Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Efecto del ejercicio y actividad física respecto a la calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson: Revisión sistemática / Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review / Efeitos do exercício e da atividade física na qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de Parkinson: Uma revisão sistemática

Resumen Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática sobre el efecto que tiene el ejercicio y la actividad física respecto a la calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson. Metodología: bajo los elementos de informe preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis de la metodología PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando las bases de datos de Scopus, Springer, Oxford académico. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión donde los documentos fueron filtrados, clasificados y seleccionados según su relación con el objeto de estudio y criterios de exclusión bajo los criterios establecidos para la estrategia PICOS. La revisión no se registró a priori en ninguna base de datos y no se publicó un protocolo de revisión. Se incluyeron dieciséis estudios en la revisión. Resultados: los datos evidencian que los factores que inciden en el efecto del ejercicio físico sobre la calidad de vida en pacientes con EP están relacionados a los bajos niveles de actividad física y la falta de ejercicio físico agudo. En cuanto a las intervenciones se resalta el ejercicio asesorado por fisioterapia, boxeo, taichí, aquaterapia y diferentes tipos de entrenamientos. Conclusión: se determina que el efecto del ejercicio y la actividad física en los pacientes con EP está relacionado con el bienestar que experimenta cada persona en su calidad de vida. A su vez, se presume que intervenciones de ejercicio y actividad física dentro de las 6 y 12 semanas mejora síntomas motores, cognitivos, y alteraría la actividad cerebral en personas con EP. Esta revisión puede guiar estudios futuros que apunten a llenar los vacíos existentes con respecto a los efectos del ejercicio y actividad física respecto a la calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the effects of exercise and physical activity on the quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methodology: Under the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the PRISMA methodology, a literature review was conducted using the Scopus, Springer, and Oxford academic databases. Inclusion criteria were established where documents were filtered, classified, and selected according to their relation to the object of study, and exclusion criteria under the criteria established for the PICOS strategy. The review was not registered a priori in any database, and a review protocol was not published. Sixteen studies were included in the review. Results: The data show that the factors influencing the effects of physical exercise on the quality of life in PD patients are related to low levels of physical activity and lack of acute physical exercise. In terms of interventions, exercise advised by physiotherapy, boxing, Tai Chi, aquatherapy, and different types of training are highlighted. Conclusion: The effects of exercise and physical activity on PD patients are related to the well-being experienced by each person in their quality of life. In turn, exercise and physical activity interventions within 6 and 12 weeks are presumed to improve motor and cognitive symptoms and alter brain activity in people with PD. This review may guide future studies that aim to fill existing gaps regarding the effects of exercise and physical activity on the quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease.

Resumo Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre o efeito do exercício e da atividade física na qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP). Metodologia: sob os elementos de relato preferidos para revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises da metodologia PRISMA, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando os bancos de dados acadêmicos Scopus, Springer e Oxford. Foram estabelecidos critérios de inclusão onde os documentos foram filtrados, classificados e selecionados de acordo com sua relação com o objeto de estudo e critérios de exclusão sob os critérios estabelecidos para a estratégia PICOS. A revisão não foi registrada a priori em nenhum banco de dados e nenhum protocolo de revisão foi publicado. Dezesseis estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Resultados: Os dados mostram que os fatores que influenciam o efeito do exercício físico na qualidade de vida de pacientes com DP estão relacionados a baixos níveis de atividade física e falta de exercício físico agudo. Em termos de intervenções, o exercício aconselhado pela fisioterapia, boxe, tai chi, aquaterapia e diferentes tipos de treinamento são destacados. Conclusão: O efeito do exercício e da atividade física nos pacientes com DP está relacionado ao bem-estar experimentado por cada pessoa em sua qualidade de vida. Por sua vez, presume-se que as intervenções de exercício e atividade física dentro de 6 e 12 semanas melhoram os sintomas motores e cognitivos, e alteram a atividade cerebral em pessoas com DP. Esta revisão pode orientar estudos futuros que visam preencher as lacunas existentes em relação aos efeitos do exercício e da atividade física na qualidade de vida das pessoas com doença de Parkinson.

