Exostosin-1/exostosin-2 expression and favorable kidney outcomes in lupus nephritis: a retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: The heterodimer exostosin-1/exostosin-2 (EXO-1/2) is a novel antigen observed in membranous nephropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. This study aimed to evaluate the association between EXO-1/2 positivity in kidney biopsy and kidney outcomes. METHODS: The kidney biopsy tissue from 50 class 5 lupus nephritis (LN) and 55 mixed class 3/4 + 5 LN patients was stained for EXO-1/2. Baseline clinical and histological characteristics were compared between EXO-1/2 positive and EXO-1/2 negative patients. Time-to-event analyses were performed to compare rates of response to therapy, kidney flares, and progression to a 40% decline of the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), doubling of serum creatinine, and kidney failure. RESULTS: Fourteen out of 50 (28%) of class 5 and 5 out of 55 (9%) of mixed class 3/4 + 5 LN stained positive for EXO-1/2. Patients with class 5 LN and EXO-1/2 positive stain were younger, with better kidney function at presentation, and lower scarring in the kidney biopsy analysis. Over a median follow-up of 100 months, patients with positive EXO-1/2 staining had significantly lower rates of progression in the full cohort. When analyzed separately in class 5 and mixed class LN subgroups, there were significantly lower rates of progression to a 40% decline of the eGFR and non-statistically significant trends for doubling of serum creatinine and kidney failure. CONCLUSION: EXO-1/2 is a novel antigen detected in class 5 LN and associated with a good prognosis of kidney function. The incorporation of EXO-1/2 staining in clinical practice can potentially modify the management of LN due to its prognostic implications. Key Points • Exostosin-1/exostosin-2 antigen has been found in cases of membranous nephropathy associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. • Exostosin-1/exostosin-2 staining in the kidney biopsy of class 5 or mixed class 3/4 + 5 lupus nephritis is associated with a good long-term prognosis of kidney function. • The incorporation of exostosin-1/exostosin-2 staining into clinical practice can potentially modify management due to its prognostic implications.

Effect of antimalarials on clinical outcomes in lupus nephritis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of antimalarial drugs in response to therapy, incidence of LN flares, and progression of kidney disease in a large LN cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 424 biopsy-proven LN patients followed for >3 years. We obtained demographic, clinical, laboratory, histopathological, and treatment variables. Antimalarial use was approached as 1) users versus no users, 2) according to prevalent vs incident use regarding the LN flare, and 3) according to the type of antimalarial. All outcomes were evaluated by time-to-event analyses. Adjusted hazard ratios were obtained by Cox regression. RESULTS: The cohort included 424 patients, median age of 29 years (IQR 23-37), 96% female, with a median eGFR of 81 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 48-118) and proteinuria of 3.4 g/g (IQR 1.9-5.5). Antimalarial use was associated with higher complete response (aHR 1.57, 1.08-2.27), lower incidence of kidney flares (aHR 0.63, 0.43-0.92), and lower progression to kidney failure (aHR 0.37, 0.23-0.53). The effect on these outcomes was modified by the presentation eGFR, histological class, and/or concomitant initial immunosuppressor. These protective effects were observed in patients with prevalent or incident use regarding the LN flare and patients using hydroxychloroquine. The incidence of toxic retinopathy was 1.7%, 5.7%, and 8.8% by 3-, 5-, and 7 years of continued antimalarial use. CONCLUSION: The use of antimalarial drugs is associated with increased response to therapy, lower incidence of kidney flares, and lower progression to kidney failure in LN patients. Conversely, this population is at high risk of toxic maculopathy, and yearly ophthalmologic examination is recommended.

Resection of Bone Tumor Guided by Gamma Probe and Evaluation of Postoperative Pain.

