Monitoramento da periodicidade dos exames relacionados à saúde da mulher na Atenção Básica

Resumo: Foi observado que o rastreamento do câncer a partir do exame citopatológico e da mamografia é uma das atribuições dos enfermeiros na atenção básica. Em um território situado na cidade de vitória/ES, muitas mulheres não realizam preventivo e as que realizam não retornam para buscar os resultados, ocasionando atraso no tratamento. Identificamos a necessidade de criar um instrumento para auxiliar a mulher quanto a periodicidade dos exames, incentivando a participação popular nos cuidados de saúde. Neste sentido, o objetivo é relatar a experiência da elaboração de um cartão para orientação e controle da periodicidade dos exames para detecção do câncer de mama e de colo uterino e a inserção e distribuição do instrumento durante ação educativa coletiva na unidade. Realizamos reuniões para identificarmos os pontos a serem abordados no cartão e revisões bibliográficas sobre a temática. O instrumento intitulado como "Cartão Rastreio câncer de mama e de colo uterino", possui espaço para a identificação da usuária, explicação sobre a periodicidade dos exames e estilo de vida saudável. Destinamos ao profissional páginas para o preenchimento relacionado aos exames de rastreios realizados por esse usuário ao longo da vida. Concluímos que o instrumento proporciona o melhor monitoramento dos preventivos e das mamografias realizadas e contribui para a atuação profissional.

New insights about the effect of the synthesis method on the CuOCeO2 redox properties and catalytic performance towards CO-PROX reaction for fuel cell applications.

The preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX) is promoted at the interface between CuO and CeO2. For this reason, different synthesis methods of CuO/CeO2 catalysts have been investigated in order to maximize this interface. However, the understanding of the effect of CuO/CeO2 catalysts preparation method on the redox properties and CO-PROX reaction performance is still unclear. In the present work, 2 wt% CuO/CeO2 catalysts were prepared by four synthesis methods, namely co-precipitation with ammonium hydroxide (CP), deposition-precipitation with ammonium hydroxide (DA) or urea (DU), and impregnation (IM). The materials were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, H2-TPR, REDOX cycles, N2O passivation and applied to the CO-PROX reaction. The catalytic performance of the investigated materials was evaluated by the TOF values of CO oxidation. CuCe (CP) and CuCe (DU) catalysts were the most stable in terms of redox properties and the most active in the CO-PROX reaction. On the other hand, the CuCe (DA) catalyst presented the least stable behaviour during the redox cycles and the worst performance in CO-PROX reaction. These results clearly show that the stability of the CuO/CeO2 interface, submitted to successive redox cycles, plays a significant role towards the CO-PROX reaction and that this stability depends on the employed synthesis method.

The influence of hydroxy groups on the adsorption of three-carbon alcohols on Ni(111), Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces: a density functional theory study within the D3 dispersion correction.

Experimentally, steric and inductive effects have been suggested as key parameters in the adsorption and reactivity of alcohols on transition-metal (TM) surfaces, however, our atomistic understanding of the behavior of alcohols in catalysis is far from satisfactory, in particular, due to the role of hydroxy groups in the adsorption properties of C3 alcohols on TM surfaces. In this study, we investigated those effects through ab initio calculations based on density functional theory employing a semilocal exchange-correlation functional within van der Waals corrections (the D3 framework) for the adsorption of C3 alcohols with different numbers and positions of OH groups, namely, propane, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol and glycerol, on the compact Ni(111), Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces. As expected, we found that the adsorption energy is affected by the number of hydroxy groups with similar values for each pair of regioisomers, which clearly indicates the effect of the number of OH groups. Based on Bader charge analysis, we found an effective charge transfer from the C3 molecules to the substrates, which can explain the reduction in the work function due to adsorption. Upon adsorption, the alpha carbon to the OH group closest to the surface and the central carbon are the most positively charged atoms, which increases the lability of their bonded H atoms. In addition, the depletion of electron density between the C-H and O-H bonds closer to the surfaces corroborated their stretching, suggesting that the proximity of the adsorbates to the surfaces affects the acidity of these H atoms, as well as inductive effects within the molecules.

