[Aggressive fibromatosis of the small pelvis]. / Agressivnyi fibromatoz polosti malogo taza.

Experience in the treatment of 25 patients with aggressive fibromatosis of the true pelvis is discussed. To establish a precise diagnosis obligatory and special methods of examination were applied. Secondary changes in the adjacent organs and structures were found in 24 patients. Radical operations were conducted on 19 (76%) patients, in 13 of them the interventions were combined. The mean duration of the operations was 5.3 hours. Complications developed in 17 out of 19 patients. Hemorrhage was the most frequent (in 12 out of 19 patients) and menacing complication. The blood loss was 3036.8 ml on the average. Recurrences were registered in 8 out of 19 (42.1%) patients.

[The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the small intestine of rats with long-term constant exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation]. / Morfologicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia tonkogo kishechnika krys pri dlitel'nom postoiannom vozdeistvii malykh doz ioniziruiushchego izlucheniia.

Variable dystrophic and necrobiotic changes were revealed in epithelial and stromal thin intestine cells in rats who had been living for a long time in Chernobyl and Kiev animal houses. There were no principal differences of these changes in the both groups of animals and their dynamics. The rats that lived in Chernobyl and consumed more polluted food have some special features: crypt mucoidisation, epithelial cell apoptosis, low pinocytic activity of endothelial cells and increase of dense epithelial and capillary cells (coagulation necrosis type).

[The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 3. The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the lungs of rats]. / Biologicheskie éffekty u zhivotnykh v sviazi s avariei na Chernobyl'skoi AES. Soobshchenie 3. Morfologicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia legkikh krys.

The morphological and ultrastructural changes revealed in the lungs of rats kept within the Chernobyl accident zone during the period of 6 to 24 months were shown to be uniform and multicomponent. The changes were found both in the respiratory and the vascular connective tissue. The inflammatory processes occurred with formation of pneumonic foci, hypo- and disatelectasis, emphysematous changes, impairment of interalveolar septa, and connective tissue cell proliferation. In the lung tissue, focal and diffuse lymphoid proliferates and, at later stages, lymphomatous changes were revealed.

[The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 5. Longevity and the carcinogenic effects]. / Biologicheskie éffekty u zhivotnykh v sviazi s avariei na Chernobyl'skoi AES. Soobshchenie 5. Prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni i kantserogennye éffekty.

Remote effects in laboratory animals living in conditions of exposure to a mixture of external and internal radiation resulted from the Chernobyl A.P.S. disaster have been investigated. It has been found that the rate of deaths from non-tumor illnesses grows, the incidence of neoplasms increases and their latency time decreases. The redistribution within the spectrum of benign and malignant tumors and the increase in the multiplicity coefficient have been revealed. It is concluded that chronic exposure of animals to low-level radiation from the radionuclides, resulted from the accident, brings about a much larger number of negative stochastic and nonstochastic remote effects as compared to those expected from the extrapolation of the effects produced by high radiation doses.

[The biological effects in animals related to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 4. The morphological and ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats]. / Biologicheskie éffekty u zhivotnykh v sviazi s avariei na Chernobyl'skoi AES. Soobshchenie 4. Morfologicheskie i ul'trastrukturnye izmeneniia pecheni krys.

A study was made of the morphological and ultrastructural changes in hepatic tissue of rats lived within the Chernobyl accident zone during the period of 6 to 25 months. Considerable nonspecific changes in hepatocytes (fatty, vacuolar and parenchymatous degeneration, and hepatocyte necrobiosis) were seen throughout the entire period of observation. Coagulation necrosis of certain hepatocytes, Kupffer and endothelial cells, and the development of microcholangiomas by the end of the second year were the most characteristic alterations.

[Current theories on the origin of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymphogranulomatosis]. / Sovremennye predstavleniia o proiskhozhdenii kletok Berezovskogo- Shternberga pri limfogranulematoze.

The literature data and the results of the authors' own investigations on the enzymatocytochemical signs, surface membrane receptors and antigens of Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells have been presented. Possible genesis of giant multinuclear cells from activated T- or B-lymphocytes, histiocytes,+-macrophages or interdigitirring reticular cells in lymphogranulomatosis have been discussed.

[Combined surgical interventions in disseminated forms of rectal cancer]. / Kombinirovannye operativnye vmeshatel'stva pri rasprostranennykh formakh raka priamoi kishki.

Combined operative interventions were performed in 375 (14.6%) out of the 2564 patients operated on radically. In 10 patients, evisceration of the pelvic organs was performed. At the preoperative period, 60% of the patients received the intensive irradiation. Among the postoperative complications, the purulent-inflammatory, urologic and cardiovascular ones were the most frequent. The five-year survival after the combined operations was 45.4%, and with preoperative irradiation--60.4%. The recurrences were noted in 23.9 and 5.6% of the patients, respectively.

[Conservative surgery in the initial forms of cancer, malignant adenomas and villous tumors of the rectum]. / Ekonomnye operatsii pri nachal'nykh formakh raka, malignizirovannykh adenomakh i vorsinchatykh opukholiakh priamoi kishki.