Osteoid osteoma is a benign neoplasm commonly found in young men, but that can be found in every age, which affects mainly long bones, clinically characterized by continuous and limiting pain that is relieved by salicylates. It is a small lesion composed of immature osteoid tissue, central hypervascularization and surrounding sclerotic area. Its diagnosis is performed by the clinic and aided by imaging tests, such as common radiography and computed tomography. Radiography shows a central radiolucent lesion and peripheral sclerosis. The biopsy takes place only in cases of diagnostic doubt. Surgical treatment involves resection of the niche, providing greater symptomatic relief, as well as percutaneous techniques. The technique of radioisotope-guided resection has good acceptance in the scientific community for its fast surgical procedure directed to the lesion; however, the percutaneous technique that stands out is radiofrequency ablation. In the present study, all of the patients submitted to the technique presented total improvement of the pain.

Resection of Bone Tumor Guided by Gamma Probe and Evaluation of Postoperative Pain / Ressecção de tumor ósseo guiado por Gamaprobe e avaliação do quadro álgico pós-operatório

Abstract Osteoid osteoma is a benign neoplasm commonly found in young men, but that can be found in every age, which affects mainly long bones, clinically characterized by continuous and limiting pain that is relieved by salicylates. It is a small lesion composed of immature osteoid tissue, central hypervascularization and surrounding sclerotic area. Its diagnosis is performed by the clinic and aided by imaging tests, such as common radiography and computed tomography. Radiography shows a central radiolucent lesion and peripheral sclerosis. The biopsy takes place only in cases of diagnostic doubt. Surgical treatment involves resection of the niche, providing greater symptomatic relief, as well as percutaneous techniques. The technique of radioisotope-guided resection has good acceptance in the scientific community for its fast surgical procedure directed to the lesion; however, the percutaneous technique that stands out is radiofrequency ablation. In the present study, all of the patients submitted to the technique presented total improvement of the pain.

Resumo O osteoma osteóide é uma neoplasia benigna comum em homens jovens; porém, pode atingir qualquer idade, acomete preferencialmente ossos longos, e é caracterizada por dor contínua e limitante que é aliviada por salicilatos. É uma lesão de tamanho pequeno, composta por tecido osteóide imaturo, hipervascularização central e área esclerótica circundante. O diagnóstico é realizado pela clínica e auxiliado por exames de imagem, como radiografia comum e tomografia computadorizada. À radiografia, apresenta-se como uma lesão radiolucente central e esclerose periférica. A biópsia está indicada somente nos casos de dúvida diagnóstica. O tratamento cirúrgico envolve a ressecção do nicho, proporcionando maior alívio sintomático, assim como as técnicas percutâneas. A técnica de ressecção guiada por radioisótopo tem boa aceitação na comunidade científica por tornar o procedimento cirúrgico mais rápido e dirigido para a lesão, ainda que o padrão ouro de tratamento seja a técnica percutânea de ablação por radiofrequência. É válido ressaltar que, no presente estudo, todos os pacientes submetidos à resecção cirúrgica apresentaram regressão do quadro álgico.

Aneurysmal Patellar Bone Cyst: Case Reportt.

Patellar tumors are rare. Commonly benign, giant-cell tumors and chondroblastomas are the most frequent types of this tumor. Aneurysmal bone cysts are a less common type, corresponding to less than 1% of the cases. The authors present a case of a 23-year-old male patient who presented left patellar pain and swelling for two years. The radiographic images suggested tumoral causes, and the biopsy was negative for neoplasm. The treatment approach was a complete patellectomy, without complications. The imaging follow-up showed no recurrence.

Aneurysmal Patellar Bone Cyst: Case Reportt / Cisto Ósseo Aneurismático de Patela: Relato de Caso

Abstract Patellar tumors are rare. Commonly benign, giant-cell tumors and chondroblastomas are the most frequent types of this tumor. Aneurysmal bone cysts are a less common type, corresponding to less than 1% of the cases. The authors present a case of a 23-year-old male patient who presented left patellar pain and swelling for two years. The radiographic images suggested tumoral causes, and the biopsy was negative for neoplasm. The treatment approach was a complete patellectomy, without complications. The imaging follow-up showed no recurrence.

