[Morbidity and psychomotor development at 2 years of age in children born in Puy-de-Dome in 1983. Study of children groups defined by perinatal risk]. / Morbidité et développement psychomoteur à deux ans des enfants nés dans le Puy-de-Dôme en 1983. Etude des groupes d'enfants définis par un risque périnatal.

All infants born in the Puy-de-Dôme area in 1983 and referred to a neonatal care unit were studied prospectively. Children were seen at their homes at 9 months and at 2 years of age and results were compared with those found in controls. High risk groups were defined on the basis of neonatal variables including prematurity, neurologic anomalies, respiratory distress, assisted ventilation, and growth retardation. At birth, prematurity was associated with an increased risk of respiratory distress and infections were more common in small-for-dates infants. Evaluations at 9 months and at 2 years of age showed increased prevalences of growth retardation and strabismus in the high-risk infants, and neurodevelopmental tests disclosed lower performances in these children. Conversely, infectious diseases and readmissions between birth and two years of age were not increased in the high risk groups, as compared with the control group.

[Thyroid hormones during a hypocaloric diet in obese patients]. / Etude des hormones thyroïdiennes au cours d'un régime hypocalorique chez l'obèse.

The levels of T3, RT3, T3/RT3, T4, FT4 index or T4/TBG, TSH, at days 1, 4, 8, 15 of a 800-1 000 diet with 60-80 g of carbohydrates, were studied in 45 subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and non parametric tests for comparison of the mean levels between days 1 and 4, 1 and 8, 1 and 15, 4 and 8, 4 and 15, 8 and 15. We observed no difference between men and women. We noted no modification in the evolution of T4, FT4 or T4/TBG and TSH levels. A significant T3 decrease and a RT3 increase with a clear cut decrease of the T3/RT3 ratio from day 1 to 15 principally marked from day 4 to 15 were found. These hormonal modifications correlate well with the weight fall.

[Insulin reserve of insulin-dependent diabetics. Role of C-peptide in the hormonal balance in diabetes]. / La réserve insulinique du diabétique insulino-dépendant. Rôle du peptide C dans l'équilibre du diabète.

Insulin secretion was investigated in 65 insulin-dependent diabetic patients by determining C peptide levels before and after stimulation with either an 800 calories test meal or an injection of glucagon or arginine i.v. Most patients had very low basal C peptide levels and response to all stimulation tests was poor as compared to controls. In normal subjects, response to glucagon or arginine stimulation appeared to be slightly stronger than response to test meal stimulation. There was apparently no correlation between diabetes control, as assessed by haemoglobin A1c values, and C peptide levels before and after stimulation. On the other hand, C peptide levels were inversely proportional to the duration of diabetes. Finally, C peptide levels after test meal stimulation were found to correlate with the doses of insulin administered.

[In vitro study of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of temocillin (BRL 17421)]. / Etude in vitro de l'activité bactériostatique et bactéricide de la témocilline (BRL 17421).

Temocillin is a carboxypenicillin; a methoxy group in the 6-alpha position should confer to the molecule greater stability to beta-lactamases. 236 strains isolated from clinical specimens were tested. MICs were determined by agar dilution method. Enterobacteriaceae were very susceptible, MICs being generally less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml and always less than 32 micrograms/ml. The activity of the drug was equal against the beta-lactamases producing strains. On the other hand temocillin was not active against aerobes (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 90% of Acinetobacter), and against Gram positive bacteria. The bactericidal effect was strong: (formula; see text) A regression-line was proposed for Enterobacteriaceae and "break-points" were discussed.

[Diffusion of rifampicin into spongy and compact bone tissue during total hip prosthesis operation]. / Etude de la diffusion de la rifampicine dans le tissu osseux spongieux et compact au cours de prothèses totales de hanche.