Tracionamento de incisivo central superior impactado com apoio em barra transpalatina modificada: relato de caso / Traction of impacted upper central incisor with the aid of a modi-fied transpalatal bar: case report

Introdução: A impacção do incisivo central superior é uma condição desafiadora para os cirurgiões-dentistas e necessita, geralmente, de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. A não irrupção deste dente pode ocorrer devido à falta de espaço na arcada dentária, às alterações de erupções dos dentes decíduos e/ou permanentes, à presença de dentes supranumerários ou lesões patológicas adjacentes, e ao denso revestimento ósseo ou excesso de tecido mole local. O planejamento adequado e tratamento precoce podem minimizar os desconfortos estéticos e funcionais do paciente, evitando interferências negativas em seu desenvolvimento biopsicossocial. Objetivo: Apresentar um caso clínico de tracionamento de incisivo central superior impactado com apoio em barra transpalatina modificada em paciente infantil. Relato de Caso: Paciente do gênero masculino, 13 anos de idade, em desconforto estético com o sorriso devido à retenção prolongada do incisivo decíduo. Nos exames de imagem, notou-se a impacção do incisivo permanente, além de uma imagem sugestiva de odontoma composto e agenesia dos incisivos laterais permanentes. No primeiro momento, foi realizado a exodontia do incisivo e canino decíduo e exérese do odontoma composto, aguardando-se a erupção espontânea do incisivo permanente. Diante da irrupção incompleta do incisivo permanente no período de 6 meses, optou-se pelo seu tracionamento por meio da colagem de um botão ortodôntico e utilização de amarrilhos apoiados em uma barra transpalatina modificada. Resultado: Paciente encontra-se com o incisivo permamente erupcionado, aguardando correção ortodôntica para melhor alinhamento e nivelamento dentário. Conclusão: A barra transpalatina modificada é um importante aparato ortodôntico para o apoio do amarrilho durante o tracionamento do incisivo impactado em pacientes com impossibilidade do uso do aparelho ortodôntico fixo.

Introduction: Impacted maxillary central incisor is a challenging condition for dentists, generally requiring a multidisciplinary approach. It can occur due to lack of space in the dental arch, primary or permanent successor dental alterations, presence of supernumerary teeth and/or associated pathological lesions, or due to a dense bony coating and excess local soft tissue. Careful planning and early intervention become essential to minimize esthetic and functional compromises, avoiding negative interference to the patient's psychological and social development. Objective: Report a clinical case in pediatric patient related to the impaction of the permanent upper central incisor and its orthodontic traction with the modified transpalatal bar. Case Report: 13-year-old male patient with esthetic discomfort in his smile due to prolonged retention of the deciduous incisor. Imaging exams identified impaction of the permanent incisor and suggestive image of compound odontoma, as well as agenesis of the permanent lateral incisors. In the first moment, an extraction of the deciduous incisor and canines was performed along with the excision of the compound odontoma, while awaiting spontaneous eruption of the permanent incisor. Faced with an incomplete eruption of the permanent incisor during a 6 month period, the incisor traction was opted for with the aid of an orthodontic button and rubber bands supported by a modified transpalatal bar. Results: Patient is found with the central incisor erupted, awaiting fixed orthodontic treatment for correct dental alignment and leveling. Conclusion:The modified transpalatal bar is an important component for supporting the wire during the impacted incisor traction in patients unable to use fixed orthodontic appliances.

Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de mortalidade materna / Sociodemorgraphical and clinical profile of maternal mortality

Objetivo: conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico sobre a mortalidade materna. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, sendo o universo da pesquisa composto por todos os óbitos maternos ocorridos no período de 2004 a 2015 no Estado da Bahia/Brasil. Deu-se a coleta de dados por meio de dados secundários disponíveis on-line no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. Utilizaram-se para a tabulação e a análise dos dados, o programa Microsoft Office Excel, versão 2016, apresentando-se os resultados em forma de tabelas e figuras. Resultados: constatou-se que o número de mortes maternas no período analisado correspondeu a 1.907, com maior prevalência na faixa etária entre 20 e 29 anos (39,12%), em mulheres de cor parda (59,25%), solteiras (50,87%) e a ocorrência em ambiente hospitalar (88,99%). Viu-se que as causas obstétricas diretas (61,46%) ocorreram significativamente por eclâmpsia (12,89%). Conclusão: evidenciam-se nos resultados que a mortalidade materna é um grave problema de saúde pública e que o conhecimento sobre as circunstâncias e ocorrências das mortes maternas é fundamental para o planejamento de ações e estratégias de saúde.(AU)

Combining active phase and support optimization in MnO2-Au nanoflowers: Enabling high activities towards green oxidations.

