Sports-related head injuries in students: parents' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions.

The short- and long-term neurologic impairment of children sustaining sports-related head injuries has recently entered the forefront of medical literature, resulting in new guidelines on concussion management being provided to clinicians, coaches, and trainers. Yet, most parents have not been formally educated on head injuries. The purpose of this article is to share the findings of a study conducted with 235 parents that identified their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of sports-related head injuries in school-age students. The study found that 51% of respondents were unaware that head trauma was more serious in children, 80% were uninformed as to whether the school district had a policy on sports-related head injuries, 44% did not know if there were medical guidelines for return to play, and 35% did not know that repeated head trauma could cause dementia. Results of this research implore school nurses to improve patient and parental education when they care for and monitor students with head injuries.

Casualty collection in mass-casualty incidents: a better method for finding proverbial needles in a haystack.

INTRODUCTION: Mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) are on the rise. The ability to locate, identify, and triage patients quickly and efficiently results in better patient outcomes. Poor lighting due to time of day, inclement weather, and power outages can make locating patients difficult. Efficient methods of locating patients allow for quicker transport to definitive care. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the methods currently used in mass-casualty collection, and to determine whether the use of the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) triage tag system can be improved by using easily discernable tags (glow sticks) in conjunction with the standard triage tags. METHODS: Numerous drills were performed utilizing the START triage method. In Trial A, patients were identified with the triage tags only. In Trial B, patients were identified using triage tags and glow sticks. Four rounds of triage drills were performed in low ambient light for each Trial, and the differences in casualty collection times were compared. RESULTS: Casualty relocation and collection times were considerably shorter in the trials that utilized both the glow sticks and triage tags. An average of 2.58 minutes (31.75%) were saved during the casualty collections. In addition, fewer patient errors occurred during the trials in which the glow sticks were used. Between the four rounds, an average of four patient errors occurred during the trials that utilized the triage tags. However, there was an average of only one patient error for the drills when participants utilized both the triage tags and the glow sticks. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the highly visible glow sticks, in conjunction with the START triage tags, allowed for more rapid and accurate casualty collection in suboptimal lighting. The use of the glow sticks made it easier to relocate previously triaged patients and arrange for expeditious transport to definitive care. In addition, the glow sticks reduced the number of patient errors. Most importantly, there was a significant reduction in the number of patients that initially were triaged via the START method, but were overlooked during casualty collection and transport.

Vertical evacuation drill of an intensive care unit: design, implementation, and evaluation.

Hospital disaster plans should be developed to cover any potential event that could require the immediate evacuation of all patients. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients present multiple challenges for planners: reliability of hospital elevators, manpower needed to transport patients, and the time needed for stabilization before patient transfer. If the ICU is located on an upper floor of the hospital and patients have numerous life-support interventions in place, a vertical evacuation can require more resources than anticipated. A study was done using 12 moulaged patients who were carried down 4 flights of stairs. The lessons learned from the drill are reported.