Resumo Os tumores patelares são uma condição rara. Comumente benignos, o tumor de células gigantes e o condroblastoma são os tipos mais frequentes. O tipo menos comum entre os tumores patelares é o cisto ósseo aneurismático, que corresponde a menos de 1% dos casos. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 23 anos, com dor e aumento do volume da patela esquerda havia 2 anos. A radiologia sugeriu causas tumorais, e a biópsia foi negativa para neoplasia. A abordagem terapêutica escolhida foi uma patelectomia total, feita sem intercorrências. O acompanhamento com imagens não mostrou recorrência.

The effect of soil on cork quality.

The present work aimed to contribute for a better knowledge regarding soil features as cork quality indicators for stoppers. Cork sampling was made in eight Cork oak stands (montados de sobreiro) located in the Plio-Plistocene sedimentary formations of Península de Setúbal in southern Tagus River region. The samples used to classify the cork as stopper for wine bottles were obtained in eight cork oak stands, covering soils of different types of sandstones of the Plio-plistocene. In each stand, we randomly chose five circular plots with 30 m radius and five trees per plot with same stripping conditions determined by: dendrometric features (HD- height stipping, PBH- perimeter at breaster height), trees vegetative condition (defoliation degree); stand features (density, percentage canopy cover); site conditions (soil type and orientation). In the center of each plot a pit was open to characterize the soil profile and to classify the soil. Cork quality for stoppers was evaluated according to porosity, pores/per cm(2) and cork boards thickness. The soil was characterized according to morphological soil profile features (lithology, soil profound, and soil horizons) and chemical soil surface horizon features (organic matter, pH, macro, and micronutrients availability). Based on the variables studied and using the numerical taxonomy, we settled relationships between the cork quality and some soil features. The results indicate: (1) high correlation between the cork caliber and boron, cation exchange capacity, total nitrogen, exchange acidity, and exchangeable magnesium, potassium, calcium, and sodium in soils of theirs cork oaks; (2) the cork porosity is correlated with the number of pores/cm(2) and magnesium soil content; (3) the other soil features have a lower correlation with the caliber, porosity, and the number of pores per cm(2).

Tem um queniano correndo entre nós: atletismo e migração no Brasil / There is a Kenyan in our race: athletics and migration in Brazil

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a movimentação migratória de esportistas estrangeiros do atletismo, sobretudo os de nacionalidades africanas, face ao seu sucesso em corridas de rua disputadas nas grandes cidades brasileiras. Focamos nossas análises na fala dos técnicos brasileiros de nível internacional que trabalham ou não com este grupo. Os resultados demonstram que os técnicos que treinam os atletas estrangeiros são contrários as normas reguladoras em vigor e que limitam a participação destes. Os técnicos centrados em atletas nacionais defendem as normas estabelecidas pela entidade responsável pelo esporte no país. Como conclusão, consideramos que um esporte individual como o atletismo que se estrutura à margem da identidade clubística, parece estar operando por parte de seus protagonistas sob o guarda chuva protetor do nacionalismo em que o atleta local deve ser defendido mediante reserva do mercado, contra a participação de atletas estrangeiros, sobretudo, na figura dos africanos...

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the migratory tendencies of foreign long distance runners, especially those from African descent. This interest rises from the great success these athletes have displayed in all major Brazilian city running events. The analysis was focused on coaches who work with Brazilian and international long distance runners. Coaches who are involved with training international runners are against to the regulation that restricts the participation of foreign runners in competitions organized by the Brazilian confederation (CBAt). On the other hand, coaches who work with Brazilian runners are in agreement with these rules. In conclusion we found that in an individual sport such as running that operates outside of traditional sports clubs there are tendencies of nationalism protecting the local athlete and discriminating the international competitor...

Susceptibility of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), to insecticides in Brazil.