Among the several classes of chemical reactions, the green oxidation of organic compounds has emerged as an important topic in nanocatalysis. Nonetheless, examples of truly green oxidations remain scarce due to the low activity and selectivity of reported catalysts. In this paper, we present an approach based on the optimization of both the support material and the active phase to achieve superior catalytic performances towards green oxidations. Specifically, our catalysts consisted of ultrasmall Au NPs deposited onto MnO2 nanoflowers. They displayed hierarchical morphology, large specific surface areas, ultrasmall and uniform Au NPs sizes, no agglomeration, strong metal-support interactions, oxygen vacancies, and Auδ+ species at their surface. These features led to improved performances towards the green oxidations of CO, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, glucose, and fructose relative to the pristine MnO2 nanoflowers, commercial MnO2 decorated with Au NPs, and other reported catalysts. We believe that the catalytic activities, stabilities, and mild/green reaction conditions described herein for both gas and liquid phase oxidations due to the optimization of both the support and active phase may inspire the development of novel catalytic systems for a wealth of sustainable transformations.

How do random superficial defects influence the electro-oxidation of glycerol on Pt(111) surfaces?

The glycerol electrooxidation reaction (GEOR) has attracted huge interest in the last decade due to the very low price and availability of this polyol. In this work, we studied the GEOR on Pt(111) electrodes by introducing different densities of random defects. Our results showed that the generation of defects on Pt(111) slightly modified the GEOR onset potential, however it generates changes in the voltammetric oxidation charges and also in the relative production of CO2 to carbonyl containing compounds, C[double bond, length as m-dash]O. The voltammetric profiles in the forward scan show two oxidation peaks. FTIR data show that the first one is connected with the GlOH dissociative adsorption to form CO (and others intermediates) while the second one, at higher potentials, matches the onsets of the CO oxidation to CO2 and the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O production. FTIR also confirms that the lower activity of defected electrodes at lower potentials is connected to a higher CO poisoning. DFT calculations show that the presence of CO molecules on a Pt defected surface keeps water and GlOH molecules far from the surface and linked by H bonds. This paper is the last of a series of three works where we explore the GEOR on an important number of different Pt surfaces. These works show that it is difficult to oxidize GlOH at potentials lower than 0.6 V (under our experimental conditions) without suffering an important electrode poisoning (mainly by CO). Since the structure of nanoparticles might be mimicked by defected single crystals, these sets of reports provide a considerable amount of information concerning the influence of such surfaces towards GlOH reaction in acidic media. Therefore, if the well-known "nano"-effect does not produce substantial changes in the activity of Pt materials, they are not useful to be applied in a Direct Glycerol Fuel Cell (DGFC). On the other hand, it is very interesting that the density of electrode defects permits us to tune the relative production of CO2 to C[double bond, length as m-dash]O.

New insights into the formation mechanism of Ag, Au and AgAu nanoparticles in aqueous alkaline media: alkoxides from alcohols, aldehydes and ketones as universal reducing agents.

In this report we present new insights into the formation mechanism of Ag, Au and AgAu nanoparticles with alcohols, aldehydes and ketones in alkaline medium at room temperature. We selected methanol, ethanol, glycerol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone to demonstrate their capability of reducing gold and silver ions under the above-mentioned conditions. We showed that the particles are also formed with potassium tert-butoxide in the absence of hydroxides. Our results strongly suggest that alkoxides, formed from any molecule containing a hydroxyl or a functional group capable of generating them in alkaline medium, are the actual and universal reducing agent of silver and gold ions, in opposition to the currently accepted mechanisms. The universality of the reaction mechanism proposed in this work may impact on the production of noble nanoparticles with simple chemicals normally found in standard laboratories.

O perfil clínico epidemiológico dos usuários da rede de urgências no interior de Pernambuco / El perfil clínico epidemiológico de los usuarios de la red de emergencia en el interior de Pernambuco / The epidemiological clinical profile of users of the emergency network in the countryside of pernambuco

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes atendido na rede de urgência/emergência do município de Petrolina-PE. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipo descritivo-exploratório. Esteve em conformidade com a resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde em sua integralidade, desenvolvido após aprovação pelo comitê de ética sob protocolo n. 0006/270611. Resultados: A maioria da população entrevistada era do sexo feminino (72%), casados (45,3%) e com a faixa etária entre 30 e 49 anos (57%). A renda familiar encontra-se concentrada na faixa de 1 a 3 salários mínimos (83,2%), tendo a maior parte dos usuários o 2º grau completo (67%). As doenças cardíacas/circulatórias, respiratórias e os acidentes de automóveis foram os principais motivos que levaram os entrevistados a procurarem algum componente da rede de urgência. Conclusão: Com os resultados alcançados pode-se concluir que, o setor hospitalar ainda é muito requisitado dentro da rede de urgência, entretanto a UBS ganhou maior destaque sendo a referência da população estudada nos casos emergências.

