres e 24 homens, com a média de idade de 31,04 anos. O período de internação foi, em média, de 6,9 dias, e o intervalo entre o início da infecção e a internação foi de 4,80 dias em média. Apenas 6% eram portadores de Diabetes Mellitus. Em 56%, os dentes causadores foram segundos e terceiros molares inferiores. Um total de 54% possuía baixa renda, mas apenas 4% eram analfabetos. Dentre os pacientes, 47 fizeram uso de algum tipo de medicamento prévio ao momento da internação hospitalar e 32,0% relataram-se automedicado. Concluiu-se que a infecção odontogênica pode atingir indivíduos de variadas faixas etárias, independente do sexo, classe econômica ou nível de instrução. A prevenção e a abordagem precoce dos casos são a melhor estratégia de tratamento... (AU)

Severe odontogenic infections are those that spread to spaces underlying facial and may cause severe complications such as Ludwig's angina. Early diagnosis and precise evaluation of complications is extremely important for successful treatment. The objective of this study was to understand the epidemiology of 50 patients admitted with severe odontogenic infection in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais within one year. Among them, 26 were women and 24 men, with a mean age of 31.04 years. The hospital stay averaged 6.9 days and the interval between the onset of infection and hospitalization was 4.80 days on average. Only 6% were diabetic patients. In 56%, the causing teeth were second and third molars. A total of 54% had low income, but only 4% were illiterate. Among the patients, 47 had used some kind of drug prior to the time of hospitalization and 32.0% reported having self-medicated. It was concluded that the odontogenic infection can affect individuals of different age groups, regardless of gender, economic class or education level. The prevention and early treatment of cases are the best treatment strategy... (AU)