Curriculum mapping of accredited pharmacy programs in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: No current guidance exists to inform the content area credit hours for doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs in the United States (US). METHODS: Public websites were accessed for all Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) accredited PharmD programs in the US to record the credit hours devoted to drug therapy, clinical skills, experiential learning, scholarship, social and administrative sciences, physiology/pathophysiology, pharmacogenomics, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in the didactic curricula. Due to the high prevalence of programs that integrate drug therapy, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry into a single course, we subdivided programs based upon whether drug therapy courses were "integrated" or "non-integrated." A regression analyses was conducted to explore the relationship between each content area and North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) pass rates and residency match rates. RESULTS: Data were available for 140 accredited PharmD programs. Drug therapy had the highest credit hours in programs with both integrated and non-integrated drug therapy courses. Programs with integrated drug therapy courses had significantly more credit hours in experiential and scholarship and fewer credit hours in stand-alone courses for pathophysiology, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology. Credit hours in content areas did not predict NAPLEX pass rate nor residency match success rate. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comprehensive description of all ACPE accredited pharmacy schools with credit hours broken down by content areas. While content areas did not directly predict success criteria, these results may still be useful to describe curricular norms or inform the design of future pharmacy curricula.

Child-focused climate change and health content in medical schools and pediatric residencies.

Anthropogenic climate change-driven primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels that form greenhouse gases-has numerous consequences that impact health, including extreme weather events of accelerating frequency and intensity (e.g., wildfires, thunderstorms, droughts, and heat waves), mental health sequelae of displacement from these events, and the increase in aeroallergens and other pollutants. Children are especially vulnerable to climate-related exposures given that they are still developing, encounter higher exposures compared to adults, and are at risk of losing many healthy future years of life. In order to better meet the needs of generations of children born into a world affected by climate change, medical trainees must develop their knowledge of the relationships between climate change and children's health-with a focus on applying that information in clinical practice. This review provides an overview of salient climate change and children's health topics that medical school and pediatric residency training curricula should cover. In addition, it highlights the strengths and limitations of existing medical school and residency climate change and pediatric health curricula. IMPACT: Provides insight into the current climate change and pediatric health curricular opportunities for medical trainees in North America at both the medical school and residency levels. Condenses climate change and pediatric health material relevant to trainees to help readers optimize curricula at their institutions.

Hidradenitis suppurativa in sexual and gender minorities: A review and considerations for providers.

The literature on hidradenitis suppurativa in sexual and gender minorities remains sparse. This review article aims to discuss critical factors for providers to consider in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, including associated comorbidities, gender-affirming hormonal therapy, squamous cell carcinoma, infections in HIV-positive patients, and creating a welcoming clinic for sexual and gender minority patients.

Friends, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in university students: A social network analysis / Amigos, actividad física y comportamiento sedentario en estudiantes universitarios: un análisis de redes sociales

Abstract Introduction: Understanding the processes of socialization during youth and their association with healthy behaviors is crucial for university education. Objective: To explore the associations of the characteristics of friendship networks with being physically active and having a sedentary behavior in university students. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 475 university students and based on a social network analysis. Measurements included sociodemographic, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and friendship network variables. The associations between the characteristics of friendship networks and physical activity and sedentary behavior were explored using logistic regression models. Confidence intervals (95%) were estimated and a significance level of p<0.05 was considered. Results: In women, being part of at least a cluster of friends was significantly associated with being physically active (adjusted OR [aOR]: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.2-4.6), while being popular was significantly associated with a lower probability of being physically active (aOR: 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.7). Also, a ten-percentage point increase in active friends was significantly associated with a higher probability of being physically active (aOR: 9.3; 95%CI: 3.5-24.6). Regarding sedentary behavior, a ten-percentage point increase in the number of sedentary friends was significantly associated with a higher probability of being sedentary (aOR: 5.5; 95%CI: 2.5-12.3). In men, none of the studied associations were statistically significant. Conclusion: Some characteristics of social network are relevant for female university students in relation to their physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors. These findings highlight the need to consider friendship network dynamics for designing initiatives aimed at physical activity promotion and sedentary behavior reduction.

