RESUMO
This study evaluated the influence of nitrogen levels (N) and plant density (D) on the tillering dynamics of Tanzania guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 12 treatments and two replicates in a factorial scheme (4 × 3) with four levels of N (0, 80, 160 or 320 kg ha-1 N) and three plant densities (9, 25, and 49 plant m-²). Higher number of tillers was observed in the treatment with 9 plants m-² and under higher levels of N, especially in the second and third generations. Still, the N influenced quadratically the appearance rate of basal and total tillers, which were also affected by plant density and interaction N × D. However, the appearance rate of aerial tiller was not influenced by factors evaluated. The mortality rate of total tiller was influenced quadratically by the nitrogen levels and plant densities. The mortality rate of basal tiller responded quadratically to plant density, whereas the mortality rate of aerial tiller increased linearly with fertilization. Pastures with low or intermediate densities fertilized with nitrogen, presented a more intense pattern of tiller renewal.
RESUMO
This study evaluated the influence of nitrogen levels (N) and plant density (D) on the tillering dynamics of Tanzania guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 12 treatments and two replicates in a factorial scheme (4 × 3) with four levels of N (0, 80, 160 or 320 kg ha-1 N) and three plant densities (9, 25, and 49 plant m-²). Higher number of tillers was observed in the treatment with 9 plants m-² and under higher levels of N, especially in the second and third generations. Still, the N influenced quadratically the appearance rate of basal and total tillers, which were also affected by plant density and interaction N × D. However, the appearance rate of aerial tiller was not influenced by factors evaluated. The mortality rate of total tiller was influenced quadratically by the nitrogen levels and plant densities. The mortality rate of basal tiller responded quadratically to plant density, whereas the mortality rate of aerial tiller increased linearly with fertilization. Pastures with low or intermediate densities fertilized with nitrogen, presented a more intense pattern of tiller renewal.
RESUMO
The experiment was carried out aiming to investigate the influence of natural deposition of cattle droppings on population density of several classes of tillers on the Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk pasture managed under continuous stocking. Two places on the same pasture were evaluated: one near (immediately adjacent) and one far, about 1.0 m, from the cattle droppings. Randomized block design with three repetitions was used. Tillers were classified according to the developmental stage, growth origin, defoliation rate and length. The number of vegetative tillers was higher (P 0.05) at the place that was far from the droppings (1.851 perfilhos/ m2) than at the one near them (848 perfilhos/m2). The number of reproductive tillers was higher (P 0.05) at the place near the droppings. Being near or far from the droppings showed no impact on the population density of dead tillers (584 perfilhos/m2 mean). The number of basal tiller and aerial tillers were higher (P 0.05) at the place far from the droppings, when collated to the place near the droppings. The population densities of both defoliated tillers and tillers without shoot meristem, far from the droppings, were higher (P 0.05), while the population density of nondefoliated tillers was higher (P 0.05) at the place found near the droppings. The shortest tillers were common (P 0.05) at the place far fro
O experimento foi conduzido objetivando-se investigar a influência da deposição natural das fezes pelos bovinos sobre a densidade populacional de diversas classes de perfilhos no pasto de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk manejada sob lotação contínua. Os tratamentos foram dois locais, um próximo (imediatamente adjacente) e outro distante cerca de 1,0 m das fezes excretadas pelos bovinos, avaliados em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os perfilhos foram classificados quanto à origem de desenvolvimento, nível de desfolhação e ao comprimento. O número de perfilhos vegetativos foi maior no local distante (1851 perfilhos/m2) do que naquele próximo das fezes (848 perfilhos/m2). O número de perfilhos reprodutivos foi maior nos locais próximos das fezes. Não foi observado efeito da localização das fezes sobre a densidade populacional de perfilhos mortos. O número de perfilhos basais e aéreos foi superior no local distante, quando comparados ao do local próximo das fezes. Houve maiores densidades populacionais de perfilhos desfolhados e sem meristema apical nos locais distantes das fezes, enquanto que a densidade populacional de perfilhos não desfolhados foi maior nos locais próximos das fezes. Os perfilhos menores foram mais frequentes (P 0,05) nos locais distantes das fezes, enquanto que os perfilhos maiores foram mais frequentes nos locais próximos das fezes. Em pa