Since horn fly populations became established throughout Brazil, complaints regarding control failure have increased around the country. A broad survey to evaluate the susceptibility of horn flies to both organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides was conducted from October 2000 to April 2003. Bioassays using filter papers impregnated with cypermethrin, permethrin or diazinon were conducted on 154 horn fly populations in 14 states and 78 municipalities. Resistance to cypermethrin, the active ingredient present in most insecticide products for horn fly control in Brazil, was detected in 98.46% of the populations, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 2.5 to 719.9. Resistance to permethrin (RRs < 6.3) was found in 96.67% of the populations, despite its lack of use. In general, pyrethroid resistance was detected in 97.18% of the horn fly populations, with frequencies greater than 87% in all regions of the country. The status of susceptibility of horn fly populations in Brazil to insecticides can be characterized by high susceptibility to OPs and widespread resistance to pyrethroids, potentially compromising the efficacy of pyrethroid products in most cases. Although some partial results have previously been presented, a general picture of horn fly susceptibility in Brazil is presented here for the first time.

Susceptibility of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), to insecticides in Brazil / Suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), a inseticidas no Brasil

Since horn fly populations became established throughout Brazil, complaints regarding control failure have increased around the country. A broad survey to evaluate the susceptibility of horn flies to both organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid insecticides was conducted from October 2000 to April 2003. Bioassays using filter papers impregnated with cypermethrin, permethrin or diazinon were conducted on 154 horn fly populations in 14 states and 78 municipalities. Resistance to cypermethrin, the active ingredient present in most insecticide products for horn fly control in Brazil, was detected in 98.46% of the populations, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 2.5 to 719.9. Resistance to permethrin (RRs < 6.3) was found in 96.67% of the populations, despite its lack of use. In general, pyrethroid resistance was detected in 97.18% of the horn fly populations, with frequencies greater than 87% in all regions of the country. The status of susceptibility of horn fly populations in Brazil to insecticides can be characterized by high susceptibility to OPs and widespread resistance to pyrethroids, potentially compromising the efficacy of pyrethroid products in most cases. Although some partial results have previously been presented, a general picture of horn fly susceptibility in Brazil is presented here for the first time.

Desde a dispersão da mosca-dos-chifres, no Brasil, queixas sobre seu controle aumentaram em todo o país. Um amplo levantamento objetivando avaliar a suscetibilidade da mosca a inseticidas organofosforados (OF) e piretróides foi realizado de outubro de 2000 a abril de 2003. Bioensaios com papéis de filtro impregnados com cipermetrina, permetrina ou diazinon foram conduzidos em 154 populações da mosca-dos-chifres de 14 Estados e 78 municípios. Resistência à cipermetrina, ingrediente ativo presente na maioria dos produtos para controle da mosca-dos-chifres no Brasil, foi detectada em 98,46% das populações, com fatores de resistência (FR) variando de 2,5 a 719,9. Resistência à permetrina (FR < 6,3) foi encontrada em 96,67% das populações testadas, apesar da falta de uso de produtos contendo este princípio ativo. Em geral, resistência a piretróides foi detectada em 97,18% das populações, com frequências acima de 87% em todas as regiões do país. A situação da suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres a inseticidas, no Brasil, pode ser caracterizada por uma elevada suscetibilidade aos organofosforados e ocorrência generalizada de resistência aos piretróides, potencialmente comprometendo a eficácia desses produtos na maioria dos casos. Embora resultados parciais tenham sido apresentados anteriormente, um quadro geral da suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres no Brasil é apresentado pela primeira vez.