Objetivo: determinar el perfil clínico epidemiológico de pacientes sirvió en emergencia red/emergencia del municipio de Petrolina, en Pernambuco. Método: este fue un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo exploratorio. Fue de conformidad con la resolución del Consejo Nacional de la Salud 196/96 de en su integridad, desarrollada después de la aprobación por el Comité de Ética bajo del protocolo 0006/270611. Resultados: la mayoría de la población entrevistada fue hembra (72%), casadas (45,3%) y con la edad entre 30 y 49 años (57%). Ingresos de los hogares se concentran en el rango de los 1 a 3 salarios mínimos (83,2%), tener a la mayoría de los usuarios el grado completo 2 (67%). Conclusión: Con los resultados obtenidos puede concluirse que el sector hospitalario sigue siendo muy solicitados dentro de la red de urgencia sin embargo UBS ganó prominencia mayor siendo la referencia de la población estudiada en emergencia servicios.

Objective: to determine the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients served in emergency network/emergence of municipality of Petrolina-Pernambuco. Methods: this was a quantitative study, descriptive-exploratory type. It was in accordance with the resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council in its completeness, developed after approval by the Ethics Committee under Protocol 0006/270611. Results: the majority of the population interviewed was female (72%), married (45.3%) and with the age between 30 and 49 years old (57%). Household income is concentrated in the range of 1 to 3 minimum wages (83.2%), having the most users the complete Secondary School (67%). Conclusion: With the results achieved can be concluded that the hospital sector is still very requested within the network of urgency however UBS gained wider prominence being the reference of the studied population where emergency services.

Glycerol electro-oxidation over glassy-carbon-supported Au nanoparticles: direct influence of the carbon support on the electrode catalytic activity.

Glycerol is at present abundantly co-produced in the biodiesel fabrication and can be used as fuel in Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells (DGFC) for cogeneration of electricity, value-added chemicals and heat. With this motivation, in the present work, we investigated at a fundamental level the oxidation of glycerol over glassy carbon (GC) supported Au nanoparticles in alkaline medium using cyclic voltammetry. By controlling the Au deposition time, we varied the GC supported Au coverage from 0.4% to 30% maintaining a regular particle size distribution with a mean particle size of about 200 nm. An influence of the carbon support on the activity of the GC-supported Au nanoparticles was evidenced. Results from studies on the oxidation of glycerol and ethylene glycol on Au and Pt nanoparticles supported on a glassy carbon, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and dimensionally stable anode under different pH conditions indicate that the carbon support participates actively in the oxidation of glycerol and other alcohols. We propose that active oxygenated species are gradually formed on the glassy carbon by potential cycling (up to the saturation of the carbon area) and these oxygenated species are additional oxygen suppliers for the oxidation of glycerol residues adsorbed on the Au particles, following a mechanism consisting of the synergism of two active elements: gold and carbon.

Vibrational spectroscopic observation of ice dewetting on MgO(001).

The properties of the interfacial water monolayer on MgO(001) during growth of multilayer ice and, in particular, the dewetting of crystalline ice on MgO(001) are revealed by vibrational sum frequency generation and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy.

Análise do movimento inicial de molares superiores submetidos a forças extrabucais: estudo 3D / Analysis of initial movement of maxillary molars submitted to extraoral forces: a 3D study

