Light-promoted C-Cl bond-forming reductive elimination of a metal-metal bonded PdIII-PdIII complex.

The excited-state reductive elimination (RE) activities of a metal-metal bonded PdIII2 complex, [(2-phenylpyridyl)Pd(µ-acetate)Cl]2, are described. The C-Cl bond-forming RE reaction is accelerated by up to five orders of magnitude upon visible photoexcitation, which induces the Pd-Pd bond dissociation. This ligand field variation reduces the energy cost for intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from coupling substrate to the metal center involved in the RE reaction. The correlation found between the ligand field and the RE activity indicates the ICT energy as a fundamental descriptor for RE reactions.

Dioxygenation Reaction of a Cobalt-Nitrosyl: Putative Formation of a Cobalt-Peroxynitrite via a {CoIII(NO)(O2-)} Intermediate.

A cobalt-nitrosyl complex, [(BPI)Co(NO)(OAc)], 1 {BPI = 1,3-bis(2'-pyridylimino)isoindol} was prepared and characterized. Structural characterization revealed that the cobalt center has a distorted square pyramidal geometry with the NO group coordinated from the apical position in a bent fashion. The addition of dioxygen (O2) to the dichloromethane solution of complex 1 resulted in the formation of nitro complex, [(BPI)Co(NO2)(OAc)], 2. It was characterized structurally. Kinetic studies suggested the involvement of an associative mechanism. FT-IR spectroscopic studies suggested the formation of the intermediate 1a [(BPI)CoIII(NO)(O2-)(OAc)] in the reaction. The intermediate 1a decomposed to complex 2 via a presumed peroxynitrite intermediate which was implicated by its characteristic phenol ring nitration reaction.

Reaction of a Co(III)-Peroxo Complex and NO: Formation of a Putative Peroxynitrite Intermediate.

A Co(II) complex, [Co(L)2]Cl2, 1 of the ligand L (L = bis(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-5-yl)methane) upon reaction with H2O2 in methanol solution at -40 °C resulted in the formation of the corresponding Co(III)-peroxo complex [Co(L)2(O2)]+ (2). The addition of NO gas to the freshly generated solution of the complex 2 led to the formation of the Co(II)-nitrato complex 3 through the putative formation of a Co(II)-peroxynitrite intermediate, 2a. The intermediate 2a was found to mediate the nitration of the externally added phenol resembling the nitration of tyrosine in biological systems.

Reaction of a Nitrosyl Complex of Cobalt Porphyrin with Hydrogen Peroxide: Putative Formation of Peroxynitrite Intermediate.

The cobalt porphyrin complex [(Cl4TPP)Co], 1, {Cl4TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4'-chlorophenyl)porphyrinate dianion} in dichloromethane solution was subjected to react with nitric oxide (NO) gas and resulted in the formation of the corresponding nitrosyl complex [(Cl4TPP)Co(NO)], 2, having {CoNO}8 description. It was characterized by spectroscopic studies and single-crystal X-ray structure determination. It did not react with dioxygen. However, in CH2Cl2/CH3CN solution, it reacted with H2O2 to result in the Co-nitrito complex [(Cl4TPP)Co(NO2)], 3, with the simultaneous release of O2. It induced ring nitration to the added phenol in an appreciable yield. The reaction presumably proceeds through the formation of corresponding Co-peroxynitrite intermediate.

Nitric Oxide Reactivity of a Cu(II) Complex of an Imidazole-Based Ligand: Aromatic C-Nitrosation Followed by the Formation of N-Nitrosohydroxylaminato Complex.

A binuclear Cu(II) complex, 1, [Cu2(L-)2(OAc)](OAc) of imidazole-based ligand LH {LH = 2-(bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)phenol} was synthesized and characterized spectroscopically and structurally. Addition of an equivalent amount of nitric oxide (NO) by a gastight syringe to the acetonitrile:methanol (5:1, v/v) solution of complex 1 at room temperature resulted in the reduction of Cu(II) center to Cu(I) with concomitant C-nitrosation of the ligand. Spectroscopic characterization of the resulting Cu(I) complex (1a) of the C-nitrosylated ligand, L' {L' = 2-(bis(2-ethyl-5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-4-nitroso-phenol} has been done. The Cu(I) complex, 1a, further reacted with NO to result in the corresponding N-nitrosohydroxylaminato complex, 2, [Cu2(L-ONNO)2](OAc)2 through the formation of a Cu(I)-nitrosyl intermediate. A small fraction of the nitrosyl intermediate decomposed to the corresponding Cu(II) complex 3, [Cu(L')2], and N2O in a parallel reaction.

Effect of ligand denticity on the nitric oxide reactivity of cobalt(ii) complexes.

The activation of nitric oxide (NO) by transition metal complexes has attracted a wide range of research activity. To study the role of ligand denticity on the NO reactivity of Co(ii) complexes, three complexes (, and ) were prepared with ligands , and [ = N(1),N(2)-bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)ethane-1,2-diamine; = N(1)-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-N(2)-(2-((2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)amino)ethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine] and = N(1)-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-N(2),N(2)-bis(2-((2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)amino)ethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine], respectively. The complexes differ from each other in terms of denticity and flexibility of the ligand frameworks. In degassed methanol solution, they were exposed to NO gas and their reactivity was studied using various spectroscopic techniques. In the case of complex with a bidentate ligand, reductive nitrosylation of the metal ion with concomitant dinitrosation of the ligand framework was observed. Complex with a tridentate ligand did not undergo reductive nitrosylation; rather, the formation of [Co(III)(NO(-))] was observed. The nitrosyl complexes were isolated and structurally characterized. On the other hand, complex with a tetradentate tripodal ligand did not react with NO. This can be attributed to the geometry of the complex as well as due to the accessibility of the corresponding redox potential.

Reductive nitrosylation of nickel(ii) complex by nitric oxide followed by nitrous oxide release.

Ni(ii) complex of ligand ( = bis(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-5-yl)methane) in methanol solution reacts with an equivalent amount of NO resulting in a corresponding Ni(i) complex. Adding further NO equivalent affords a Ni(i)-nitrosyl intermediate with the {NiNO}(10) configuration. This nitrosyl intermediate upon subsequent reaction with additional NO results in the release of N2O and formation of a Ni(ii)-nitrito complex. Crystallographic characterization of the nitrito complex revealed a symmetric η(2)-O,O-nitrito bonding to the metal ion. This study demonstrates the reductive nitrosylation of a Ni(ii) center followed by N2O release in the presence of excess NO.

Oxo Transfer from Nitrogen Dioxide to Nitrito Group in a Copper(II) Complex.

Reaction of Cu(II) complex [Cu(II)(LH)(O2CCH3)2] (1) [LH = 4,6-ditert-butyl-2-((2-picolyl(isopropyl)amino)methyl)phenol] with equivalent amount of NO2 leads to the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) with concomitant nitration at the phenol ring of the ligand. This resulted in the in situ formation of intermediate Cu(I) complex of the nitrated ligand (L'H). Additional equivalent of NO2 coordinates to the Cu(I) complex to form corresponding O-nitrito Cu(II) complex [Cu(II)(L'(η(1)-ONO)] (2). Subsequent addition of NO2 led to the corresponding O-nitrato complex, [Cu(II)(L')(η(1)-ONO2)] (3) with concomitant formation of NO. Complexes 2 and 3 were isolated and structurally characterized. The formation of NO in the reaction was established by spin-trapping experiment. Isotopic labeling experiment revealed that the oxo transfer takes place from NO2 to the coordinated η(1)-ONO group.