Resumen Introducción. El entendimiento de los procesos de socialización durante la juventud y su relación con conductas saludables son cruciales para la educación universitaria. Objetivo. Explorar las asociaciones de las características de la red social de amigos con ser físicamente activo y con tener un comportamiento sedentario en estudiantes universitarios. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal, basado en un análisis de redes sociales, realizado en 475 estudiantes universitarios. Las mediciones realizadas incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, actividad física, conducta sedentaria y redes sociales de amigos. Las asociaciones entre las características de la red social de amigos con la actividad física y el comportamiento sedentario fueron exploradas mediante modelos de regresión logística. Se estimaron intervalos de confianza (95%) y se consideró un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados. En mujeres, ser parte de al menos un conglomerado de amigos se asoció significativamente con ser físicamente activa (OR ajustados: 2.3; IC95%: 1.2-4.6), mientras que ser popular se asoció significativamente con una menor probabilidad de ser físicamente activa (OR ajustados [aOR]: 0.3; IC95%: 0.1-0.7). Asimismo, un incremento de diez puntos porcentuales de amigos activos se asoció significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de ser físicamente activa (aOR: 9.3; IC95%: 3.5-24.6). En relación con el comportamiento sedentario, un incremento de diez puntos porcentuales de amigos sedentarios se asoció significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de ser sedentaria (aOR: 5.5; IC95%: 2.5-12.3). En hombres, ninguna de las asociaciones estudiadas fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión. Algunas características de las redes sociales de amigos fueron relevantes para las estudiantes universitarias en relación a sus niveles de actividad física y comportamiento sedentario. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de considerar las dinámicas de las redes sociales de amigos en el diseño de iniciativas orientadas a la promoción de la actividad física y la reducción de conductas sedentarias.

Climate change and global health: A call to more research and more action.

There is increasing understanding, globally, that climate change and increased pollution will have a profound and mostly harmful effect on human health. This review brings together international experts to describe both the direct (such as heat waves) and indirect (such as vector-borne disease incidence) health impacts of climate change. These impacts vary depending on vulnerability (i.e., existing diseases) and the international, economic, political, and environmental context. This unique review also expands on these issues to address a third category of potential longer-term impacts on global health: famine, population dislocation, and environmental justice and education. This scholarly resource explores these issues fully, linking them to global health in urban and rural settings in developed and developing countries. The review finishes with a practical discussion of action that health professionals around the world in our field can yet take.

Capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en estudiantes de educación superior: análisis de redes sociales de amigos universitarios / Cardiorespiratory capacity in higher education students: analysis of social networks of university friends / Capacidade cardiorrespiratória em estudantes de educação superior: análise de redes sociais de amigos universitários