Suscetibilidade de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus a carrapaticidas em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to acaricides in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

O carrapato bovino, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, destaca-se dentre os ectoparasitas de importância econômica à pecuária nacional, tornando-se necessária a adoção de medidas de controle, particularmente em rebanhos Bos taurus e seus cruzamentos. O controle do carrapato tem sido cada vez mais difícil devido à constatação de populações resistentes aos diversos produtos em uso. Neste estudo, teve-se por objetivo conhecer a suscetibilidade desse carrapato a acaricidas em Mato Grosso do Sul. De outubro de 2003 a outubro de 2006, testes carrapaticidogramas foram realizados em onze das principais regiões pecuárias do estado. Nos testes de suscetibilidade, foi utilizada a técnica de imersão de adultos, com posterior avaliação de parâmetros biológicos. Foram testados doze acaricidas comerciais, abrangendo sete princípios ativos (isoladamente ou em associação), pertencentes a três grupos químicos: amidinas (amitraz), piretróides sintéticos (cipermetrina) e organofosforados (clorfenvinfós, clorpirifós, diazinon, diclorvós e etion). Baixa suscetibilidade foi detectada em todas as propriedades, evidenciando uma reduzida eficácia de todos os grupos químicos testados. Apesar da grande variação de suscetibilidade demonstrada pelas distintas populações a cada acaricida testado, foi possível observar um gradiente de eficácia desses produtos. Independente da classe, a eficácia média dos produtos com um único princípio ativo (19,94 por cento-64,27 por cento) foi, de modo geral, menor que a das associações, tanto entre piretróide e organofosforados (46,38 por cento-82,68 por cento), como exclusivamente entre organofosforados (85,28 por cento-97,68 por cento). A associação contendo piretróide, organofosforados, sinergista e repelente (cipermetrina + clorpirifós + butóxido de piperonila + citronelal) apresentou 100 por cento de eficácia, embora testada em menor número de populações. Embora comparações com cepas suscetíveis não tenham sido efetuadas, a baixa suscetibilidade demonstrada aos distintos produtos testados sugere que a resistência do carrapato a diferentes classes esteja amplamente disseminada no Estado, motivo pelo qual recomenda-se a realização rotineira de testes de suscetibilidade antes da seleção e aplicação de produtos acaricidas para controle do carrapato.

The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is one of the most important ectoparasites of bovines, requiring adoption of control measures mainly in Bos taurus herds and its crossbreeds. Its control has becoming increasingly difficult due to selection of resistant populations by commercial products. This study aimed to know the status of cattle tick resistance to acaricides in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. From October 2003 to October 2006 acaricide bioassays were conducted on cattle ticks from eleven of the most important livestock regions of the state. Adult immersion tests using regular commercial products according to label recommendations were followed by the evaluation of biological parameters. Twelve acaricide products containing one or more of seven active ingredients, from three chemical classes: amidine (amitraz), synthetic pyrethroid (cypermethrin), and organophosphates (chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyriphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, and ethion) were tested. Low tick susceptibility was observed in all ranches, with several populations showing virtually no susceptibility to one or more products. Despite the great variation of susceptibility shown by the populations to each acaricide, a gradient of efficacy of these products was observed. Regardless of the acaricide class, the average efficacy of products containing a single active ingredient (19.94 percent-64.27 percent) was generally lower than that showed by the mixtures, pyrethroid-organophosphate (46.38 percent-82.68 percent) and between organophosphates (85.28 percent-97.68 percent). The mixture containing pyrethroid + OF + synergist + repellent (cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos + citronellal + piperonyl butoxide) showed 100 percent efficacy, although it was tested in a smaller number of populations. Although comparisons with a susceptible strain have not been made, the low efficacy showed by the several different products tested, strongly suggests that tick resistance is widespread in the state. For this reason, it is recommended the routine peruse of susceptibility tests before selection and use of acaricide products for tick control.

Osteosarcoma with atypical location in an elderly female patient.

Osteosarcoma most frequently affects long bones, particularly around the knee, and is therefore rare in the forearm. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman presenting with progressive lesion of the distal radius. A pathological diagnosis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma was suspected and was confirmed by needle biopsy. There had been two other cases of osteosarcoma in the same family. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by amputation of the arm below the elbow.