Sixty eight patients received either an oral single dose of 300 mg (or 300 mg/12 h), or an oral single dose of 600 mg (or 600 mg/24 h) of rifampicin. In every case samples of serum and bone were collected 3 h, 12 h, and 24 h after the last oral dose. Rifampicin levels measured at 3 h and 12 h in cortical bone samples increased significantly with the dose of the drug. The only dose which determines activity in cortical bone at the 3rd hour was the dose of 600 mg. When the dose was increased from 300 mg/12 h to 600 mg/24 h the ratio spongious bone/serum increased from 0.19 to 0.41 at 3d h and from 0.24 to 0.29 at the 12th hour; the ratio cortical bone serum was 0.20 at the 3rd hour after a dose of 600 mg. In any case tissue levels varied in a parallel direction to serum levels and were superior in spongious bone to the MIC of S. aureus sensitive strains until 12 h after the 600 mg dose. According to these results, it appears that the best dose for treating S. aureus bone infection seems to be 600 mg/12 h.

[Prophylaxis of infectious complications in maxillo-facial surgery. Value of cefazolin. (A review of 400 cases)]. / Prophylaxie des complications infectieuses dans les interventions de chirurgie maxillo-faciale. Intérêt de l'utilisation de la céfazoline. (A propos de quatre cents cas).

The value of short-term prophylaxis with antibiotics in maxillo-facial surgery and plastic facial surgery is studied. 200 patients were included in the study and compared to 200 controls who were given the usual systematic antibiotic therapy, with a different antibiotic, for more than 6 days. 400 case-reports were thus retrospectively analyzed. The results show that when the surgical procedure lasts for less than three hours, short-term prophylaxis with antibiotics is more effective than the usual systematic antibiotic therapy given for more than 6 days.

[Statistical regression analysis for four new cephalosporins (author's transl)]. / Analyse statistique des courbes de concordance de quatre nouvelles céphalosporines.

The MIC (agar dilution method) and the zone diameter (disk diffusion) were determined for two hundred and sixteen of the most frequently bacterial strains found in hospitals in order to establish the regression curves for four new cephalosporins : cefotaxime, cefoperazone, cefotiam, moxalactam. The dta (MIC, zone size) were represented by a series of points (Mi (Xi Yi) in semilogarithmic rectangular co-ordinates expressed as : Xi = log2 MIC + 7 ; Yi = zone diameter. Firstly, we tried to fit a regression polynomial to this series of points progressing from degree 1, simple equation (standard regression line) 2, 3, etc. in order to reduce if need be, the deviation between the model (polynomial) and the empirical data. For these four cephalosporins a regression polynomial was obtained. Secondly, the global series was divided into three series of points Mi corresponding to three ranges of MIC : MIC less than or equal to 4 microgram/ml ; 4 less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml; MIC greater than or equal to 16 microgram/ml. A regression line was obtained for each series and compared with each other and each one with the global regression line (they do not coincide statistically). Concerning these antibiotics, it is better to use a regression polynomial rather than apply a standard regression line.

[Oral protozoans and diabetes: study in 117 patients]. / Protozoaires buccaux et diabète: étude chez 117 sujets.

A study on the presence of oral Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax has been carried out on calculus or dental plaque from 117 diabetic subjects. Statistical analysis of results shows no correlation between diabetes and protozoa. The same frequency was found between diabetic and normal subjects. Nevertheless, a significant relation has been found between the diabetes and the yeasts.

[Long term course of insulin secretion in treated noninsulin dependent diabetics (author's transl)]. / Evolution a long terme de l'insulino-sécrétion chez le diabétique non insulino-dépendant traité.

The long-term effects of sulfonamides were studied by means of hyperinsulinemia tests in 82 diabetics over a period of 12 months (24 months for 30 of them). Whereas for those obese diabetics whose only treatment was dieting--alone or combined with biguanides--hyperinsulinemia attenuates itself as do also variations in glycemia, although some asynchronism remains, in those diabetics treated with sulfonamides--alone or in combination with other treatments--the insulinemia curve is hardly modified.

[Long term course of insulin secretion in treated non-insulin dependent diabetics (author's transl)]. / Evolution a long terme de l'insulino-sécrétion chez le diabétique non insulino-dépendant traité.

The long-term effects of sulfonamides were studied by means of hyperinsulinemia tests in 82 diabetics over a period of 12 months (24 months for 30 of them). Whereas for those (obese) diabetes whose only treatment was dieting--alone or combined with biguanides--hyperinsulinemia attenuates itself as do also variations in glycemia, although some asynchronism remains, in those diabetics treated with sulfonamides--alone or in combination with other treatments--the insulinemia curve is hardly modified.