Electrical stimulation structurally affects the tissues of the rectum and anus of nulliparous rats.

Considering that the muscles of the anus perform a critical role in maintaining continence, losses in their structure can negatively affect the physiological control of the intestinal contents. Anorectal electro-stimulation (ARES) has been reported to have a positive effect on the functionality of treated patients, but how ARES affects the structural tissues of the anorectal segment remains unknown. Because the study of how ARES structurally affects human tissues is not possible, this study aimed to clarify these effects in a murine model, which has a similar anorectal segment (structure and physiology) to humans. For the descriptive and comparative study, randomly selected nulliparous adult Wistar rats (n = 5) were submitted to 30 anorectal sessions of ARES with a biphasic current (700 µs, 50 Hz from 2 to 4 mA). After treatment, the animals were euthanized, and the anorectal segments were dissected and processed for histopathological analysis. Our results showed that ARES increased the widths of the mucosal, submucosal and muscle layers of the rectum, as well as the number of leukocytes in the mucosa. ARES also caused hyperplasia of the smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter and hypertrophy of the external anal sphincter muscle. In conclusion, our results showed that ARES had not only a positive effect on the structure (morphology) of all tissues associated with the rectum and anus but, more importantly, on the structural gain of the muscles (hyperplasia and hypertrophy), which could point to a functional gain of the anal sphincter, reinforcing the applicability of ARES as a non-invasive treatment for anal incontinence.

Bone mineral density and respiratory muscle strength in male individuals with mental retardation (with and without Down Syndrome).

The purpose of this study was to assess the respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in individuals with mental retardation (MR), with or without Down Syndrome (DS), and its association with bone mineral density (BMD). Forty-five male individuals (15 with DS, 15 with mental retardation (MR) and 15 apparently healthy controls), aged 20-35, participated in this study. Subject assessment included pulmonary function tests, RMS (maximal inspiratory pressure, MIP, and maximal expiratory pressure, MEP) and BMD of the second and fourth lumbar vertebrae. ANOVA was used to test differences amongst groups. Tukey post hoc test was utilized when significant differences were detected with ANOVA. Bivariate correlation for BMD and respiratory muscle strength was calculated with Pearson's coefficient of correlation. Individuals with MR, both with and without DS, have lower FEV1, FVC, MIP and MEP (p<0.001) compared to controls. Individuals with DS also had lower BMD, which was associated with lower MIP and MEP. Hypotonia, sedentary lifestyle and obesity are factors that may explain lower MIP and MEP in DS. Strategies to increase RMS could decrease the risk of osteoporosis in the DS population.

Avaliação da força de preensão palmar em atletas de jiu-jitsu de nível competitivo / Evaluation of the palmar grip strength in jiu-jitsu athletes in competitive level

Trata-se de um estudo de caráter analítico transversal, cujo objetivo foi avaliar a força de preensão palmar em atletas de jiu-jitsu de nível competitivo, no intuito de estabelecer uma escala de funcionalidade para esta população, visto que há um aumento crescente do número de praticantes. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 100 indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade compreendida entre 20 e 30 anos, dos quais 50 formaram o grupo de atletas (GA) e 50 o grupo controle (GC). O instrumento utilizado no estudo foi dinamômetro JAMAR. Com relação à média da força de preensão obtida nos grupos estudados, observou-se que houve predomínio significativo (p<0,05) no GA em relação ao GC apenas para a mão esquerda, e que no primeiro houve uma tendência ao aumento da força ao longo das medidas, enquanto que no segundo esta tendência se inverteu. Concluiu-se que atletas de jiu-jitsu não apresentam valores elevados de força de preensão palmar, sendo que a prática do esporte sugere que ocorrem alterações fisiológicas que se caracterizam pelo aumento da capacidade de resistência nesse movimento. Os resultados obtidos devem ser considerados como indicativo de força para a reabilitação da função manual do atleta de jiu-jitsu.

