Experimentally-evidenced personality alterations following meningioma resection: A case report.

Personality changes following neurosurgical procedures remain poorly understood and pose a major concern for patients, rendering a strong need for predictive biomarkers. Here we report a case of a female patient in her 40s who underwent resection of a large sagittal sinus meningioma with bilateral extension, including resection and ligation of the superior sagittal sinus, that resulted in borderline personality disorder. Importantly, we captured clinically-observed personality changes in a series of experiments assessing self-other voice discrimination, one of the experimental markers for self-consciousness. In all experiments, the patient consistently confused self- and other voices - i.e., she misattributed other-voice stimuli to herself and self-voice stimuli to others. Moreover, the electroencephalogram (EEG) microstate, that was in healthy participants observed when hearing their own voice, in this patient occurred for other-voice stimuli. We hypothesize that the patient's personality alterations resulted from a gradual development of a venous collateral hemodynamic network that impacted venous drainage of brain areas associated with self-consciousness. In addition, resection and ligation of the superior sagittal sinus significantly aggravated personality alterations through postoperative decompensation of a direct frontal lobe compression. Experimentally mirroring clinical observations, these findings are of high relevance for developing biomarkers of post-surgical personality alterations.

[Complications of cerebral ventricular shunts]. / Complications des dérivations ventriculaires internes.

Internal ventricular shunts are systems for draining excess cerebrospinal fluid to another body cavity in patients with hydrocephalus. They are subject to complications that are sometimes difficult to identify and can lead to diagnostic errors if practitioners are not enough aware. The most frequent complications are mechanical (drainage dysfunction) and infectious. Interruption of the drainage may causeneurological signs of intracranial hypertension; the diagnosis is usually easy. However, the clinical signs can sometimes be less obvious, and a dysfunction of the shunt should be evoked. A multidisciplinary management with the neurosurgery team is necessary to evaluate the appropriate investigation and the emergency management.

Les dérivations ventriculaires internes sont des systèmes permettant de drainer l'excès de liquide céphalorachidien vers une autre cavité du corps chez des malades atteints d'hydrocéphalie. Elles font l'objet de complications parfois difficiles à identifier pouvant conduire à des errances diagnostiques si les praticien-ne-s n'y sont pas sensibilisé-e-s. Les complications les plus fréquentes sont mécaniques avec dysfonctionnement du drainage et infectieuses. L'arrêt du drainage peut provoquer des signes neurologiques d'hypertension intracrânienne ; le diagnostic est alors souvent aisé. Cependant, les signes cliniques peuvent être parfois plus subtils et un dysfonctionnement de la dérivation doit être évoqué. Une prise en charge pluridisciplinaire avec l'équipe de neurochirurgie est nécessaire afin d'évaluer les investigations et la conduite à tenir en urgence.

Intraoperative subcortico-cortical evoked potentials of the visual pathway under general anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether intraoperative subcortical mapping of the visual pathways during brain surgeries was feasible. METHODS: Subcortico-cortical evoked potentials (SCEPs: 30 stimulations/site, biphasic single pulse, 1.3 Hz, 0.2 ms/phase, maximum 10 mA; bipolar probe) were measured in 12 patients for stimulation of the optic radiation, Meyer's loop or optic nerve. Recorded sites were bilateral central, parietal, parieto-occipital, occipital (subdermal scalp electrodes, 5-4000 Hz). The minimum distances from the stimulation locations, i.e. the closest border of the resection cavity to the diffusion tensor imaging based visual pathways, were evaluated postoperatively (smallest distance across coronal, sagittal and axial planes). RESULTS: Stimulation elicited SCEPs when the visual tracts were close (≤4.5 mm). The responses consisted of a short (P1, 3.0-5.6 ms; 8/8 patients) and of a middle (P2, 15-21.6 ms; 3/8 patients) latency waveforms. In agreement with the neuroanatomy, ipsilateral occipital responses were obtained for temporal or parietal stimulations, and bi-occipital responses for optic nerve stimulations. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time to our knowledge, intraoperative SCEPs were observed for stimulations of the optic radiation and of Meyer's loop. Short latency responses were found in agreement with fast conduction of the visual pathway's connecting myelinated fibers. SIGNIFICANCE: The mapping of the visual pathways was found feasible for neurosurgeries under general anesthesia.

