Comparison of dentine-resin interface in total-etch and self-etching adhesives using electron microscopy.

The important condition for the adhesive bond between dentine and composite filling is the change of dentine property from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Substances able to accomplish this change, dentinal adhesives, have undergone complex development. Recently, the so-called self-etching adhesives have been formulated. The aim of the present paper was to compare the structural pattern of dentin/resin interface after the application of dentinal adhesives used in total- and self-etching technique. Dentinal adhesives Single bond, Prime bond, Prompt-L-pop Adper, and Xeno III were used. The former two belong to the total etch technique, the latter two to the self-etching technique. The dentin/resin interface was studied in transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscope. In TEM sixteen teeth were investigated, each adhesive was applied in four teeth. Under SEM forty teeth were studied, each adhesive was applied in ten teeth. The obtained results demonstrated that all the dentine adhesives studied were able to penetrate into dentinal tubules and to form a hybrid layer with the demineralized intertubular and peritubular dentine. There was no substantial difference in morphology of the dentine/resin interface between the techniques studied. Our results suggest that the hybrid layer function of all four adhesives might be of the same quality.

Exposure to stress alters the effects of dynorphins in the hot plate test.

The analgesic effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered dynorphin A(1-13) and its analog dynorphin A(1-10)amide using the hot plate test were studied in mice. Both dynorphins applied i.c.v. by the freehand method had an analgesic effect but no effect was seen when applied i.c.v. through an implanted cannula. Moreover, freehand i.c.v. injection of saline increased the time of immobility in the forced swimming test and glycaemia levels compared with intact mice. In contrast to the freehand injection, saline administration through an implanted cannula did not influence the immobility of animals in forced swimming test when compared with the intact controls. These results suggest that 1) the freehand method is very stressful procedure of administration which could influence the effects of dynorphins in the hot plate test and 2) dynorphins exert an analgesic effect in the hot plate test only when combined with a stressor (freehand i.c.v. injection).

[Oral health in cariology and endodontics to the year 2000]. / Orální zdraví v kariologii a endodoncii do roku 2000.

In 1978 the World Health Organization proclaimed the programme "Health for All by the Year 2000". In 1982 the International Stomatological Federation joined this programme with "Oral Health by the Year 2000". It comprises actual anti-caries targets for various age groups, e.g. 50% of 65-year-old subjects should have 20 natural functional teeth. Comparative investigations indicate that the above programme is successfully implemented in those developed industrial countries where it has become a matter of course for the wide public and where in its implementation also non-stomatological medical disciplines participate. The purpose of the present paper is to remind of some comprehensive coordinated aspects of caries prevention and some most frequent complications of caries, i.e. pathological conditions of the dental pulp and apical periodontium.

[Koferdam and its application]. / Koferdam a jeho pouzití.

For perfect dental treatment it is essential in the majority of cases to ensure a readily surveyed and perfectly dry working field. This is met best by the use of the rubber membrane--koferdam. In the submitted work the authors inform the stomatological public on basic terms and principles of work with koferdam which is considered irreplaceable under certain conditions.

[Epidemiological investigation of oral health in a group of Prague University students]. / Epidemiologická studie orálního zdraví u skupiny prazských vysokoskoláku.

In the submitted paper the authors investigated the state of teeth, periodontium and the need of treatment in a group of Prague university students. In the investigated group they recorder a lower cariosity than in the same age group 30 years ago. The percentage of subjects without dental extraction on account of caries is smaller than foreseen by WHO in the year 2000. Both is evidence of early therapeutic and preventive care in previous years. To maintain therapeutic and preventive care in previous years. To maintain the positive results of systematic dental care, regular dental treatment also in adult age is essential.