OBJETIVO: analisar pelo método dos elementos finitos o deslocamento dos molares superiores frente a três diferentes inclinações do arco externo do aparelho extrabucal na tração do tipo cervical. MÉTODOS: maxila, dentes montados em má oclusão de Classe II e aparelho foram modelados através de formulação variacional e seus valores reproduzidos em coordenadas X, Y e Z. Foram realizadas simulações em microcomputador tipo PC, utilizando o programa ANSYS versão 8.1. Cada modelo de arco externo reproduziu linhas de força que passaram (1) acima (AcCR), (2) abaixo (AbCR) e (3) no centro de resistência (CR) do molar permanente superior de um mesmo modelo portador de má oclusão de Classe II. A avaliação restringiu-se ao movimento inicial dos molares frente à força extrabucal de 4 Newtons. RESULTADOS: o movimento distal inicial dos molares, tendo como ponto de referência a mesial do tubo, foi maior na coroa do modelo AbCR (0,47x10-6), e maior na raiz do modelo AcCR (0,32x10-6), provocando inclinações da coroa para distal e mesial, respectivamente. No modelo CR, os pontos na coroa (0,15x10-6) e raiz (0,12x10-6) deslocaram-se para distal equilibradamente, resultando em movimento de translação. Em todos os modelos, numa vista oclusal, houve tendência de rotação distal inicial da coroa, porém no modelo CR esse movimento foi muito pequeno. No sentido vertical (Z), todos os modelos revelaram movimento extrusivo (AbCR= 0,18x10-6; CR= 0,62x10-6; AcCR= 0,72x10-6). CONCLUSÃO: a simulação computacional do uso de aparelho extrabucal com tração cervical revelou a ocorrência de movimento extrusivo e distal, podendo ser por inclinação distal de coroa, de raiz ou movimento de translação.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze maxillary molar displacement by applying three different angulations to the outer bow of cervical-pull headgear, using the finite element method (FEM). METHODS: Maxilla, teeth set up in Class II malocclusion and equipment were modeled through variational formulation and their values represented in X, Y, Z coordinates. Simulations were performed using a PC computer and ANSYS software version 8.1. Each outer bow model reproduced force lines that ran above (ACR) (1), below (BCR) (2) and through the center of resistance (CR) (3) of the maxillary permanent molars of each Class II model. Evaluation was limited to the initial movement of molars submitted to an extraoral force of 4 Newtons. RESULTS: The initial distal movement of the molars, using as reference the mesial surface of the tube, was higher in the crown of the BCR model (0.47x10-6) as well as in the root of the ACR (0.32x10-6) model, causing the crown to tip distally and mesially, respectively. On the CR model, the points on the crown (0.15 x10-6) and root (0.12 x10-6) moved distally in a balanced manner, which resulted in bodily movement. In occlusal view, the crowns on all models showed a tendency towards initial distal rotation, but on the CR model this movement was very small. In the vertical direction (Z), all models displayed extrusive movement (BCR 0.18 x10-6; CR 0.62 x10-6; ACR 0.72x10-6). CONCLUSIONS: Computer simulations of cervical-pull headgear use disclosed the presence of extrusive and distal movement, distal crown and root tipping, or bodily movement.

Síndrome de incisivo central superior mediano: relato de caso / Syndrome of the single median maxilarry central incisor: case report

A síndrome do incisivo central superior mediano inclui uma variedade de sinais clínicos decorrentes de defeitos de desenvolvimento das estruturas medianas da face e da parte anterior do cérebro. A agenesia de um dos incisivos centrais superiores é um dos sinais clínicos que caracteriza essa síndrome e, por se tratar de anomalia presente na cavidade bucal, institui o cirurgião dentista como um dos primeiros profissionais a ter contato com esses pacientes. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um paciente com tal síndrome, buscando promover o embasamento dos profissionais para que estejam qualificados a diagnosticar, orientar e tratar esses pacientes.

Biometria de frutos e sementes de Butia capitata (Mart.) Beccari (Arecaceae), em vegetação natural no Norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Fruit and seed biometry of Butia capitata (Mart.) Beccari (Arecaceae), in the natural vegetation of the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil

O fruto do coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata (Mart.) Beccari) possui grande importância social e econômica para as comunidades que estão localizadas próximas a áreas de sua ocorrência. Características biométricas de frutos e sementes são importantes para a distinção de espécies, para a formação de lotes mais uniformes de sementes, para estudos de dispersão e de estabelecimento de plântulas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e correlacionar as principais características biométricas dos frutos e sementes de coquinho-azedo, para que possa gerar informações das potencialidades produtivas e econômicas dessa espécie. Para a condução deste experimento, foram utilizados 2.050 frutos maduros de coquinho-azedo, coletados em 41 plantas. As características avaliadas foram: o diâmetro longitudinal e o diâmetro equatorial dos frutos, a massa fresca média do fruto, a massa fresca, seca e a umidade média da polpa (epicarpo + mesocarpo), a massa fresca do pirênio (endocarpo+semente), o número de sementes por fruto, além da percentagem de polpa e pirênio do fruto. Obteve-se em média um diâmetro longitudinal de 26,87 mm (± 2,77), um diâmetro equatorial de 21,10 mm (± 1,67) e uma massa fresca média do fruto de 8,02 g (± 1,73). A polpa do fruto representa, em massa, aproximadamente 80 por cento do fruto. Observaram-se correlações positivas e significativas da massa e diâmetros do fruto com a maioria das características avaliadas, o que sugere que frutos de tamanho e massa maiores possuem tanto polpa como o pirênio mais pesados e maior número sementes por fruto. Em 99 por cento dos frutos analisados ocorreu somente uma semente não sendo observados frutos paternocárpicos ou com mais de duas sementes.