Introduction of a novel connection clip for the ultrasonic aspirator for subcortical continuous motor mapping.

Introduction: A connection clip to the ultrasonic aspirator handpiece was introduced for simultaneous resection and mapping of corticospinal motor tract (CST) (Kombos et al., 2001). Research question: To report retrospectively the use of this clip in cerebral surgery with CST mapping. Material and methods: Eight women and four men were included (mean: 55.8 years, SD 17.3 years). The ultrasonic aspirator handpiece was stimulated every second (5 biphasic pulses, 0.4 â€‹ms per phase, max 14 â€‹mA). Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) (Taniguchi et al., 1993), with transcranial and direct cortical stimulation, were alternated with CST mapping. The distances between the stimulus locations to the CST (diffusion tensor imaging based fibre tractography) were determined postoperatively. Muscle strength was evaluated pre-operatively, at discharge and 3 months. Results: Motor mapping thresholds ranged between 2 and 13 â€‹mA, in 12 consecutive patients (7 post-central, 5 insular). The distance of the stimulation site to the CST was fitted (y â€‹= â€‹0.63x+2.33, R2 â€‹= â€‹0.33; x, mA; y, mm), approximating the rule of thumb of 1 â€‹mA indicating 1 â€‹mm (R2 â€‹= â€‹0.22). One patient presented with a deterioration of motor function (wrist, M4+). No intraoperative seizures were observed. Discussion: The concept that 1 â€‹mA corresponds to 1 â€‹mm from the CST, was roughly observed within this low current range. This rule must be applied, integrating the confidence limits, when getting close to the CST, in conjunction with MEPs. Conclusion: The standardization of this clip, for continuous stimulation of the ultrasonic aspirator with simultaneous tissue resection, made the guided surgical flow smoother, more refined and very natural.

A research on abortion: ethics, legislation and socio-medical outcomes. Case study: Romania.

This article presents a research study on abortion from a theoretical and empirical point of view. The theoretical part is based on the method of social documents analysis, and presents a complex perspective on abortion, highlighting items of medical, ethical, moral, religious, social, economic and legal elements. The empirical part presents the results of a sociological survey, based on the opinion survey method through the application of the enquiry technique, conducted in Romania, on a sample of 1260 women. The purpose of the survey is to identify Romanians perception on the decision to voluntary interrupt pregnancy, and to determine the core reasons in carrying out an abortion.

The anatomy of Meyer's loop revisited: changing the anatomical paradigm of the temporal loop based on evidence from fiber microdissection.

OBJECT: The goal in this study was to explore and further refine comprehension of the anatomical features of the temporal loop, known as Meyer's loop. METHODS: The lateral and inferior aspects of 20 previously frozen, formalin-fixed human brains were dissected under the operating microscope by using fiber microdissection. RESULTS: A loop of the fibers in the anterior temporal region was clearly demonstrated in all dissections. This temporal loop, or Meyer's loop, is commonly known as the anterior portion of the optic radiation. Fiber microdissection in this study, however, revealed that various projection fibers that emerge from the sublentiform portion of the internal capsule (IC-SL), which are the temporopontine fibers, occipitopontine fibers, and the posterior thalamic peduncle (which includes the optic radiation), participate in this temporal loop and become a part of the sagittal stratum. No individual optic radiation fibers could be differentiated in the temporal loop. The dissections also disclosed that the anterior extension and angulation of the temporal loop vary significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The fiber microdissection technique provides clear evidence that a loop in the anterior temporal region exists, but that this temporal loop is not formed exclusively by the optic radiation. Various projection fibers of the IC-SL, of which the optic radiation is only one of the several components, display this common course. The inherent limitations of the fiber dissection technique preclude accurate differentiation among individual fibers of the temporal loop, such as the optic radiation fibers.