Association of chorioamnionitis and its duration with adverse maternal outcomes by mode of delivery: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of chorioamnionitis and its duration with adverse maternal outcomes by mode of delivery. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Data from the Consortium on Safe Labor Study in the USA (2002-2008). POPULATION: Singleton deliveries at ≥23 weeks of gestation (221 274 assessed deliveries, 62 331 by caesarean section). METHODS: The association of chorioamnionitis, and secondarily the duration of chorioamnionitis estimated from intrapartum antibiotic use, with adverse maternal outcomes was analysed using logistic regression with generalised estimating equations, adjusting for age, parity, race, pregestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, gestational age at delivery, study site and delivery year. Analyses were stratified by vaginal versus caesarean delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The composite adverse maternal outcome included: postpartum transfusion, endometritis, wound/perineal infection/separation, venous thromboembolism, hysterectomy, admission to intensive care unit and/or death. RESULTS: Chorioamnionitis was associated with higher odds of the composite adverse maternal outcome with caesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio 2.31; 95% CI 1.97-2.71); and the association persisted regardless of whether a woman had a trial of labour, preterm delivery or maternal group B streptococcus colonisation. The most common adverse outcomes after caesarean section were postpartum transfusion (56.0%) and wound/perineal infection or endometritis (38.6%). Chorioamnionitis was not associated with adverse maternal outcomes after vaginal delivery. The duration of chorioamnionitis as the exposure did not alter the association between chorioamnionitis and adverse maternal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Chorioamnionitis, but not the estimated duration, was associated with increased odds of adverse maternal outcomes with caesarean delivery. This finding has implications for care programmes to prevent maternal morbidity after a caesarean section complicated by chorioamnionitis. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Chorioamnionitis, but not its duration, increases the risk of adverse maternal outcomes with caesarean delivery.

Predicting failure of glyburide therapy in gestational diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to develop a prediction model to identify women with gestational diabetes (GDM) who require insulin to achieve glycemic control. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort of all singletons with GDM treated with glyburide from 2007 to 2013. Glyburide failure was defined as reaching glyburide 20 mg day(-1) and receiving insulin. Glyburide success was defined as any glyburide dose without insulin and >70% of visits with glycemic control. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to create a prediction model. RESULT: Of the 360 women, 63 (17.5%) qualified as glyburide failure and 157 (43.6%) as glyburide success. The final prediction model for glyburide failure included prior GDM, GDM diagnosis ⩽26 weeks, 1-h glucose challenge test ⩾228 mg dl(-1), 3-h glucose tolerance test 1-h value ⩾221 mg dl(-1), ⩾7 postprandial blood sugars >120 mg dl(-1) in the week glyburide started and ⩾1 blood sugar >200 mg dl(-1). The model accurately classified 81% of subjects. CONCLUSION: Women with GDM who will require insulin can be identified at the initiation of pharmacological therapy.