Insecticide susceptibility of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Horn fly susceptibility to insecticides was evaluated in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from October 2000 to September 2002. Insecticide bioassays (n=57) were conducted in 38 ranches from 14 municipalities throughout the state. Horn flies from wild populations were collected on cattle and exposed to filter papers impregnated with cypermethrin, permethrin, or diazinon and mortality was assessed after two hours. Resistance to cypermethrin was detected in all populations, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 27.6 to 91.3-fold. Permethrin bioassays provided apparently low levels of resistance (RR<5), however, resistant flies were found in 96.9% of the populations based on diagnostic concentrations. From both pyrethroid bioassays, resistance was detected in 97.4% of the populations. On the other hand, a high susceptibility to diazinon (RR< or =1.1) was detected in all populations. Pyrethroid products, most cypermethrin (92.3%) and deltamethrin (66.7%), were used in all ranches controlling horn flies (97.5%). Insecticide treatments, usually incorrectly applied, were routinely delivered by manual backpack sprayers in most ranches (84.5%). This profile of insecticide use helps to explain the widespread resistance of horn flies to pyrethroids in the state as well as their high susceptibility to the organophosphate. Inadequate control practices contribute to aggravate the resistance problem and its consequences.

Insecticide susceptibility of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), a inseticidas no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Horn fly susceptibility to insecticides was evaluated in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from October 2000 to September 2002. Insecticide bioassays (n=57) were conducted in 38 ranches from 14 municipalities throughout the state. Horn flies from wild populations were collected on cattle and exposed to filter papers impregnated with cypermethrin, permethrin, or diazinon and mortality was assessed after two hours. Resistance to cypermethrin was detected in all populations, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 27.6 to 91.3-fold. Permethrin bioassays provided apparently low levels of resistance (RR<5), however, resistant flies were found in 96.9 percent of the populations based on diagnostic concentrations. From both pyrethroid bioassays, resistance was detected in 97.4 percent of the populations. On the other hand, a high susceptibility to diazinon (RR < 1.1) was detected in all populations. Pyrethroid products, most cypermethrin (92.3 percent) and deltamethrin (66.7 percent), were used in all ranches controlling horn flies (97.5 percent). Insecticide treatments, usually incorrectly applied, were routinely delivered by manual backpack sprayers in most ranches (84.5 percent). This profile of insecticide use helps to explain the widespread resistance of horn flies to pyrethroids in the state as well as their high susceptibility to the organophosphate. Inadequate control practices contribute to aggravate the resistance problem and its consequences.

A suscetibilidade da mosca-dos-chifres a inseticidas foi avaliada no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul de outubro/2000 a setembro/2002 com a realização dos ensaios biológicos (n=57) em 38 propriedades, de 14 municípios. Moscas coletadas em bovinos foram expostas a papéis de filtro impregnados com cipermetrina, permetrina, ou diazinon, registrando-se a mortalidade após duas horas. Resistência à cipermetrina foi detectada em todas as populações, com fatores de resistência (FR) entre 27,6 e 91,3. Ensaios biológicos com permetrina resultaram em níveis de resistência aparentemente baixos (FR<5), entretanto, o uso de concentrações diagnósticas evidenciaram a ocorrência de moscas resistentes em 96,9 por cento das populações. Considerando ambos os bioensaios com piretróides, 97,4 por cento das populações apresentaram resistência. De outro modo, todas as populações demonstraram elevada suscetibilidade ao diazinon (FR < 1.1). Todas as propriedades onde o controle da mosca-dos-chifres era realizado (97,5 por cento) utilizavam produtos piretróides, principalmente à base de cipermetrina (92,3 por cento) e deltametrina (66,7 por cento). Tratamentos inseticidas utilizando bombas costais manuais eram realizados em 84,5 por cento das propriedades, geralmente de forma inadequada. O perfil de uso de inseticidas nas propriedades contribui para explicar a ampla ocorrência de resistência da mosca-dos-chifres aos piretróides, assim como a elevada suscetibilidade aos organofosforados, no Estado. Práticas inadequadas de controle contribuem para agravar o problema da resistência e suas conseqüências.

Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) Associated to Cattle Dung in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil / Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) Associados a Fezes Bovinas em Campo Grande, MS

Este trabalho foi executado com o objetivo de determinar as espécies locais de estafilinídeos fimícolas, devido à importância destes predadores e ou parasitóides no controle natural de parasitos de bovinos associadas às fezes. Para tanto, massas fecais com 1, 2 e 3 dias de idade foram coletadas semanalmente em uma pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, no período de maio de 1990 a abril de 1992. As fezes foram acondicionadas em baldes plásticos, opacos, com capacidade para 15 litros, contendo aberturas lateral e no topo, onde foram fixados frascos para a captura, por um período de 40 dias, dos besouros estafilinídeos presentes nas massas fecais. Após este período a massa fecal e o solo existente nos baldes eram examinados e os insetos remanescentes recolhidos. Foi coletado um total de 13.215 exemplares, pertencendo a 34 espécies e/ou morfo espécies. Foram observados os seguintes doze gêneros: Oxytelus (3 espécies; 70,1 por cento); Falagria (1 sp.; 7,9); Aleochara (4 sp.; 5,8); Philonthus (3 sp.; 5,1); Atheta (2 sp.; 4,0); Cilea (2 sp.; 1,2); Neohypnus (1 sp.; 0,7); Lithocharis (1 sp.; 0,7); Heterothops (2 sp.; 0,6); Somoleptus (1 sp.; 0,08); Dibelonetes (1 sp.; 0,06) e, Dysanellus (1 sp.; 0,04). As sete espécies mais abundantes, constantes e ou freqüentes, seguidas, respectivamente, pelo percentual de indivíduos coletado, foram: Oxytelus sp.1 (38,8 por cento); Oxytelus sp.2 (28,1); Falagria sp. (7,9); Philonthus sp.1 (4,1); Atheta sp.1 (3,7); Aleochara sp.1 (3,6) e Oxytelus sp.3 (3,2). Doze presumíveis espécies (3,6 por cento do total coletado) foram identificadas apenas até família.

This work was carried out in order to determinate the local fimiculous Staphylinidae species due to these predators and or parasites importance on the natural control of the dung associated bovine parasites. For that, fecal masses 1, 2 and 3 days old were weekly collected on a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf, from May 1990 through April 1992. The feces were conditioned in 15-liter opaque plastic buckets, containing lateral and top openings, where flasks were fastened for capturing Staphylinidae beetles present in these masses, during a 40-day period. After this period the soil and fecal masses from the buckets were examined and the remaining insects collected. A total of 13215 specimens were collected, belonging to 34 species. The following twelve Genera were observed: Oxytelus (3 species; 70.1 percent of the specimens collected); Falagria (1 sp.; 7.9); Aleochara (4 sp.; 5.8); Philonthus (3 sp.; 5.1); Atheta (2 sp.; 4.0); Cilea (2 sp.; 1.2); Neohypnus (1 sp.; 0.7); Lithocharis (1 sp.; 0.7); Heterothops (2 sp.; 0.6); Somoleptus (1 sp.; 0.08); Dibelonetes (1 sp.; 0.06) and, Dysanellus (1 sp.; 0.04). The seven most abundant, constant, and or frequent species, followed respectively by the percentage of collected specimens, were: Oxytelus sp.1 (38.8 percent); Oxytelus sp.2 (28.1); Falagria sp. (7.9); Philonthus sp.1 (4.1); Atheta sp.1 (3.7); Aleochara sp.1 (3.6), and Oxytelus sp.3 (3.2). Twelve species (3.6 percent of the collected specimens) were determined as far as family only.

Susceptibility to diazinon in populations of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), in Central Brazil.

From October 2000 to April 2001, insecticide bioassays were conducted in 18 ranches from 10 counties in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, in Central Brazil. Horn flies from wild populations were exposed to diazinon-impregnated filter papers immediately after collection on cattle, and mortality was recorded after 2 h. A high susceptibility to diazinon was observed in all tested populations. The LC50s ranged from 0.15 to 0.64 micro g/cm2, and resistance ratios were always lower than one (ranging 0.1-0.6). Pyrethroid products, most applied by backpack sprayers, have been used since the horn fly entered the region, about 10 years ago. The high susceptibility observed to diazinon indicates that this insecticide (as probably other organophosphate insecticides) represents an useful tool for horn fly control and resistance management, particularly in pyrethroid-resistant populations.

