[The protective role of postvaccinal immunity in mumps in children]. / Protektivnaia rol' postvaktsinal'nogo immuniteta pri parotite u detei.

The immunological study of children with infectious parotitis (IP) without complications and with such complications as pancreatitis, meningitis or orchitis in the glandular form was carried out. In accordance with the previously proposed principle, 4 types of immune response (IR) were established on the basis of differences in initial resistance and the IR profile: cell-mediated immunity (types I and III) and humoral immunity (types II and IV). The patients included nonvaccinated children, as well as children vaccinated on epidemic indications, 3-6, 7-9, 10 and more years before infection. The comparative analysis of the number of IP cases with and without complications in the groups of children, divided according to their immunization history and the type of IR, revealed that postvaccinal immunity in children vaccinated on epidemic indications (less than a month ago) or 3-6 years before infection had protective potential, sufficient for the prevention of complicated forms of IP. Immunity obtained 7-9 years ago was effective for the protection from IP complications only in cell-mediated, but not humoral IR. Postvaccinal immunity obtained more than 10 years ago did not ensure the decrease in the occurrence of complicated forms of IP (in comparison with that in nonvaccinated patients) in children with any type of IR.

[Variants of immune response in children with acute respiratory viral infections]. / Varianty immunnogo otveta pri ostrykh respiratorno-virusnykh infektsiiakh u detei.

Four patterns of changes in the proliferative activity of T-lymphocytes in the lymphocyte blastogenesis test with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) are distinguished in children with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). The differences between these patterns are due to aggravated clinical severity of the infection process and enhancement of the cytokine reaction of macrophage monocytes. Comparison of immunological characteristics of response to ARVI in 4 groups of children showed that high reactivity of T-lymphocytes during the acute phase of disease (first and third variants) correlated with a relatively weak production of immunoglobulins and antiviral antibodies, while the suppression of T-lymphocyte response to PHA (second and fourth variants) is associated with expressed humoral profile of immune response by the level of immunoglobulin and antiviral antibody production. These data permit a hypothesis about the predominant generation of T x 1-like clones in children with the first and third variants of immune response and of T x 2-like clones in children with the second and fourth variants.

[Variants of the immune response in the dynamics of the localized form of stomatopharyngeal diphtheria in children]. / Varianty immunnogo otveta v dinamike lokalizovannoi formy difterii rotoglotki u detei.

4 variants of immune response (IR) have been identified according to the dynamics of the development of nonspecific immunosuppression as determined in the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation to phytohemagglutinin. These variants, characterized by a rise in the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, immunoglobulins of 4 classes, are linked with the increased risk of the development of clinically pronounced forms (CPF) of diphtheria. The antigen-specific profile of each of these variants (types) of IR has been studied. Proofs of the fact that each type of IR has definite critical mechanisms of immune protection, contributing to the prevention of CPF of diphtheria, are presented. Treatment with antitoxic antidiphtheria serum produces different effect in 4 types of IR as it acts on different mechanisms of IR.

[The effect of specific trophoblastic beta 1-glycoprotein on changes in the cellular link of immunity in infected abortion]. / Vliianie spetsificheskogo trofoblasticheskogo beta 1-glikoproteida na izmenenie kletochnogo zvena immuniteta pri infitsirovannom aborte.

Effects of specific trophoblastic beta-1-glycoprotein (TBG) on T- and B-cell immunity have been explored in 107 patients with purulent septic complications of abortion. TBG showed a marked suppressor effect on T lymphocytes. Persistence of TBG in blood of patients with infection complicated abortion maintains immunodeficient states. The presence of TBG in serum may increase the risk of severe septic complications of illegal abortion.

PIP: The immunosuppressive activity of trophoblastic beta 1-glycoprotein (TBG) was studied in 107 patients with septic complications of induced abortion. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 46 women with local septic complications, and Group 2 included 61 women with generalized complications. Healthy pregnant women were used as controls. The patients were examined immediately after admission to the hospital and 5-8 days later. The functional state of cellular immunity was evaluated by the county of T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, by lymphocyte transformation induced by phytohemagglutinin, and by the index of lymphocyte stimulation. Inhibition of cellular immunity in patients with septic complications was found to depend on the presence of TBG in the peripheral blood. In patients in Group 1, total lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the patients with the presence of TBG, compared with that in the patients in whom TBG was absent (0.53x10(9) and 1.06x10(9), respectively). Similar decline was observed in patients with generalized septic complications (Group 2). In patients with septic complications of induced abortion regardless of their severity, the indices of reaction of spontaneous blast transformation were close to those in healthy pregnancy women only in an absence of TBG. The patients with circulating TBG showed inhibition of reaction of blast transformation. The index of lymphocyte stimulation was also inhibited in the presence of TBG (32.8 in Group 1, 22.0 in Group 2 and 60.0 in health pregnant women; in the absence of TBG, the index of lymphocyte stimulation in Groups 1 and 2 was 42.1 and 28.8, respectively.

