[10 years' of production and use of human rabies immunoglobulin in Yugoslavia]. / Deset godina proizvodnje i primene humanog imunoglobulina protiv besnila u Jugoslaviji.

Application of the rabies immunoglobuline is a compulsory part of the prophylaxis of rabies in all severe, transdermal lesions caused by rabies infected animals. Sylvatic rabies has spread in the past few years throughout the whole Yugoslavia, and human cases of rabies have also been reported in other East European countries. In order to achieve the highest level of rabies prophylaxis, apart from postinfective rabies vaccination, it is necessary to provide passive immunization using specific antibodies against rabies. After successful immunization of the young, healthy volunteers in 1990, National Blood Transfusion Institute, in cooperation with the Pasteur Institute from Novi Sad, prepared the first quantities of immunized plasma by plasmapheresis procedure and human rabies immunoglobuline. Without national production, sufficient quantities of human rabies immunoglobuline could not be provided, since the price on the world market is rather high (over $1000 per patient).

A simple morphological score for the quality control of platelet concentrates.

The percentage of platelets that retain discoid form correlate with their post-transfusion viability and therefore they may act as a simple indicator for the quality of the stored platelet concentrates (PCs). The morphological score (MS) of platelets, given by Kunicki, requires the index of different forms of platelets: discoid, spherical, starlike and bizarre. In the present study, we intended to clarify whether the morphological score of discoid platelets alone could serve as a method for the estimation of PCs quality. During the first five days after preparation, samples of standard platelet concentrates (SPCs) and of leucodepleted platelet concentrates (LDPCs) were analyzed morphologically by immersion light microscopy using smears stained by the May-Grünwald-Giemsa method. In addition to the MS, an original Modified Morphological Score (MMS), for a population of 200 platelets, was used to count platelets with the discoid shape. The mean MMS ranged (first to fifth day) from 192.6 to 166.6 with SPCs and from 197.2 to 185.4 with LDPCs. There is a significant difference (ANOVA) between: (a) PCs prepared by different techniques (p < 0.01); (b) the quality of the same PCs during the storage (p < 0.0001).

[Problems and dilemmas in the testing of genetic characteristics of the blood for the purpose of determining disputed paternity (forensic hemogenetics)]. / Neki problemi i dileme pri testiranju genetskih karakteristika krvi u svrhu vestacenja spornog ocinstva (sudska hemogenetika).

The work presents certain groups of cases selected from more than 1500 triplets (father-mother-child) we tested from 1979. to 1984., in order to indicate certain dilemmas in making definite conclusions on disputed paternity. 55 cases of the first rule exclusions, using one system only were found to be definite; one conclusion on disputed paternity exclusion using Duffy system only was found to be correctly finished, although we should not recommend it; extention of the analysis set with HLA-A, B, C products determination significantly increases exclusion percentage of misjudged fathers; in the analyzed group of 22 exclusions where HLA antigens were determined, during the second stage or simultaneously with the determination of erythrocytes, we found 7 exclusions according to erythrocyte system, also confirmed according to HLA; 12 cases with exclusions according to HLA only, 3 cases with no exclusions either according to erythrocyte system or HLA; according to Duffy system we had two cases of apparent maternity exclusions.

Human red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase polymorphism in Serbia, Yugoslavia.

The polymorphism of red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) was studied in 277 unrelated voluntary blood donors from the population of Serbia (Yugoslavia). The following phenotype frequencies were observed: GPT 1 0.309, GPT 2-1 0.454 and GPT 2 0.206, while gene frequencies were: GPT1 0.556 and GPT2 0.454.

[Hemolytic disease of the newborn in monozygotic twins caused by anti-c alloantibodies of the rhesus system]. / Morbus haemolyticus neonatorum u jednojajnih blizanaca uzrokovan anti-c aloantitelima rhesus sistema.

The aloimunisation of the pregnant woman has been showed as hard form Morbus Haemolyticus Neonatorum (MHN) Newborn twins. Prematurely born twins - monoegged and their mother have compatible blood group of ABO system (A). CC-fenotype exchange transfusion was given to one child while the other received blood of cc-fenotype later on, the both of them were given additional transfusion of CC-fenotype of corresponding blood group ABO. Mother was given CC-fenotype blood transfusion. Certain difference was seen in the fostness of restituciones of the value of hematocrit in the fostness of value normalizations of bilirubin and in the presence of anti c antibodies in red cells and in the sera of sick twins. The comparisons of the MHN course are limited by the fact that Newborn twins have neither of the same level of imperillness during the term of birth, nor of same fisiological characteristics. Six weeks after being born and after clinical treatment, the children were found health and to domestic treatment.

[Significance of HLA antigen system investigation in children with malignant lymphoreticular diseases]. / Znacaj ispitivanja antigena HLA sistema u dece obolele od malignih limforetikulnih oboljenja.

These last few years investigations of the HLA system antigens in children with malignant lymphoreticular diseases have been considered as highly significant. The correlation between the frequency of the HLA system antigens and malignant diseases was studied in order to assess the influence of the immunoregulating and other HLA system genes on inclination toward these diseases, their etiology and epidemiology. The study included 50 children with various forms of lymphoreticular malignant neoplasms treated at the Children's University Hospital in Belgrade.

Possible genetic predisposition for alcohol addiction.

In a group of male addictive alcoholics, some palmar and fingerprint characteristics were determined, as well as the ABO, MN, Ss, Kell, Duffy, Lewis, and P blood groups, Rh and Hp phenotypes, HLA and Au antigens, immunoglobulins, blood sugar, cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, and karyotypes. In comparison with the normal population the alcoholics show increased occurrence of whorls and arches on the fingers, decrease in the total ridge count, sharpening of the atd angle, and separation of the lower from the upper transverse line. Genetic markers in the blood of alcoholics show different frequencies of A, Lewis a-b+, Lewis a-b-, Duffy a-, Duffy a+, SS, and M blood groups, CcD-ee, Hpl-1, Hp2-1 phenotypes, and HLA-5, HLA-7, w10, w16, and w5 antigens. These findings may be expected to lead soon to detection of the predisposition to the development of alcohol addiction caused by some genetic malformations.