It is a transversal and analytical study, whose objective was to evaluate the palmar grip strength in jiu-jitsu athletes in competitive level, with the purpose of establishing a functionality range for this population, considering that the number of athletes has been increasing. The subjects of the research were 100 individuals from the masculine gender divided in two groups (CG and GA) with age between 20 and 30 years. The group of athletes (GA) had 50 subjects and the control group (CG) had 50 subjects. The instrumental used in the study was the dynamometer JAMAR. Regarding the average of the prehension strength recorded in the study groups, there was a significant predominance (p<0,05) in the GA in comparison to the GC only for the left hand. In the first group, there was a trend of a increasing the strength as the measurement were taken, while in the second one, this trend was reverted. We concluded that jiu-jitsu athletes do not present high values of palmar grip strength, being that the jiu-jitsu practice suggests that occur physiological causes alterations characterized by the increase of the ability of resistance in the movement of prehension. The results obtained must be considered as an indication of strength for rehabilitating the manual function of the Jiu-Jitsu athlete.Keywords – Leadership, soccer, coaching.

Percepçao subjetiva do esforço em individuaos hipertensos e normotensos durante a execuçao do teste ergometrico / Subjective perception of the effort in hypertensive and normotensive individuals during ergometric test

Analisar a percepçao subjetiva do esforço em individuos hipertensos e normotensos do Distrito Federal, diante de estresse fisico, teste de esforço em esteira ergometrica(Protocolo de Bruce), utilizando a escala de Borg como medida quantitativa. Delineamento da investigaçao: estudo analitico transversal. Local de realizaçao: Setor de Hemodinamica do Hospital Anchieta, Taguatinga-DF. Amostra: 55 individuos comidade entre 42 e 60 anos do setor de Hemodinamica, foram divididos em dois grupos, hipertensos e normotensos, segundo criterio dod valores da pressao arterial sistolica e diastolica(PAS e PAD)em repouso e da indicaçao medica para o teste de esforço.Resultado: Analisando as pórcentagens de frequencia cardiaca maxima de reserva durante o teste ergometrico nao foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas da percepçao entre os grupos (p>0,05) nos estagios, anterior e posterior á exaustao fisica e a variaçao da PA apresentou correlaçao alta entre os grupos,(r=0,99) para PAS e PAD nos estagios repouso, esforço fisico maximo, anterior e posterior á exaustao fisica. Conclusoes: A hipertensao arterial nao é um fator gerador de alteraçoes que possam distorcer a percepçao do esforço.

Abordagem cinesiológica do chute no futsal e suas implicações clínicas / Kinesiologic aproach of the kick in indor soccer and your clinic implications

O futsal é uma modalidade esportiva onde a movimentação em quadra requer súbita aceleração e desaceleração com brusca mudança de direção, expondo as estruturas osteomioarticulares de seus praticantes a grandes impactos, aumentando o risco de lesão. O chute é um dos seus principais fundamentos. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar, através de análise cinesiológica e anátomo-funcional as estruturas envolvidas nesse fundamento bem como fazer considerações a respeito das principais implicações clínicas decorrentes. Para tal optou-se por dividir o chute em quatro fases ou etapas e analisa-las separadamente: aproximação, preparação, execução e desaceleração. As lesões foram classificadas em musculotendíneas, articulares e ósseas de acordo com as estruturas envolvidas. Os autores concluíram que: por ser o futsal um esporte de grande impacto, requer condicionamento físico adequado e infra-estrutura apropriada; o chute é uma sucessão de movimentos complexos, resultantes da harmonia articular do tronco e membros inferiores, com suas diferentes fases exigindo variados movimentos, principalmente das articulações destes últimos, que favorecem a precisão e potência deste fundamento; a abordagem cinesiológica do chute é fundamental para que a equipe multidisciplinar se prepare para atuar diante de eventuais implicações clínicas.

The indoor soccer is a sport modality where the movement in block requests sudden acceleration and stops with abrupt direction change, exposing the bones muscles and joint structures of its players to high impacts and increasing the lesion risks. The kick is one of its main foundations. The objective of the study was to analyze, through kinesiological and anatomy-physiological analysis of the structures used in kicking, as well as to elaborate considerations regarding the main clinical implications involved. Thus, it was chosen to divide the kick in four phases or stages and analyze them separately: approach, preparation, execution and power reduction. The lesions were classified in muscletendinous, joints and bony, depending on the involved structures. The authors reached the conclusion that: once indoor soccer is a high impact sport, it requests appropriate physical conditioning and infrastructure; the kick is a succession of complex movements resulting from the harmony between the articulation of the trunk with the lower extremity and its different phases request various movements, mainly of the articulations of the latter, propitiating the precision and power of this foundation; the kinesiological approach of a kick is essential for the multi-professional team in being prepared to act in the event of clinical implications.