Susceptibility to diazinon in populations of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), in Central Brazil

From October 2000 to April 2001, insecticide bioassays were conducted in 18 ranches from 10 counties in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, in Central Brazil. Horn flies from wild populations were exposed to diazinon-impregnated filter papers immediately after collection on cattle, and mortality was recorded after 2 h. A high susceptibility to diazinon was observed in all tested populations. The LC50s ranged from 0.15 to 0.64 æg/cm², and resistance ratios were always lower than one (ranging 0.1-0.6). Pyrethroid products, most applied by backpack sprayers, have been used since the horn fly entered the region, about 10 years ago. The high susceptibility observed to diazinon indicates that this insecticide (as probably other organophosphate insecticides) represents an useful tool for horn fly control and resistance management, particularly in pyrethroid-resistant populations

Dípteros fanídeos vetores de ovos de Dermatobia hominis em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul / Fanniid diptera vectors of Dermatobia hominis eggs in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

Determinou-se a importância epidemiológica de dípteros Fanniidae na infestaçäo de mosca-do-berne, por meio da identificaçäo das espécies presentes, da determinaçäo daquelas utilizadas por Dermatobia hominis na veiculaçäo de seus ovos, bem como, pelo conhecimento da dinâmica populacional das espécies mais abundantes. Foram utilizadas cinco armadilhas iscadas com fígado bovino cru deteriorado e colocadas em uma mata ciliar margeada por uma área de pastagem com presença constante de bovinos. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área da Embrapa Gado de Corte, em Campo Grande, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, localizada a 20º27'S e 54º37'W. A captura dos insetos foi realizada semanalmente durante o período de 09/08/1999 a 03/08/2000. Foi capturado um total de 40.629 moscas da família Fanniidae, pertencendo a cinco espécies do gênero Fannia: F. pusio, F. heydenii, F. bahiensis e F. longipila, e uma a ser identificada. A espécie mais freqüente foi F. pusio, com 63,20 por cento do total capturado, seguida de F. heydenii, com 28,82 por cento. Somente 0,44 por cento do total de fêmeas de F. heydenii (45 exemplares) capturadas, principalmente nos meses de agosto e setembro, portavam ovos de D. hominis e o número médio, por indivíduo, foi de 15,98±7,13. Observaram-se ovos de D. hominis apenas na regiäo abdominal dos vetores. F. heydenii predominou no período seco (maio a setembro) e início do período chuvoso do ano (outubro e novembro). O número de exemplares portando ovos de D. hominis foi maior no final do período seco do ano, o que explica a alta incidência deste parasito em bovinos nos meses de setembro e outubro

BmTI antigens induce a bovine protective immune response against Boophilus microplus tick.

Boophilus microplus trypsin inhibitors (BmTIs) present in larvae were preliminarily characterized as active proteins, approximately 10-18 kDa, by SDS-PAGE. BmTIs showed trypsin inhibitory activity on reverse zymography containing gelatin (0.03%) and also inhibited others serine proteinases (human neutrophil elastase and human plasma kallikrein). Bos indicus, Nelore breed calves, previously sensitized with BmTIs and challenged with tick larvae (20,000 larvae/animal), showed 72.8% efficacy to interfere in tick development with 69.7% and 71.3% reduction of both tick number and egg weight, respectively. Cattle BmTls antiserum titer was approximately 1:8000. The maximum level of BmTls antibody production was detected 40 days after the first immunization by ELISA. Our preliminary results suggest that B. microplus serine proteinase inhibitors may play a role in the tick larvae fixation and feeding processes. Therefore, the development of antibodies against BmTIs might impair the normal parasitism.