[A method of studying the initial regulatory activity of blood cells in lymphocyte transformation reaction]. / Metod izucheniia iskhodnoi reguliatornoi aktivnosti kletok krovi v reaktsii blasttransformatsii limfotsitov.

The authors suggest a simple method for studying the lymphocyte blastogenesis (LBG) regulation in whole blood culture, consisting in preincubation of a part of the material and comparison of the results in two variants of the experiment: upon immediate mitogen stimulation and stimulated in 24 hrs after pre-cultivation. LBG activation or suppression is established from the value of the preincubation index.

[Nonspecific protection and specific immunity in various clinical forms of mumps virus infection in children]. / Sostoianie nespetsificheskoi zashchity i spetsificheskogo immuniteta pri razlichnykh klinicheskikh formakh parotitno-virusnoi infektsii u detei.

The time course of specific antibody production, interferon production in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and the capacity of blood cells for interferon production were compared in 270 children with glandular and neuroglandular forms of mumps virus infection (MVI). A significant decrease of antibody production in neuroglandular form of MVI and lower interferon titres in the blood in the acute period of this form of infection were noted. The severity of the course of meningitis was inversely related to interferon levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In aseptic meningitis, the capacity of blood leukocytes for interferon production upon their repeated contact with mumps virus was disturbed while interferon synthesis induced by other interferon inducers (polyI: polyC) did not change. In patients with neuroglandular form of MVI having low interferon titres, high monocytosis in the blood was observed at the period of meningitis symptoms onset. Superimposition of acute respiratory virus infections in MVI leads to more severe course of meningitis with prolongation of meningeal symptoms and of the period required for the elimination of pathogenic agents from the cerebrospinal fluid.

[Effect of a number of preparations on the function of the immune system in experimental influenza in mice]. / Vliianie riada preparatov na sostoianie immunoi sistemy pri éksperimental'nom grippe u myshei.

(CBA X C57B1) X F1 mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with sheep erythrocytes and infected with influenza A viruses: nonpathogenic Leningrad-77 (H1N1) or pathogenic PR8 (HON1), before or five days after administration into the oesophagus of sodium succinate, levamisole, complexes I (panangin, sodium succinate, sodium glutamate) and 2 (lipoic acid, phosphothyamine, riboflavin, sodium pantothenate). The number of rosette-forming cells (RFC) in the spleen at 7 and 14 days postinfection, antibody titres, interferon level in the blood, the amount of virus in the lungs, spleen and lung morphology were studied. All the preparations used were found to increase the number of RFC in the spleen. Most effective were levamisole before infection, sodium succinate after infection, combination thereof, complex I after infection.

[Chromosomal aberrations induced by thio-TEPA in cells of malignant ovarian tumors in humans]. / Khromosomnye aberratsii, vyzvannye tioTEF v kletkakh zlokachestvennykh opukholei iaichnikov cheloveka

Chromosome abberations in cells of 4 ovarian cancer patients have been studied prior to and during the treatment with ThioTEPA. ThioTEPA was injected intraperitoneally once a week in a dose of 40 mg. The amount of abberant cells prior to the therapy averaged 7.8%. 14 days following the treatment the amount of cells with chromosome abberations reached its peak (88.6%). By the 21st day of ThioTEPA treatment, when a total dose of the drug was 120 mg, the number of cells with abberations rapidly decreased, and by the 28-35th day of treatment there was a fall up to the initial values. ThioTEPA induced in tumor cells chiefly abberations of chromatoid type that evidenced the injury of cells in a phase G2 of the cellular cycle. A decrease in the number of chromosome abberations in tumor cells during the treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs is a morphological indication of the appearance of drug resistance.