[Analysis the incidence of HL-A-system antigen incidence in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. / Analiza ucestalosti antigena HLA sistema u dece obolele od akutne limfoblastne leukemije.

Correlation between some histocompatible antigens and leukemia has been described both in men and in experimental animals. In 1970 Walford found an exceptionally high association between the illness and antigens of the HLA system in children with acute leukemia who had long life duration. It is therefore supposed that these antigens should not be associated with predispositional factors of the illness, instead, they are more likely to have influence over the course of the illness itself. Consequently, the authors have examined 15 children of various age who had acute leukemia. All children were examined for all antigens of the first and second HLA system, as well as for ABO and Rh genotype. The patients' blood was also checked for existence of cytotoxic antigens. Frequency of certain antigens and haplotypes was found in both children and their parents so that a comparison with antigen and haplotype frequency was also made.

[Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-S-antibodies]. / Hemoliticka bolest novorodenceta uzrokovana anti-S antitelima.

In the serum of S-negative secundi para woman a specific anti-S agglutinin of the IgG type was identified. The same agglutinin was identified in the serum and on the eritrocytes of the newborn with sympthomes of a light Hemolytic disease. Exchange transfusion was not necessary. The anti-S described is an immune warm agglutinin showing the efect of dose and is discovered only by the Coombs technique.

[Anti-Bg(HL-A) antibodies]. / Anti Bg (HLA) antitela.

The presence of specific anti-Bg hemaggluttinine in the sera of four patients, is shown. All our patients with anti-Bg antibodies had the antigen B27 on the HLA complex present. Anti-Bg antibodies were prooved by the Coombs technique.

[Correlation between the frequency of HL-A antigens and antigens of the P system in the population of Serbia]. / Korelacija izmedu zastupljenosti HLA antigena i antigena p sistema eritrocitnih krvnih grupa u populaciji SR Srbije.

We studied the correlation between the antigens of the P system and the antigens and haplotypes of the HLA system in 334 nonrelated persons and 46 chosen families consisting of 166 members. On our material we found a distinct linear correlation between the antigens of the segregant serie A and especially of the segregant serie B and the P antigen of the blood groups. The correlation between the association of the antigens of series A and B and the antigens of the P system same as between the most frequent HLA haplotypes and the antigens of the P system, is also distinct. We described two cases of crossing over between the P and HLA system; the frequency of crossing over of 0,0435. We have confirmed the linkage between HLA and P and the likelihood that the genes are located on the same chromosome.

[Correlation between the presence of cytotoxic anti-HL-A antibodies in the clinical course of hemolytic disease of the newborn infant due to anti-Rh (D) or immune anti-A/B erythrocyte antibodies]. / Korelacija izmedu prisustva citotoksicnih anti-HL-A antitela i klinickog toka hemoliticke bolesti novorodencadi uzrokovane anti-Rh-(D) ili imunim anti-A/Beritrocitnim antitelima

In a retrospective study the simultaneous influence of catotoxic HL-A antibodies on the clinical course of 60 cases of infants affected by Haemolytic disease on the Newborn due to anti Rh (D) or immune anti A/B antibodies, is shown. In all cases the treatment was by exange transfusion. In the group of infants in whose cord blood anti HL-A antibodies were found Exange transfusion had a weak efect so that it had to be repeated in 96 per cent of cases. In the group of infants in whose cord blood anti HL-S antibodies were not found, Exange transfusion was repeated only in one case, that is 2,7 per cent. In a group of Rh isommunised mothers whose children were affected by Haemolytic disease of the Newborn, antt HL-A antibodies were found in 61,7 per cent while 80,5 per cnet of the antibodies passed through the placente. In a group of ABO isoimmunised mothers cytotoxic HL-A antibodies were found in 42,3 per cent, while 45,4 per cent passed through the placente. A significant difference in the number of leucocytes, limphocytes, platelets, term of birth, level of bilirubin, amount of haemoglobin and Apgar Score was not found between the group of newborn who in their cord blood had, besides the already present isoimmunhaemagllutinines, cytotoxic HL-A antibodies and the group of infants with no cytotoxic anti HL-A antibodies, present. Cytotoxic HL-A antibodies in a way, react with the "unmasked" erythrocyte membrane, increasing haemolysis, so that the therapeutic effect of Exange transfusion was discriminated.

[Up-to-date experiences of the Center for Tissue Typing of the Socialist Republic of Serbia]. / Dosadasnja iskustva rada centra za tipizaciju tkiva SR srbije

Phenotypic, genotypic and haplotypic frequency of HL-A antigens in our population was presented. Special attention to the significance of performed anti HL-A antibodies in the patients heamodialized, and to the typing of their families with aim of obtain the complete results for the list of patients. Waiting of renal transplantation the significance is appointed to the production of own specific anti HL-A test sera. The method of organized kidney transplantation either from living donors or cadaver was presented in our paper.

[Experiences at the Blood Transfusion Center of the Socialist Republic of Serbia in providing aimed transfusions]. / Iskustva zavoda za transfuziju krvi SRS u obezbedenju ciljanih transfuzija

The development of modern medicine causes the more and more needs of blood in providing the complete health care of the patients. The increased need can be satisfied only by the rational use of blood on the principle of selective transfusions. In this work our present possibilities are given, in the separations of certain blood components, their good and bad effects, as well as the indications for use in some pathological states.