Novel Gold Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis with Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss Extract, Characterization, and In Vivo Investigations on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

In this work, we synthesized and reported gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss plant extract for first time. The plant extract has important effect as reducing and stabilizing agent for preparation of Au nanoparticles. The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized with FT-IR, UV-vis, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. All analyses confirmed successful synthesis of gold nanoparticles with high purity. The antidiabetic activity of synthesized Au NPs was investigated on type 2 diabetic rats by studying their influences on serum biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers. Obtained results revealed that hepatic enzymes, TNF-α, and interleukin-6 of diabetic rats receiving gold nanoparticles decreased in compare with healthy control rats. As inflammatory markers are main reasons for hyperglycemic-induced insulin resistance in diabetes, Au NPs have a possible option for management of the diabetes-related complication via their potent anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects.

Biosynthesis of Novel Silver Nanoparticles Using Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss Extract and Comparison of their Antidiabetic Activity with Chemical Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in Diabetic Rats.

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (1) were synthesized by green method using Eryngium campestre Boiss aqueous extract and silver nanoparticles (2) were synthesized with chemical method. The silver nanoparticles (1) and (2) were characterized with FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM analyses. The effects of silver nanoparticles (1) and (2) were investigated on glucose, hematology, and blood biochemical parameters in alloxan- induced diabetes type 1 model rats. Diabetic or intact rats received intraperitoneal injection of saline or 2.5 mg/kg of silver nanoparticles (1) and (2) for 14 consecutive days. Hematological parameters and serum concentration of FBS, HbA1C, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, albumin, creatinine, and urea were determined. Interestingly, silver NPs (1) or (2) did not exert toxic influences on hematological parameters and liver and kidney function in intact rats. Both silver nanoparticles (1) and (2) exert hypoglycemic effects in diabetic rats. They did not alter urea, creatinine, and hematological parameters except white blood cell (WBC) count in diabetic rats. Silver nanoparticles (1) decreased significantly liver enzyme levels including ALT and AST of diabetic rats. However silver nanoparticles (2) could not suppress the increased levels of liver enzymes in diabetic rats. In comparison with silver nanoparticles (2), the silver nanoparticles (1) are more protective than the same dose of silver nanoparticles (2) in the regulation and improving the liver function in diabetic rats. Also, silver nanoparticles (1) may exert protective effects on liver damage of diabetic rats rather than kidney damage.