[Breast hormones--regulators of energy homeostasis: growth of infants].

Studied the possible relationship between the growth rate of children who are breastfed, and the level of protein, fat, insulin-like growth factor- 1 (IGF-1), ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin in breast milk. Examined 71 pair--a mother and a healthy child, who is breastfed. All infants were divided into 3 groups: low, normal and high weight gain. Daily breast milk intake, the level of fat, protein and hormones proteins regulators of energy homeostasis (adiponectin, grelin, IGF-1 and leptin) in breast milk were measured at 1, 2 and 3 months of lactation. It was found that daily breast milk consumption was higher in the group of infants with high weight gain and the content of protein and fat in it did not differ in three groups. Total daily consumption of protein and fat with breast milk was higher in groups of infants with high weight gain. There was significantly higher IGF-1 level and the tendency to higher grelin level in breast milk of mothers of infants with higher weight gain. The possible link of breast milk hormones with growth velocity of breast-fed infants is discussed.

[Nutrition and nutritional status in infants and children of early years of life in Russian Federation].

The study of the nutrition and the nutritional status children of the first year age and children earliest age were conducted on nationally representative surveys (2500 children, 2-24 months) the Institute of Nutrition, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences with the Institute of Sociology Russian of Academy of Sciences, Gerber Product Company and Nestle Company in 2006. The level the frequency of breast feeding had among children 1 m.--80%, 2-4 m.--70%, 4-6 m.--60%. The lowest body mass Z-scores were registered 0.5-5.0% among of children, the tendency of obesity increase in the age were registered from 1.6 to 13% of children. Calculations of chemical composition and energy value of actual nutrition have show according to the values requirements.

[Contents of vitamins A, E and beta-carotene in human milk depending on the character of maternal nutrition]. / Soderzhanie vitaminov A, E, beta-karotina v zhenskom moloke v zavisimosti ot kharaktera pitaniia materi.

The content of vitamins A, E and beta-carotene was studied in 26 samples of breast milk obtained in Estonia (20 samples) and Yakutia (6 samples). The questionnaire survey was used to determine the level of these vitamins in the ration of the women. At the early stages of lactation (3-7 days), in 13 samples of milk the content of vitamin A was 0.11 (0.04-0.3), vitamin E--1.44 (0.74-3.48), beta-carotene--0.024 (0-0.07) mg/100 ml. In the mature milk (1.5-9 months) the content of vitamin A comprised 0.049 (0.018-0.160), vitamin E--0.31 (0.07-1.06) mg/100 ml. It has been shown that the content of the vitamins studied in the milk depends not only on their level in the mother's ration but also on the balance of other components (protein, fat, carbohydrates) in the woman's ration.

[Various factors leading to development of food allergies during breast feeding]. / Nekotorye faktory, privodiashchie k razvitiiu allergicheskikh reaktsii pishchevogo geneza na grudnom vskarmlivanii.

As many as 50 lactating mothers and their children on breast feeding were placed under observation. A study was made of risk factors and criteria for predicting the development of food allergy in children. The risk group was distinguished on the basis of the presence in children of hereditary predisposition and the IgE level in the funic blood if it exceeded 0.3 kU/l. In breast-fed children with allergic manifestations, the levels of IgE in the funic blood were significantly increased, namely up to 0.61 +/- 0.19 kU/1 (0.15 +/- 0.03 in healthy children of the control group); in coprofiltrates, the IgE level was up to 0.59 +/- 0.24 kU/l (0.09 +/- 0.03 in controls). In the funic blood of allergic children, antibodies against ovalbumin of the chicken egg were mostly demonstrable. In the milk of mothers having breast-fed allergic children, the content of antigenic ovalbumin was increased up to 38 +/- 14 ng/ml (16 +/- 2 ng/ml in controls).