THE STUDY OF VDR FOKI RS2228570 SNP IN AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease. A strong influence of genetic and epigenetic modifications has been demonstrated to take part in the development and progression of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The linkage between the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and several autoimmune disorders, including the AITD. In this article, we aim to investigate the Frequency of VDR Fokl (rs2228570) genotypes (CC, CT, TT) and alleles (C,T) in autoimmune thyroiditis. The investigation of VDR Fokl (rs2228570) was conducted on 150 samples (control (75 healthy women) and diseased women (75 diseased with autoimmune thyroiditis)) patients from the Adjara (Georgia) Population. It also examined some clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study population. Autoimmune thyroiditis's disease was diagnosed by measuring blood antibodies, determining the level of thyroperoxidase, and conducting an ultrasound examination. Anti-TPO and TSH were studied using the ELISA method. The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood. The polymerase chain reaction was evaluated to examine the VDR Fokl rs2228570 SNP polymorphism. According to VDR Fokl (rs2228570) genotypes (CC; CT, TT) frequency, in the control group, the Frequency of CC-genotype is 48%, CT-heterozygous genotype is 29.33%, and TT-genotype is 22.67%; in the diseased population, the Frequency of CC-genotype is 57.33%, CT-genotype is 34.67%, and TT-genotype is 8%. According to VDR Fokl (rs2228570) alleles (C, T), the Frequency of the C-allele is high, and the Frequency of the T-allele is low in both populations. The Frequency of the CC and CT genotypes of VDR Fokl (rs2228570) is high in the population with autoimmune thyroiditis compared to the control group; the TT genotype is relatively low in the population suffering from autoimmune thyroiditis; According to VDR Fokl (rs2228570) alleles (C, T), the Frequency of C-allele is high both population.

EVALUATION OF SOME LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH MORBID OBESITY AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY.

Obesity is a global challenge of the 21st century, both in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this article, we studied the effect of surgical treatment on glycemic indicators within morbid obesity patients, therefore assessing the glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in blood serum. Also, we evaluated the hormonal background associated with Obesity - by measuring the insulin level in patients. This study included 40 patients who underwent bariatric surgery in the period 2017-2021; the above laboratory parameters were assessed before and after surgery. The control group consisted of 40 patients with morbid Obesity planning bariatric surgery in the future. Thus, we investigated three groups: I - control group - 40 patients with morbid Obesity who planning bariatric surgery in the future, Group II - 40 patients with morbid Obesity immediately before bariatric surgery and group III - the same 40 patients as in the second group, but after bariatric surgery performed between 2017 and 2021. It should be noted that the glucose level is ⁓1.4 times higher in patients immediately before bariatric surgery (group II) compared to the control group (group I) and ⁓1.19 times lower in the postoperative period (group III) according to compared with the control group. The insulin level is ⁓1.4 times higher in patients immediately before bariatric surgery (group II) compared to the control group (p=0.0066) and ⁓2.5 times lower in the postoperative period (group III) compared to the control group (p=0.0001). According to the results, the insulin level after surgery decreases by ⁓3.7 times compared to the preoperative group (p=0.0001). The glycated hemoglobin level in bariatric patients is lower (slightly) than in the control group (⁓1.01 times), which is explained by the preoperative preparation of the patient at least several months before surgery. In postoperative patients, it decreased by ⁓1.06 times compared to preoperative patients. Thus, today, bariatric surgery is undoubtedly a very effective method of radical treatment of morbid Obesity, which we can consider to be one of the most essential parts of the holistic model of obesity treatment.

[STATE OF HUMAN RESOURCING FOR OUTPATIENT-AND-POLYCLINIC INSTITUTIONS CONDUCTING MEDICAL INSPECTIONS OF THE POPULATION].

The article presents data related to research on the staffing situation of outpatient-and-polyclinic institutions in Western Kazakhstan, conducting medical examinations of the population. The personnel supply and activity of 58 medical institutions of Aktobe, Atyrau, West Kazakhstan regions for 2013-2016 are analyzed. The low availability of outpatient-and-polyclinic institutions by medical personnel of narrow specialties is established. At the same time, there is a tendency to improve the availability of medical personnel for the period under study. The most prosperous situation is in the city of Aktobe.

[Clinical value of changes in red blood cell ultrastructure and energy metabolism in children with cystic fibrosis].

In 42 patients of various age (from 1 month to 14 years) with cystic fibrosis were analyzed ultra structure, level of adenylnucleotides and activity ATP-ase of erythrocytes, in order to characterize their membrane and energy metabolism. The studies revealed the changes in erythrocytes in the cases of cystic fibrosis. In the cases of broncho pulmonary form of cystic fibrosis were detected I and II row echinocytes, cone-shaped erythrocytes, also erythrocytes with reach-through hole in center. At mixed form of cystic fibrosis were detected more changes in erythrocytes than in other forms of this disease. Both cone-shaped erythrocytes were more than in other forms of cystic fibrosis. Also there were detected erythrocytes with holes (round, polygonal) in their center. The results of the study provide a more precise diagnosis, in time correction of disorders and a comprehensive assessment of multiple-modality treatment of cystic fibrosis.

[Prevalence of minimal thyroid deficiency (subclinical hypothyreosis) and subclinical thireotoxicosis among females of average and elderly ages who hadn't been examined before].

Adjara is a region in Georgia with high level at iodine deficiency. The research has been carried out to find subclinical dysfunctions of thyroid gland in women older than 40 years whose thyroid state hadn't been examined before. From 1998 to 2004 583 women aged 40-78 had been examined. Primary examination was done by different specialists. All women were tested on thyreotropic hormone (TSH) by means of immunodiagnostic unit "Digiscan SD-1000" (Austria). Examination of thyroid gland on the unit Philips SD-800 was done to estimate the volume and echological structure. The patients with raised level of TSH (more than 4,1) and lowered level of TSH (less 0,3) had undergone additional testing on free T4 and titers of antibodies to thyreoglobulin and thyreoperoxidase. All patients were divided according to their age. The 1st group n=289 from 40 to 55 (average age 44+/-1,3) and the 2nd group n=294 from 56 to 78 (average age 61,5+/-2,3). High frequency of subclinical hypothyreosis has been found in women from the first group 7,9 % as well as in the second group--17,7 %. Higher frequency of subclinical hypothyreosis was associated with the older age (p<0,001). In the first group the level of subclinical thyreotoxicosis was lower- 2,2 % and in the second group- 4,1 %. Higher frequency of subclinical hypothyreosis was associated with the older age as well.