[Protective effect of pancreatic enzyme depletion in the course of acute pancreatitis--experimental study in rats]. / Efeito protetor da depleção de enzimas pancreáticas na evolução da pancreatite aguda--estudo experimental em ratos.

This study was performed to assess the effects of the reduction of pancreatic enzymatic content in the evolution of acute pancreatitis (A.P.) in rats. We hypothesized that cerulein in physiologic dose reduces the enzymatic content of the pancreas and may decrease the mortality of A.P.. Four groups of rats have been studied. In the group I cerulein in a total dose of 8 ug/Kg was given, Group II was a control group, Group III received cerulein in inframaximal dose (0.4 micrograms/Kg) and Group IV was a control group with free access to diet and water. Acute pancreatitis was induced by retrograde injection of taurocholic acid into the pancreatic duct. The mortality was 60% in group I, 56% in group II, 23% in group III and 34% in group IV. These results suggest that by decreasing enzymatic content of the pancreas the severity of acute pancreatitis may be reduced.

Mononuclear phagocytic system in acute pancreatitis.

1. Functional alterations of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of infection in acute pancreatitis (AP). In the present study, MPS activity was investigated in rats and hepatic blood flow (HBF) was also determined. 2. A total of 122 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 1, AP group (N = 51); 2, sham-operated (SO) (N = 49); 3, intact group (IG) (N = 22). AP was induced by retrograde injection of 0.5 ml of 2.5% sodium taurocholate saline into the main biliopancreatic duct under ketamine chloride anesthesia. SO animals were submitted to the same surgical steps as AP animals except for AP induction. 3. Each experimental group was subdivided into two subgroups. The first subgroup was submitted to the study of MPS activity as follows: each group was injected with colloidal 198Au and liver clearance parameters were determined 2 h (N = 11), 12 h (N = 10) and 24 h (N = 10) later in the AP group, and 2 h (N = 9), 12 h (N = 10) and 24 h (N = 11) later in the SO group. In the second subgroup, HBF was assessed using 131I-bromosulphalein at 2 h (N = 10) and 24 h (N = 10) in the AP group and at 2 h (N = 10) and 24 h (N = 10) in the SO group. The IG was submitted to both radioactive tracer studies. Each animal was used for only one experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Mononuclear phagocytic system in acute pancreatitis

1. Functional alterations of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of infection in acute pancreatitis (AP). In the present study, MPS activity was investigated in rats and hepatic blood flow (HBF) was also determined. 2. A total of 122 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: 1, AP group (N = 51); 2, sham-operated (SO) (N = 49); 3, intact group (IG) (N = 22). AP was induced by retrograde injection of 0.5 ml of 2.5 per cent sodium taurocholate saline into the main biliopancreatic duct under ketamine chloride anesthesia. SO animals were submitted to the same surgical steps as AP animals except for AP induction. 3. Each experimental group was subdivided into two subgroups. The first subgroup was submitted to the study of MPS activity as follows: each group was injected with colloidal 198Au and liver clearance parameters were determined 2 h (N = 11), 12 h (N = 10) and 24 h (N = 10) later in the AP group, and 2 h (N = 9), 12 h (N = 10) and 24 h (N = 11) later in the SO group. In the second subgroup, HBF was assessed using 131I-bromosulphalein at 2 h (N = 10) and 24 h (N = 10) in the AP group and at 2 h (N = 10) and 24 h (N = 10) in the SO group. The IG was submitted to both radioactive tracer studies. Each animal was used for only one experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Modifications of tissue blood flow in acute pancreatitis.

1. Acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced by ductal injection of 2.5% sodium taurocholate saline solution. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) volume and visceral organ blood flow were evaluated by a radioisotopic method (51Cr tracers) in 45 adult male Wistar rats (22 submitted to AP and 23 controls) 4 h after AP induction. 51Cr-albumin was used to measure plasma volume and 51Cr-RBC was used to measure RBC volume. 2. Changes in tissue hematocrit reflect alterations in tissue blood flow, since reduction in blood flow increases microvascular erythrocyte sequestration. To evaluate the tissue blood flow, we introduce a "tissue hematocrit index" calculated by relating 51Cr-RBC and 51Cr-albumin specific activities measured in visceral organ biopsies. Application of this index to the control and AP groups showed a decrease in blood flow in all visceral organs of the AP group which was reflected by an increase in tissue hematocrit index (2.5-fold for kidneys, 2-fold for pancreas and lungs, 1.6-fold for liver, and 1.2-fold for spleen). 3. As expected, there was an increase in blood hematocrit and a decrease in plasma volume in the AP group, but there were no significant alterations in RBC volume. However, an unequal decrease in blood flow in various tissues such as kidneys, lungs, pancreas and liver was detected in the AP group. 4. This approach provides an easy and simple way to evaluate possible therapeutic protocols for the treatment of acute pancreatitis by measuring effects on visceral blood flow and plasma and blood volumes.