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre las redes sociales de amigos y la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: Estudio de corte, con muestreo aleatorio de cursos completos, por cada programa y semestre académico, con 475 participantes, realizado durante 2018. Se utilizaron mediciones de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal y encuesta para determinar el nivel de actividad física, las actividades sedentarias y las métricas de red social (como densidad de la red, centralidad de la red, popularidad social, miembro de grupos, proporción de amigos activos físicamente y proporción de amigos con alta capacidad cardiorrespiratoria). Resultados: Las variables de la red social presentan un comportamiento diferente según sexo. En las mujeres, respecto a la red social, aumentar 10 % la proporción de amigos activos físicamente incrementa 150 % la posibilidad de tener capacidad cardiorrespiratoria alta (or: 2,50 ic:1,01-6,21); incrementar las relaciones sociales (centralidad de la red) disminuye la oportunidad de tener capacidad cardiorrespiratoria alta en 65 % (or: 0,35, ic:0,19-0,65); tener alta popularidad social acrecienta en 120 % la oportunidad de tener capacidad cardiorrespiratoria alta (or: 2,20, ic:1,07-4,55). En los hombres, no se encontró asociación entre las variables de la red social con la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusiones: La capacidad cardiorrespiratoria es influenciada por la red social de amigos universitarios y su comportamiento difiere según sexo. La red social en la que se desenvuelven los sujetos es un medio en el que se comparten y trasmiten comportamientos saludables y no saludables.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between the social networks of friends and the cardiorespiratory capacity in university students. Methodology: A cut-off study was carried out in 2018; with random sampling of complete course groups for each program and academic semester with 475 participants. Weight, height, body mass index, and a survey were used to determine the level of physical activity, sedentary activities, and social network metrics (such as network density, network centrality, social popularity, group membership, rate of physically active friends, and rate of friends with high cardiorespiratory capacity). Results: The variables of the social network show a different behavior according to sex. Regarding the social network in women, an increase in the rate of physically active friends by 10 % increases the possibility of having high cardiorespiratory capacity by 150 % (or: 2.50, CI: 1.01-6.21); increasing social relationships (network centrality) decreases the probability of having high cardiorespiratory capacity by 65 % (or: 0.35, CI: 0.19-0.65); having high social popularity increases the chance of having high cardiorespiratory capacity by 120 % (or: 2.20, CI: 1.07-4.55). In men, no association was found between the variables of the social network and the cardiorespiratory capacity. Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory capacity is influenced by the social network of university friends, and its behavior differs according to sex. The social network in which the subjects operate is a medium where healthy and unhealthy behaviors are shared and transmitted.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre as redes sociais de amigos e a capacidade cardiorrespiratória em universitários. Metodologia: Estudo de corte, com amostragem aleatória de cursos completos, para cada programa e semestre letivo, com 475 participantes, realizado durante 2018. Peso, altura, índice de massa corporal e medidas de levantamento foram utilizados para determinar o nível de atividade física. atividades sedentárias e métricas de rede social (como densidade de rede, centralidade de rede, popularidade social, associação a grupos, proporção de amigos fisicamente ativos e proporção de amigos com alta capacidade cardiorrespiratória). Resultados: As variáveis da rede social apresentam um comportamento diferente de acordo com o sexo. Nas mulheres, em relação à rede social, aumentar a proporção de amigos fisicamente ativos em 10% aumenta em 150% a possibilidade de ter alta capacidade cardiorrespiratória (or: 2,50 ic: 1,01-6,21); aumentar as relações sociais (centralidade da rede) diminui a oportunidade de ter alta capacidade cardiorrespiratória em 65% (or: 0,35, ic: 0,19-0,65); Ter alta popularidade social aumenta a oportunidade de ter alta capacidade cardiorrespiratória em 120% (or: 2,20, ic: 1,07-4,55). Nos homens, não foi encontrada associação entre as variáveis da rede social com a capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Conclusões: A capacidade cardiorrespiratória é influenciada pela rede social de amigos da universidade e seu comportamento difere conforme o sexo. A rede social em que os sujeitos atuam é um meio em que comportamentos

Addressing Climate Change and Its Effects on Human Health: A Call to Action for Medical Schools.

Human health is increasingly threatened by rapid and widespread changes in the environment and climate, including rising temperatures, air and water pollution, disease vector migration, floods, and droughts. In the United States, many medical schools, the American Medical Association, and the National Academy of Sciences have published calls for physicians and physicians-in-training to develop a basic knowledge of the science of climate change and an awareness of the associated health risks. The authors-all medical students and educators-argue for the expeditious redesign of medical school curricula to teach students to recognize, diagnose, and treat the many health conditions exacerbated by climate change as well as understand public health issues. In this Invited Commentary, the authors briefly review the health impacts of climate change, examine current climate change course offerings and proposals, and describe the rationale for promptly and comprehensively including climate science education in medical school curricula. Efforts in training physicians now will benefit those physicians' communities whose health will be impacted by a period of remarkable climate change. The bottom line is that the health effects of climate reality cannot be ignored, and people everywhere must adapt as quickly as possible.

Peer Teaching by Stanford Medical Students in a Sexual and Gender Minority Health Education Program.

Medical school curricula devote few instructional hours to LGBTQ-inclusive content. Innovative approaches are required to prepare students to care for sexual and gender minority patients. We describe a student-led program at Stanford School of Medicine in which peer educators are trained to teach about sexual and gender minority health issues.

