RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), its relationship with T1D-specific cardiovascular (CV) risk-stratification tools is unknown. AIMS: Assess prevalence of CAC and evaluate relationship between CAC and T1D-specific CV risk-stratification methods in T1D. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of adults with T1D age 20-60 years, statin-naïve and no history of CVD. Data was obtained from electronic medical records and by interview. Presence of CAC was assessed using non-contrast cardiac computed tomography and quantified by Agatston Units (AU). CV risk-stratification was assessed using the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines and the Steno T1 Risk Engine (ST1RE). RESULTS: 85 patients were included with mean age 35.4 ± 10.3 years, HbA1c 8.3 ± 1.5 % and T1D duration 17.0 ± 10.1 years. 67 patients (78.9 %) had a CAC score of 0 AU, 17 (20.0 %) >0-100 AU, and one (1.2 %) >100 AU. Duration of T1D (p = 0.009), body mass index (p = 0.029), neuropathy (p = 0.016) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.016) were independently associated with a positive CAC score on multivariate analysis. Positive predictive value for a positive CAC score was 85.7 % for the ST1RE high risk category and 31.3 % for the 2019 ESC Guidelines very high risk category. CONCLUSIONS: One-fifth of this T1D cohort had a positive CAC score. The ST1RE was superior in identifying positive CAC compared to the 2019 ESC Guidelines. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of CAC in personalising CV risk-stratification and statin initiation in T1D.
Assuntos
Cardiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Calcificação Vascular , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Cálcio , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Calcificação Vascular/complicações , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcificação Vascular/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/complicações , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Austrália Ocidental/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Aqueous based controlled decoration of platinum nanoparticles on plasma treated carbon nano-onions (CNOs) occurs within the shear flow generated by a vortex fluidic device (VFD), using ascorbic acid as the reducing agent, with the electrocatalytic potential of the resulting Pt-NPs@CNOs nano-composites demonstrated.
