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1.
J Biosci ; 462021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34047287

RESUMO

Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex Hook. f.) Venter is a potential medicinal and highly aromatic plant species confined to the southernmost part of the Western Ghats of India. The plant is well known for its traditional uses among the various tribal communities of south India. The tubers of the plant possess characteristic vanillin-like aroma due to the presence of the compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. The tubers are used to substitute Hemidesmus indicus in various herbal formulations. The plants in the wild are continuously uprooted for their roots, leading to the irreversible destruction of the whole plant. The resulting tremendous loss of populations in the wild led to the species being declared as critically endangered by IUCN. Our group is working on the various aspects of this species including population status, distribution mapping, prospection, and conservation management. In the present review, we have brought out the available information till date on D. salicifolia, including taxonomy, ethno-medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, population status, and conservation efforts along with research gap and lacunae to provide direction for further research into this less explored medicinal and aromatic plant.


Assuntos
Apocynaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção/estatística & dados numéricos , Filogenia , Tubérculos/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apocynaceae/química , Apocynaceae/classificação , Apocynaceae/genética , Benzaldeídos/análise , Variação Genética , Humanos , Índia , Odorantes/análise , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Dispersão Vegetal/fisiologia , Tubérculos/fisiologia , Plantas Medicinais , Terminologia como Assunto
2.
Biochem Genet ; 58(3): 452-472, 2020 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32221756

RESUMO

Information on the genetic diversity and population structure is essential for developing conservational management programs, especially for threatened species. Decalepis salicifolia (Bedd. ex Hook.f.) Venter is a steno-endemic and critically endangered species of the south Western Ghats of India. The present study used ISSR markers as well as essential oil profiling to reveal the extent and distribution of genetic as well as the chemical diversity of all the twelve known populations of D. salicifolia. A total of 84 amplicons generated using 17 ISSR primers represented an overall 72.34% polymorphism. The highest percentage of polymorphic loci was recorded in the population of Theemalai (40.48%) and lowest in Kokanmalai (4.76%) with an average of 20.04% across all the studied populations. At the species level, the Nei's genetic diversity observed was 0.255 ± 0.186, while Shannon's information index observed was 0.385 ± 0.260. The genetic similarity-based unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average dendrogram grouped the populations according to their geographic locations, which was corroborated by principal component analysis and Bayesian clustering. Distribution of genetic variance through analysis of molecular variance indicated that 38% variance resides within the population, and 62% variance resides among the populations (P < 0.001). Gas chromatography analyses of root volatiles showed significant variation in the percent content of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. The Mantel test analyses showed a positive correlation between the genetic versus geographic distances. Based on the results, both ex situ and in situ conservation strategies are suggested to maximally preserve the genetic resources of this endangered species.


Assuntos
Apocynaceae/química , Apocynaceae/genética , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Genótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA de Plantas/genética , Loci Gênicos , Índia , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Óleos Voláteis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/genética , Óleos de Plantas/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Análise de Componente Principal
3.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 176(5): 1413-30, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25969156

RESUMO

Decalepis arayalpathra, a critically endangered plant species, has a restricted and fragmented population in Southern Western Ghats, India. This study is a first attempt to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure in the nine wild populations of D. arayalpathra based on molecular pattern realized through the marker assays. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Nei's unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA)-based hierarchical clustering of both the marker assays suggest strong genetic clustering between the individuals corresponding to their geographical ranges. Mantel test also corroborates a close genetic proximity between genetic and geographic data (r = 0.389). Population genetic analysis revealed low levels of gene flow [inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) = 0.289 and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) = 0.847] between the populations, in line with high genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.531 with ISSR and 0.440 with RAPD), which was also supported by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), that 54 % (ISSR) and 64 % (RAPD) total variation resided within populations. Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis detected three genetic clusters showing the high degree of admixture within population. Based on the findings, such as inbreeding depression and the loss of genetic diversity, suggestions for conservation strategies are provided to preserve the genetic resources of this endangered species.


Assuntos
Apocynaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Apocynaceae/genética , Teorema de Bayes , Genética Populacional , Geografia , Índia , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Dinâmica Populacional , Análise de Componente Principal , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico
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