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes de 10 a 17 años escolarizados de la ciudad de Medellín, 2015 / Cardiovascular risk factors in 10 to 17 years old adolescent students from the city of Medellín, 2015 / Fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes escolares de 10 a 17 anos na cidade de Medellín, 2015

Resumen Objetivo: Cuantificar la prevalencia de algunos factores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares de 10 a 17 años de Medellín. Metodología: Estudio de corte, desarrollado en 2015, en una muestra a conveniencia de 917 adolescentes entre 10 y 17 años de cinco colegios (cuatro públicos). Se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas (peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura y de cadera), evaluación de capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y toma de presiones sistólica y diastólica. Resultados : La proporción de sobrepeso y obesidad fue 17,6 y 4,3 %; la obesidad abdominal fue 9,2 %; el consumo de oxígeno máximo fue más alto en hombres que en mujeres (44,98 vs. 40,14 mL / kg / min); la presión arterial alta global fue 17,9 % y aumentó conforme el peso. Aumentar la edad un año más, disminuye 54 % la posibilidad de ser obeso; tener obesidad abdominal incrementa 22 veces la posibilidad de ser obeso. Aumentar 1 cm la circunferencia de la cadera, crece 25 % el riesgo de padecer obesidad. Aumentar la edad un año e incrementar 1 mmHg la presión arterial sistólica, acrecienta 12 y 2 % la eventualidad de tener baja condición física, respectivamente. Incrementar 1 kg / m2 el índice de masa corporal y tener obesidad abdominal disminuye 13 y 61% el riesgo de tener baja condición física, respectivamente. Conclusiones : Se encontró alta proporción de factores de riesgo cardiovascular; destacan el exceso de peso, la obesidad abdominal, la presión arterial elevada y la baja condición física. Estos pueden incrementar, a largo plazo, la mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular.

Abstract Objective: To quantify the prevalence of certain cardiovascular risk factors in 10 to 17 years old students from Medellín. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, developed in 2015, in a convenience sample of 917 adolescents (between 10 and 17 years old) from four public schools and a private school. The study included anthropometric assessments (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), assessment of cardiorespiratory capacity and systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements. Results: The proportion of overweight and obesity was 17.6 % and 4.3 %; abdominal obesity was 9.2 %; maximum oxygen uptake was higher in men than in women (44.98 vs. 40.14 ml/kg/min); global high blood pressure was 17.9 % and increased with height. When increasing age by one year, the possibility of becoming obese decreases by 54 %. Having abdominal obesity increases the possibility of becoming obese by 22 times. When increasing hip circumference by 1 cm, the risk of obesity increases by 25 %. When increasing age by one year, as well as increasing the systolic blood pressure by 1 mmHg, the possibility of being in a poor physical condition increases by 12 %, and 2 %, respectively. When increasing the BMI by 1 kg / m2 and having abdominal obesity, the risk of being in poor physical condition increases by 13 % and 61 %, respectively. Conclusions: A high proportion of cardiovascular risk factors was found, especially overweight, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and poor physical condition. These may increase mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in the long term.

Resumo Objetivo: Quantificar a prevalência de alguns fatores de risco cardiovascular em escolares de 10 a 17 anos em Medellín. Metodologia: Estudo em metodologia de corte, desenvolvido em 2015, em uma amostra na conveniência de 917 adolescentes entre 10 e 17 anos de cinco escolas (quatro públicas). Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferência da cintura e quadril), capacidade cardiorrespiratória e medidas de pressão sistólica e diastólica. Resultados: A proporção de sobrepeso e obesidade foi de 17,6 e 4,3%; a obesidade abdominal foi de 9,2%; o consumo máximo de oxigênio foi maior nos homens do que nas mulheres (44,98 vs. 40,14 mL / kg / min); a hipertensão arterial global foi de 17,9% e aumentou com o peso. Aumentar a idade mais um ano diminui a possibilidade de ser obeso em 54%; ter obesidade abdominal aumenta a chance de ser obeso numas 22 vezes. Caso se aumentar a circunferência do quadril em 1 cm, o risco de obesidade se acrescenta num 25%. Aumentar a idade um ano e aumentar a pressão arterial sistólica em 1 mmHg, aumenta a possibilidade de ter uma condição física baixa, respectivamente. Aumentar o índice de massa corporal em 1 kg / m2 e ter obesidade abdominal diminui em 13 e 61% o risco de ter uma condição física baixa, respectivamente. Conclusões: Foi encontrada alta proporção de fatores de risco cardiovascular; os destaques incluem o excesso de peso, a obesidade abdominal, a pressão alta e a baixa condição física. Estes podem aumentar, em longo prazo, a mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares.

