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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(4)2021 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33546122

RESUMO

Radiotherapy (RT) has a central role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. Targeted therapies modulating DNA damage response (DDR) and more specific cell cycle checkpoints can improve the radiotherapeutic response. Here, we assessed the influence of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) inhibition with the ATR inhibitor AZD6738 on RT response in both human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC. We found that ATR inhibition enhanced RT response in HPV-negative and HPV-positive cell lines independent of HPV status. The radiosensitizing effect of AZD6738 was correlated with checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-mediated abrogation of G2/M-arrest. This resulted in the inhibition of RT-induced DNA repair and in an increase in the percentage of micronucleated cells. We validated the enhanced RT response in HPV-negative and HPV-positive xenograft models. These data demonstrate the potential use of ATR inhibition in combination with RT as a treatment option for both HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC patients.


Assuntos
Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Sulfóxidos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Reparo do DNA , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/complicações , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Humanos , Indóis , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Morfolinas , Fotoquimioterapia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Radiossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Radiossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Sulfonamidas , Sulfóxidos/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
2.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 16208, 2020 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33004905

RESUMO

Radiotherapy has a central role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway can decrease the efficiency of radiotherapy via the promotion of cell survival and DNA repair. Here, the influence of PI3K pathway inhibition on radiotherapy response was investigated. Two PI3K inhibitors were investigated and both BKM120 and GDC0980 effectively inhibited cellular and clonogenic growth in 6 HNSCC cells, both HPV-positive as well as HPV-negative. Despite targeted inhibition of the pathway and slight increase in DNA damage, PI3K inhibition did not show significant radiosensitization. Currently only one clinical trial is assessing the effectiveness of combining BKM120 with RT in HNSCC (NCT02113878) of which the results are eagerly awaited.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/química , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase/farmacologia , Tolerância a Radiação/efeitos dos fármacos , Radiossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Humanos , Transdução de Sinais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
3.
Int J Cancer ; 146(4): 1075-1085, 2020 02 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31283004

RESUMO

Radiotherapy is one of the most used treatment approaches for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Targeted inhibition of DNA repair machinery has the potential to improve treatment response by tailoring treatment to cancer cells lacking specific DNA repair pathways. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative and HPV-positive HNSCCs respond differently to radiotherapy treatment, suggesting that different approaches of DNA repair inhibition should be employed for these HNSCC groups. Here, we searched for optimal radiosensitization approaches for HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs by performing a targeted CRISPR-Cas9 screen. We found that inhibition of base excision repair resulted in a better radiotherapy response in HPV-positive HNSCC, which is correlated with upregulation of genes involved in base excision repair. In contrast, inhibition of nonhomologous end-joining and mismatch repair showed strong effects in both HNSCC groups. We validated the screen results by combining radiotherapy with targeted inhibition of DNA repair in several preclinical models including primary and recurrent patient-derived HNSCC xenografts. These findings underline the importance of stratifying HNSCC patients for combination treatments.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/terapia , Radiossensibilizantes/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Animais , Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Cromonas/administração & dosagem , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA/efeitos da radiação , Reparo do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Reparo do DNA/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morfolinas/administração & dosagem , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/virologia , Papillomaviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/patologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/virologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
4.
Oncotarget ; 8(46): 81662-81678, 2017 Oct 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29113422

RESUMO

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and despite advances in treatment over the last years, there is still a relapse rate of 50%. New therapeutic agents are awaited to increase the survival of patients. DNA repair targeted agents in combination with standard DNA damaging therapies are a recent evolution in cancer treatment. These agents focus on the DNA damage repair pathways in cancer cells, which are often involved in therapeutic resistance. Interesting targets to overcome these cancer defense mechanisms are: PARP, DNA-PK, PI3K, ATM, ATR, CHK1/2, and WEE1 inhibitors. The application of DNA targeted agents in head and neck squamous cell cancer showed promising preclinical results which are translated to multiple ongoing clinical trials, although no FDA approval has emerged yet. Biomarkers are necessary to select the patients that can benefit the most from this treatment, although adequate biomarkers are limited and validation is needed to predict therapeutic response.

5.
Mol Cancer ; 16(1): 113, 2017 06 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28662664

RESUMO

Several studies show that human papillomavirus (HPV) positive head and neck cancers (HNSCC) are typically characterized by low tumor and high regional node stages, intrinsically indicating high local metastatic potential. Despite this, the distant metastasis rates of HPV positive and negative HNSCC are similar. To date, majority of the studies focus on molecular characterization of HPV positive disease and on treatment outcome. Here we assessed the biological mechanisms of metastasis by combining in vitro and in vivo head and neck carcinoma xenograft models with patient data. We provide experimental evidence for a dual role of p16, a surrogate marker for HPV infections, in the metastasis process of HNSCC. We found that p16 regulates the invasiveness and metastatic potential of HNSCC cells by impairing angiogenesis. In parallel, we found that p16 is regulating the nodal spread by mediating lymphatic vessel formation through the upregulation of integrins. These findings not only provide understanding of the biology of the different dissemination patterns but also suggest that inhibition of lymphangiogenesis in HPV positive cancers and inhibition of angiogenesis in HPV negative cancers can form a treatment strategy against metastasis.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Papillomaviridae/fisiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/irrigação sanguínea , Movimento Celular , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/irrigação sanguínea , Humanos , Linfangiogênese , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo
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