The results of sparing transanal operations performed in 519 patients with the early forms of cancer, malignant adenomas and villous tumors of the rectum are presented. On the basis of studying the five- and ten-year survival, it is shown that local sparing operations provide stable and prolonged cure of the patients. The dependence between recurrence of adenomas, peculiarities of their macro- and microscopic structure has been traced.

[Peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of initial forms of rectal cancer]. / Osobennosti diagnostiki i lecheniia nachal'nykh form raka priamoi kishki.

Of 3185 patients, the stage I rectal cancer was diagnosed in 220 (6.9%), stage II--in 156 (4.9%), stage III--in 1948 (61.2%), stage IV--in 861 (27.0%). The causes of late diagnosis were the following: asymptomatic course of the disease (74.2%), delayed taking the medical advice, incomplete (without rectal inspection) examination of the patients. The sphincter-preserving operations were performed in 86.3% of the patients. The 5-year survival of patients in stage I was (97.6 +/- 2.5)%, in stage II--(75.7 +/- 4.1)%.

[Clinico-morphologic aspects of the combined treatment of locally disseminated cancer of the rectum]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskie aspekty kombinirovannoto lecheniia mestno-rasprostranennogo raka priamoi kishki.

In 1174 patients, the pathomorphosis of rectal cancer conditioned by the combined treatment with preoperative irradiation was studied. Preoperative radiotherapy caused considerable disorders in the morphologic structure of a tumour. The survival of patients and incidence of tumour recurrences, depending on the pronouncement of morphologic changes after radiotherapy, were studied. The use of radiation modifiers in combination with radiotherapy facilitated more pronounced damage to the tumour.

[Pelvic exenteration as a means of improving the resectability of advanced cancer of the rectum]. / Evistseratsiia taza kak sposob povyshehiia rezektabel'nosti raka priamoi kishki.

The paper discusses the results of treatment of 10 male patients who underwent pelvic evisceration for advanced rectal cancer. Surgical technique is described. In 9 cases, an isolated ileocecal "urinary bladder" was formed; in 1 patient urine was passed into a small intestine segment. The involvement of the urinary bladder and/or the prostate were observed in 6 patients. One patient died shortly after surgery, three--within the first 12 months and another 2--during the second year. Four cases have survived over 5 years, 3 of them surviving over 10 years.

[Suppression of the proliferative activity in in vivo tissue culture of esophageal and stomach tumor cells during preoperative irradiation]. / Ugnetenie proliferativnoi aktivnosti v kul'ture tkani in vivo kletok opukholei pishchevoda i zheludka pri predoperatsionnom obluchenii.

Pathomorphological changes and indices of proliferative ability of tumour tissue in the esophagus and in the cardia are studied in 14 patients after and without the preoperative irradiation following its cultivation in diffuse chambers. The tissue was implanted into the abdominal cavity of 84 rats. Inhibition of the mitotic activity and synthesis of DNA in cell nuclei as well as the impairment of the formation processes typical of the unirradiated blastomas of the same histological structure in the tissue culture in vivo evidence for a pronounced effect of irradiation.

[Enhancement of the effect of radiotherapy of Guerin's carcinoma by tinidazole]. / Usilenie luchevogo vozdeistviia na kartsinomu Gerena s pomoshch'iu tinidazola.

Tinidazol, an electron-acceptor compound, was studied for its influence on the effectiveness of radiation treatment of Guerin's carcinoma. It was shown in terms of tumour regression, percentage of inhibition, time of tumour volume doubling, rate of the tumour growth renewal and average survival that in the presence of tinidazol, the antitumour effectiveness of radiation treatment is 1.6-2.0 times as high as radiation alone. Morphologic studies confirm the ability of tinidazol to enhance the radiation damage.

[Accumulation and localization of 67Ga citrate in cancerous lung tissue during diagnostic use of the preparation]. / Nakoplenie i lokalizatsiia 67Ga-tsitrata v opukholevoi tkani legkikh pri diagnosticheskom ispol'zovanii preparata.

Altogether 89 patients were examined using scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate. Radiometric, scintigraphic, radioautographic and histological investigation of the operation material of 15 patients was conducted. The diagnostic accuracy was 92.1%, sensitivity 98.6%, specificity 75%. The investigation of the operation material showed that RP accumulation in the peripheral part of tumor was 4-4.5 times higher and in its central part 2-3 times higher than in the unaffected pulmonary tissue. Elevated RP accumulation was found in the capsular wall in inflammatory processes as well as in lymph nodes with anthracosis. Recovered silver grains on histoautoradiograms of tumor tissue zones were mainly localised around isolated cells and their groups in the intercellular space.

[Ultrastructural characteristics of chondroblastomas]. / Ul'trastrukturnaia kharakteristika khondroblastom.

The ultrastructure of chondroblastomas and two new ultrastructural peculiarities typical of the given form of tumours are described. Being typical but not constant these peculiarities may be an additional argument indicating that such cells may be regarded as chondroblastoma cells. The ultrastructure of these cells is similar to that of normal epiphyseal chondrocytes and differs from the ultrastructure of chondrosarcoma cells.