[Obesity and oral health: risk factors of obese patients in dental practice]. / Obésité et santé bucco-dentaire: spécificités du patient obèse au cabinet dentaire.

For 20 years, on a worldwide scale, the prevalence of obesity has always progressed as well in child as in adult. Obesity is frequently associated with other pathologies: cardiovascular, oncologic, systemic (diabetes) or oral. In this situation, the follow-up of obesity and its co morbidity needs a multidisciplinary approach. Obesity and oral health pathologies have risk factors in common, particularly dietary one. Indeed, it is established that food affects oral health. In the same way, an unbalanced diet raises the risk of overweight or obesity. Thereby, owing to these inter relations, the World Health Organization advocates to insert oral health in the Program for Global Health. First, this study presents the factors of risks that obesity and oral health diseases have in common. After, the risks and the specificity of the care of obese patients are outlined. Consecutively, a program of prevention and education of oral health is proposed.

Assessment of potassium and sodium ion concentrations in the vitreous humour of swine isolated eyeballs after organism death.

Potassium and sodium ion concentrations were estimated by the flame photometry and potentiometry in the vitreous fluid of isolated porcine eyeballs at time of death and of eyeballs, stored at temperature of 6-8 degrees C during post-mortem intervals: 4, 28, 52, 75, 100, 124 and 148 hours. The increase of K+ concentration and decrease of Na+ concentration were proportional to the increasing post-mortem time intervals. The results of the potentiometric measurements of K+ and sodium ion concentrations were significantly lower, as compared to those after flame photometry. In all the vitreous fluid smears after 124 and 148 hours, gram (-) bacteria were found. Our results suggest that bacterial infection participates in the variability of K+ levels. The influence of bacterial infection on the margin of error for the K+ post-mortem test remains unanswered and needs further studies.

The assessment of post mortem structural changes in the human epidermis.

The structure of epidermis and appearance of keratinocytes is described in intact skin specimens from human corpses stored after death under refrigeration. Two groups of alterations can be identified depending on the epidermal layer. In the spinous layer, the cells are characterized by crescent-shaped nuclei surrounded by a hollow area. The number of such cells increases significantly each day during the first 8 days post mortem (dpm), and their frequencies follow respective regression equations, so as to enable the post mortem time estimation with one day accuracy. In the basal layer, distorted, balloon-shaped cells with pycnotic nuclei appear, which with the lapse of time are forming groups, and eventually the epidermis in those places separates from the dermis. The presence of both described changes seems to indicate whether the skin sample was obtained from the living organism or after the death.

The effects of unilateral and bilateral neurectomy of inferior alveolar nerves on the frequency of PCNA-positive keratinocytes in basal layer of gingival epithelium in Lewis rats.

The aim of our study was to establish the role of sensory denervation on gingival epithelium proliferation. We investigated the effect of unilateral (right side) and bilateral neurectomy of inferior alveolar nerve on PCNA-positive (PCNA+) cell frequences in the basal layer of gingival epithelium in male Lewis rats. The samples were taken in each group both from left and right side of gingiva, and the PCNA+ cells were counted separately in the epithelium from both sides in all groups. The results of our study indicate that the proliferation of gingival epithelium, expressed as percentage of PCNA+ nuclei of basal layer keratinocytes of gingival squamous epithelium, is better correlated with the trauma than with denervation.

Mast cell distribution and density in Lewis rat gingiva after bilateral neurectomy of inferior alveolar nerves.

The effect of uni- and bilateral neurectomy of inferior alveolar nerve on mast cell (MC) density and topography were studied in Lewis rat gingival mucosa. The results were compared with unilateral sham operation effects. The samples were taken in each group both form left and right side of gingiva, MC were revealed by pinacyanol erythrosinate and counted in connective tissue adjacent to the basal membrane of gingival epithelium. MC were insensitive to sham operation and the differences were noted only in MC density after unilateral neurectomy between both sides of gingiva, and in distribution between the control and left side after bilateral neurectomy. The results suggests that neurectomy and sham operation trauma after 3 weeks have limited effect on mast cell density and distribution.

Topographical and quantitative post mortem assessment of the rat skin mast cells.

Rat skin mast cell (MC) number and density change due to the postmortem storage of the material at 6-8 degrees C during a 19-day period. Both the number and the density of the MC in the 200 microm thick subepidermal layer decreased with the square of the time (p > or = 0.99). The count and the density may be used interchangeably in topographic studies of the rat MC.

The assessment of post mortem PCNA+ cell frequency in the rat epidermis.

PCNA-positive nuclei (nPCNA+) in the basal layer of rat epidermis were assessed in the period of 0-19 days after death. The PCNA+ nuclei were present in this layer up to 12th day. The decrease in PCNA+ nuclei ratio was highly correlated with the time and followed the equation y = a + b square root(x) (y = nPCNA fraction, x = time post mortem).