Modifications of tissue blood flow in acute pancreatitis

I.Acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced by ductal injection of 2.5% sodium taurocholate saline solution. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) volume and visceral organ blood flow were evaluated by a radioisotopic method (51Cr tracers) in 45 adult male Wistar rats (22 submitted to AP and 23 controls) 4 h after AP induction. 51Cr-albumin was used to measure plasma volume and 51Cr-RBC was used to measure RBC volume. II.Changes in tissue hematocrit reflect alterations in tissue blood flow, since reduction in blood flow increases microvascular erythrocyte sequestration. To evaluate the tissue blood flow, we introduce a "tissuehematocrit index" calculated relating 51Cr-RBC and 51Cr-albumin specific activities measured in visceral organ biopsies. Application of this index to the control and AP groups showed a decrease in blood flow in all visceral organs of the AP group which was reflected by an increase in tissue hematocrit index (2.5-fold for kidneys, 2-fold for pancreas and lungs, 1.6-fold for liver, and 1.2-fold for spleen). III.As expected there was an increase in blood hematocrit and a decrease in plasma volume in the AP group, but there were no significant alterations in RBC volume. However, an unequal decrease in blood flow in various tissues such as kidneys, lungs, pancreas and liver was detected in the AP group. IV.This approach provides an easy and simple way to evaluate possible therapeutic protocols for the treatment of acute panreatitis by measuring effects on visceral blood flow and plasma and blood volumes

[Influence of diet composition on the late course of acute pancreatitis. Experimental study in rats]. / Influência do regime alimentar na evolução tardia da pancreatite aguda. Estudo experimental em ratos.

Acute pancreatitis was induced with sodium taurocholate 1% in two lots of rats fed during 21 days with diets that differed in lipid composition. Serum amylase, pancreatic tissue enzymes (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and amylase), pancreatic tissue nucleotides (RNA and DNA) and biopsies for histological study were collected in normal pair fed animals, and in the experimental lots 1, 4, 7 and 15 days after AP was induced. ANOVA and Student t-test were used for the comparison of biochemical data (p less than 0.05). They showed that acute pancreatitis aggravated progressively until the fourth day independently of the regimen. On the 15th day, the histological and biochemical parameters reached normal values. The authors concluded that high lipidic diet was not the main factor responsible for progressive injury of the pancreas.

[A hyperlipidic diet and acute pancreatitis: experimental study in rats]. / Dieta hiperlipídica e pancreatite aguda: estudo experimental em ratos.

After acute pancreatitis was induced, the residual pancreatic tissue contents were evaluated in two series of rats fed with diets that differed in the lipidic composition: 1--high lipid and balanced protein diet; 2--balanced diet. Total protein, nucleic acids, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen were quantified in the pancreatic tissue; amylase activity was measured in the pancreatic tissue and serum under the following conditions: 1--in rats fed "ad libitum" (groups CB and CL); 2--in rats submitted to a fast of 30 hs (groups JB and JL) and 3--twenty-four hours after acute pancreatitis was induced (group B and L). The results obtained were statistically compared among groups with the same kind of diets, using ANOVA and the Tukey test. Student t-test was used to compare the same parameters among similar groups with different diets (p less than 0.05). In comparison with the groups under same regimen it was verified that the pancreatic enzymes content didn't change in fasting groups, but did in PA groups. It was also found that trypsin was increased in all groups, RNA/DNA decreased and total protein increased in AP group in rats fed with hyperlipidic diet. It is concluded that high lipid intake can aggravate pancreatic injury.

Protective effect of a protein-free diet in acute experimental pancreatitis.

1. Survival time, amylase activity and pancreatic protein, DNA and RNA content were measured in 38 control rats and in 104 rats injected with sodium taurocholate to induce acute pancreatitis after 21 days on one of four diets differing in protein, lipid and carbohydrate content. 2. All of the parameters measured were lower in rats with pancreatitis than in controls maintained on the same diets. Among the rats with pancreatitis, those receiving a protein-free diet survived longer and had significantly higher DNA, lower amylase activity and lower RNA and protein levels than those receiving a balanced diet or one that was high in protein or lipid content. 3. We conclude that acute pancreatitis in rats has a more benign course in protein-undernourished animals.

Correlacoes entre achados clinicos, bioquimicos e anatomo-patologicos em transplante ortotopico de figado em caes. / Correlations between clinical, biochemical and anatomo-pathological findings in orthotopic liver transplantation in dogs

Foram estudados os apectos clinicos, bioquimicos e anatomo-patologicos de 14 caes submetidos a transplante ortotopico de figado que receberam ou nao imunossupressao a base de corticoide, 6-mercaptopurina, azatioprina e globulina anti-linfocitaria.O tempo de sobrevida observado nos caes deste trabalho foi de 5 a 27 dias. Todos os caes foram submetidos a necropsia, tendo-se colhido frangmentos dos figados transplantados para estudo histopatologico. Foram correlacionados entre si, atraves da aplicacao do teste exato de Fisher, os parametros clinicos, bioquimicos e anatomo-patologicos dos caes submetidos a transplante ortotopico de figado com e sem imunossupressao com o objetivo de melhor estudar a evolucao desses animais