RESUMO
We report a case of acute perforated appendicitis in an incarcerated inguinal hernia, termed an Amyand's hernia. Although perforated appendicitis within an incarcerated inguinal hernia is uncommon, with a published incidence of 0.13%, its clinical presentation varies considerably, depending on the extent of periappendicular inflammation and the presence or absence of peritoneal contamination.
Assuntos
Apendicite/complicações , Hérnia Inguinal/complicações , Perfuração Intestinal/complicações , Adulto , Apendicite/diagnóstico por imagem , Apendicite/cirurgia , Extravasamento de Materiais Terapêuticos e Diagnósticos/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Hérnia Inguinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Humanos , Perfuração Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Perfuração Intestinal/cirurgia , Ruptura Espontânea , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
To begin to identify new tumor markers, we recently performed a systematic study of gene expression in cancers of the colon and pancreas. Of the 45,000 genes identified, 183 were found to be expressed at significantly elevated levels in pancreatic cancer. One of the genes was tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type I (TIMP-1), which encodes a secreted protein. Analysis of TIMP-1 serum levels revealed significant increases in pancreatic cancer patients, but TIMP-1 by itself was inadequate as a serum marker for cancer. However, a combination of individually suboptimal markers (TIMP-1, CA19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen) detected 60% of 85 patients with pancreatic cancers in a highly specific manner. These results suggest that a systematic analysis of gene expression can reveal novel serum markers and that individually suboptimal markers can be combined to yield higher sensitivity and specificity.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/sangue , Northern Blotting , Antígeno CA-19-9/sangue , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1/genéticaRESUMO
In the United States, incidence of and mortality from pancreatic cancer increased for several decades earlier in this century but have tended to level off in recent years. Rates increase with age and are higher in blacks than in whites and higher in men than in women. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of pancreatic cancer, while alcohol consumption largely shows no relationship, coffee consumption shows little, if any, association, and a number of occupational exposures seem to be associated but the results are not fully consistent. Finally, human studies have suggested positive associations with meat consumption and carbohydrate intake and a protective effect of dietary fiber and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Thus, much progress has been made in the last two decades in identifying risk factors, but much epidemiologic work is needed to identify and reduce putative exposures.