Factores asociados a la potencia anaeróbica y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en escolares de Medellín-Colombia / Associated factors with anaerobic power and cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren in Medellín-Colombia / Fatores associados à potência anaeróbia e capacidade cardiorrespiratória em escolares de Medellín-Colombia

Objetivo: determinar factores asociados a la potencia anaeróbica y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en escolares de 12 a 17 años de Medellín-Colombia. Método: estudio transversal con escolares, a quienes se les realizaron mediciones sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, grado de escolaridad), antropométricas (peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura y de cadera, sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal), y de condición física (potencia anaeróbica, índice de fatiga y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria). Resultados: las variables antropométricas y sociodemográficas influyen en la condición física. Padecer sobrepeso, obesidad abdominal y ser mujer, fueron factores que se asociaron con un menor desarrollo en las pruebas de potencia anaeróbica y con la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. La mediana de generación de watts de potencia por kilogramo en una persona con obesidad abdominal fue de 4, comparado con 6,9 en alguien sin esta condición. La potencia anaeróbica se correlaciona con la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusiones: se logró identificar que sí hay asociación entre la potencia anaeróbica y algunas variables antropométricas y sociodemográficas.

Objective: To determine associated factors with anaerobic power and cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren aged 12 to 17 years old in Medellín, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional study with schoolchildren, who underwent to sociodemographic (sex, age, level of education), anthropometric (weight, height, waist and hip circumference, overweight, abdominal obesity), and physical condition (anaerobic power, fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness) measurements. Results: Anthropometric and sociodemographic variables influence the physical fitness. Being overweight, abdominal obesity and being a woman were factors associated with lesser development in anaerobic power tests and cardiorespiratory fitness. Median of watts of power per kilogram in a person with abdominal obesity was 4, compared to 6.9 in someone without this condition. Anaerobic power correlates with cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusions: It was possible to identify that there is an association between anaerobic power and some anthropometric and sociodemographic variables.

Objetivo: determinar os fatores associados à potência anaeróbia e à capacidade cardiorrespiratória em escolares de 12 a 17 anos de Medellín-Colômbia. Métodos: estudo transversal em escolares em que foram desenvolvidas medições sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, grau de escolaridade), antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e quadril, sobrepeso, obesidade abdominal) e de condição física (Potência anaeróbia, taxa de fadiga e capacidade cardiorrespiratória). Resultados: as variáveis antropométricas e sociodemográficas influenciam a condição física. O sobrepeso, a obesidade abdominal e ser mulher foram fatores que se associaram com menor desenvolvimento nos testes de potência anaeróbia e com a capacidade cardiorrespiratória. A geração mediana de watts de poder por quilograma em uma pessoa com obesidade abdominal era 4, comparada com o 6,9 em alguém sem esta circunstância. O poder anaeróbio se correlaciona com a capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Conclusões: identificou-se que se existe ligação entre potência anaeróbia e algumas variáveis antropométricas e sociodemográficas.

Mechanisms Associated with Clinical Improvement in Interventions That Address Health-Related Social Needs: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Linking individuals to community resources in order to help meet health-related social needs, such as food, medications, or transportation, may improve clinical outcomes. However, little is known about the mechanisms whereby such linkage interventions might improve health. The authors conducted a mixed-methods analysis consisting of outcomes from a prospective cohort study of a linkage intervention and a qualitative analysis of case records from participants. The cohort study included intervention participants who first enrolled between December 2014 and March 2015. Participants were excluded if they could not complete the assessment because of illness or language. The authors examined changes in cost-related medication underuse (CRMU), transportation barriers, and food insecurity (FI). For the qualitative analysis, a random sample of 80 participants was selected for electronic health record review - 40 cases who showed clinical improvement (responders) and 40 cases who did not (nonresponders). Themes were extracted by 3 reviewers guided by the immersion/crystallization approach. For the cohort study, 141 individuals were included; 138 (97.9%) completed follow-up. Comparing baseline to follow-up, there were significant reductions in the prevalence of CRMU (from 44.2% to 39.1%, P = .003) and transportation barriers (from 46.3% to 30.2%, P = .001), but not FI (from 40.4% to 38.2%, P = .73). For the qualitative study, emergent themes that helped differentiate responders and nonresponders included acuity of need, resource availability/access, and adequacy of the resource utilized. CRMU and transportation barriers may be important mechanisms by which linkage interventions improve health-related social needs. Patient-centered themes can help guide intervention improvements.