RESUMO
Matching crop varieties to their target use context and user preferences is a challenge faced by many plant breeding programs serving smallholder agriculture. Numerous participatory approaches proposed by CGIAR and other research teams over the last four decades have attempted to capture farmers' priorities/preferences and crop variety field performance in representative growing environments through experimental trials with higher external validity. Yet none have overcome the challenges of scalability, data validity and reliability, and difficulties in capturing socio-economic and environmental heterogeneity. Building on the strengths of these attempts, we developed a new data-generation approach, called triadic comparison of technology options (tricot). Tricot is a decentralized experimental approach supported by crowdsourced citizen science. In this article, we review the development, validation, and evolution of the tricot approach, through our own research results and reviewing the literature in which tricot approaches have been successfully applied. The first results indicated that tricot-aggregated farmer-led assessments contained information with adequate validity and that reliability could be achieved with a large sample. Costs were lower than current participatory approaches. Scaling the tricot approach into a large on-farm testing network successfully registered specific climatic effects of crop variety performance in representative growing environments. Tricot's recent application in plant breeding networks in relation to decision-making has (i) advanced plant breeding lines recognizing socio-economic heterogeneity, and (ii) identified consumers' preferences and market demands, generating alternative breeding design priorities. We review lessons learned from tricot applications that have enabled a large scaling effort, which should lead to stronger decision-making in crop improvement and increased use of improved varieties in smallholder agriculture.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Determinar la efectividad a 3 y 6 meses de una intervención integral para la prevención y tratamiento de caries en dientes permanentes, en escolares de 9 a 11 años atendidos por cinco Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar en el año 2017. METODOLOGÍA: Esta investigación fue de tipo intervención cuasi experimental, dirigida a la prevención y limitación del daño por caries en dientes permanentes de 150 escolares de centros educativos públicos cubiertos por 5 UCSF. Fueron atendidas en total 1741 superficies, en las que se aplicaron 1398 sellantes, 253 obturaciones y 90 remineralizaciones con flúor. Posterior a 3 y 6 meses, se midió con los índices correspondientes la efectividad a través de la reducción de placa bacteriana, la ausencia de caries y la supervivencia de los tratamientos. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Anova, F de Fisher y Kaplan Meier para el análisis de los datos. RESULTADOS: En la evaluación inicial se encontró el 46% de la población con higiene oral óptima y un promedio de 3 dientes cariados (2.91) por paciente. A los 6 meses de realizada la intervención, el 83.21% presentó higiene oral óptima, se determinó 1 diente cariado por sujeto (1.07), el 41.20% de supervivencia de sellantes de fosas y fisuras (SFF) y el 82.60% de supervivencia de obturaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La intervención a 3 y 6 meses mostró ser efectiva para prevenir y limitar el daño por caries dental en dientes permanentes en escolares entre 9 y 11 años de edad
OBJECTIVE: To determine effectiveness after 3 and 6 months of being applied an integral intervention for prevention and treatment of dental caries in permanent teeth, in school children from 9 to 11 years; being attended in five Family Health Community Centers (UCSF Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar for its acronym in Spanish) at 2017. METHODOLOGY: This research was a quasi-experimental intervention, directed to the prevention and limitation of damage by dental caries in permanent teeth of 150 school children, from public schools, being attended in five Family Health Community Centers (UCSF). In total, 1741 surfaces were intervened in which 1398 pits and fissures sealant, 253 fillings and 90 remineralizations with fluor, were applied. After 3 and 6 months, the evaluation of the effectiveness through reduction of dentobacterial plaque, the absence of dental cavities and the survival of treatments, was assessed with the corresponding indices. The statistical tests used for the analysis of data were Anova, F de Fisher and Kaplan Meier. RESULTS: In the initial evaluation it was found 46% of population with optimal oral hygiene and an average of 3 decayed teeth (2.91) per patient. Six months after the intervention, 83.21% presented optimal oral hygiene, 1 (1.07) decayed tooth was determined per subject, 41.20% permanence of pits and fissures sealants and 82.60% permanence of dental fillings. CONCLUSION: Intervention showed effectiveness in prevention and limitation of damage by dental cavities in permanent teeth after 3 and 6 months of being executed in school children between 9 and 11 years old.