The fruit "coquinho-azedo" (Butia capitata (Mart.) Beccari), has a great social and economic importance to the communities located close to its distribution areas. Biometric characteristics of fruit and seed are important for the distinction of species, for the formation of more uniform seed lots, for the studies of dispersion and seedling establishing. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine and correlate main fruit and seed biometrical characteristics of the "coquinho-azedo" in order to provide information on the productive and economic potentialities of this species. In this experiment, 2.050 mature "coquinho-azedo" fruits were collected at 41 plants. The evaluated characteristics had been: the longitudinal diameter and the equatorial diameter of the fruits, the average the fresh mass of the fruit, the fresh and dry mass and the average humidity of the pulp (epicarp + mesocarp), the fresh mass of the pyrene (endocarp + seed), the number of seeds, and also the percentage of pulp e pyrene of the fruit. An average longitudinal diameter of 26,87 mm (± 2,77), an equatorial diameter of 21,10 mm (± 1,67) and an fresh average fruit mass of 8,02 g (± 1,73) were obtained. The fruit pulp represents, in mass, approximately 80 percent of the fruit. The mass and diameter of the fruit showed significant and positive correlations with most valued characteristics, suggesting that fruits of bigger size and mass have heavier pulp and pyrene and more seeds per fruit. In 99 percent of the fruit examined only one seed was not is observed parthenocarpic fruits or more than two seeds fruits.

Asymmetric headgear for differential molar movement: a study using finite element analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of four different asymmetric headgear systems. DESIGN: A mathematical method for three-dimensional data called finite element analysis. SETTING: The Orthodontic Department, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and the Metallurgical Engineering Department of the Fluminense Federal University. METHODS: Four systems of delivering an asymmetrical force to headgear were studied: using face-bow arms of different lengths, a symmetric face-bow with one of the arms bent outward in relation to the internal arch, a symmetric face-bow used in combination with a transpalatal arch activated to produce an asymmetric force, and a symmetric face-bow with the outer bow soldered to the inner bow on the side where a larger force will be applied. RESULTS: All four systems were effective in promoting asymmetric distal movement of the molars. However, the symmetrical face-bow with the outer bow soldered to the inner bow (system 4) could be used in asymmetric mechanics if the bows are soldered on the opposite side to the proposed distalization. Lateral and occlusal displacing forces were observed in all systems as well as tip-back and rotational movements. CONCLUSION: The simulated computer model used in this investigation suggests that a face-bow with a symmetrically soldered joint and arms of equal lengths used in combination with a transpalatal arch is the best headgear option when asymmetric movement of upper molars is desired.

Effect of crown fracture on the surrounding periodontium.

Clinical and histological alterations were analyzed in the periodontium of dog's teeth that had been submitted to crown fracture. To reach the long axis of the tooth, an impact device was applied to eight teeth of four adult dogs to produce trauma. Crown fractures involving the enamel and dentin, with or without pulpar exposure and without dislocation, mobility or gingival bleeding were analyzed within the post-trauma periods of 30 min, 1, 3, and 7 days. The force of impact that resulted in coronary fracture, although dissipated at the time of fracture, reverberated in the surrounding periodontium and may generate not only light histological alterations with a rapid re-establishment of the tissues, but also an intense inflammatory condition required as long as 7 days to clear up. The gravity of these inflammatory reactions unleashed in these teeth's periapical tissues depends on the absorption of impact by the periodontal structures and the individual susceptibility of each organism.

Clinical and histological alterations in the surrounding periodontium of dog's teeth submitted for an intrusive luxation.

The clinical and histological alterations on periodontium of dog's teeth after an intrusion luxation was analyzed. An impact device was used on 12 teeth of six adult dogs with the purpose of making a dislocation on the long axis of these teeth. Of the teeth that suffer intrusion luxation, two did not receive treatment and ten were replaced by orthodontic extrusion with activated springs of 100 gf. The traction was initiated either immediately after the trauma or 7 days later. Observation time was 40 days. Endodontic therapy with calcium hydroxide was performed on the fourteenth day after the intrusive luxation. The intruded teeth that did not receive appropriate treatment had signs of extensive and progressive inflammatory resorption. The teeth that were moved immediately after the trauma had lesser degree of replacement resorption compared with those that were extruded 7 days after the trauma.