Neurochemical mechanisms of the dorsal pallidum in the antiaversive effects of anxiolytics in various models of anxiety.

In conditions in which rats had a free choice between dark and light chambers, microinjections of glutamic acid, serotonin, and campiron into the globus pallidus showed that these agents have antiaversive properties in a threatening situation test but not in an illuminated area test. Dopamine, apomorphine, GABA, chlordiazepoxide, phenibut, and indoter injected locally into this formation of the basal ganglia had no effect on the mechanisms of voluntary movement but counteracted anxiety states in both behavioral models. These results provide evidence that the monoaminergic and aminoacidergic systems of the dorsal pallidum have different functional roles in the operative regulation of behavior for aversive stimuli of different modalities. Prior intraperitoneal administration of functional antagonists of these synaptotropic substances and subsequent microinjection of transmitter monoamines and amino acids and their agonists into the globus pallidus demonstrated the selective involvement of the neurotransmitter systems of the dorsal pallidum in the antiaversive effects of anxiosedative and anxioselective substances.

[Neurochemical mechanisms of dorsal pallidum in antiadverse effects of anxiolytics of different models of anxiety].

Microinjections of glutamine acid, serotonine and campiron into globus pallidus reveal antiadverse properties of ratsin in the test with avoiding "threatening situation" but not with "illuminated site" under the conditions of rats' free choice between light and dark sites. Dopamine, apomorphine, GABA, chlordiazepoxide, phenibut and indoter injected locally into this formation of basal ganglia do not affect the mechanisms of the involuntary movement, but counteract the conditions of anxiety in both models of behaviour. These results show different functional role of monoamino- and aminoacidergic systems of dorsal pallidum in operative regulation of behaviour with changing of aversive stimulus modality. Preliminary intraperitoneal injection of functional antagonists of investigated synoptotropic followed by microinjection of monoamines and amino acids into globus pallidus reveal selective involvement of neuromediator systems of dorsal pallidum into antiadverse anxiosedative and anxioselective actions.

[Cardiac valve prosthesis in patients with infective endocarditis and chronic renal insufficiency in terminal stage on a programmable hemodialysis]. / Protezirovanie klapanov serdtsa u bol'nykh infektsionnym éndokarditom i khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu v terminal'noi stadii, kotorym provodiat programmnyi gemodializ.

Mechanical cardiac valve implantation was performed in 3 patients with infective endocarditis, sepsis, chronical renal insufficiency of terminal stage, to whom the programmed dialysis was conducted. The operation was performed for vital indications. All the patients after the operation are alive, their treatment was continued, using programmed hemodialysis, effect of operation is good. The success of treatment of infective endocarditis in patients with chronical renal insufficiency of terminal stage depends on timely radical elimination of the infection foci in endocardium, the intracardial and systemic hemodynamics normalization, application of etiotropic antibacterial therapy, an adequate programmed hemodialysis.

Neurochemical characteristics of the ventromedial hypothalamus in mediating the antiaversive effects of anxiolytics in different models of anxiety.

In experiments on rats using an "illuminated area" avoidance test and a "threatening situation" avoidance test, preliminary i.p. administration and subsequent microinjection into the ventromedial hypothalamus of various combinations of monoamines, transmitter amino acids, and their agonists and antagonists demonstrated differences in the functional importance of the neurochemical profile of this limbic formation in mediating anxiety states of different origins. The neurochemical analysis with local intrahypothalamic administration of anxiosedative and anxioselective substances showed that the antiaversive actions of Campirone are obtained only in conditions in which the dominant motivation is fear, while chlordiazepoxide, Phenibut, and Indoter are also active in anxiety induced by negatively stressful zoosocial influences; these actions are mediated respectively by serotoninergic and GABAergic types of synaptic switching in the ventromedial hypothalamus.

[Monoaminergic and aminoacidergic mechanisms of the posterior hypothalamus in realization of the antiaversive effects of anxiosedative and anxioselective agents in various anxiety models]. / O monoaminericheskikh i aminokislotergicheskikh mekhanizmakh zadnego gipotalamusa v realizatsii antiaversivnykh éffektov anksiosedativnykh i anksioselektivnykh sredstv na razlichnykh modeliakh trevogi.

Experiments using the "illuminated site" and "threatening situation" avoidance tests on rats after preliminary intraperitoneal injection of monoamines, mediator amino acids, and their agonists and antagonists, followed by microinjection of the same combinations into the posterior hypothalamus revealed functional ambiguity in the neurochemical profile of this limbic brain formation in realization of the anxiety states of various genesis. Pharmacological analysis was performed after preliminary injection of various anxiosedative and anxioselective agents into the posterior hypothalamus. It was found that the antiaversive action of chloridiazepoxide, fenibut, and indoter is manifested only under conditions of dominating fear motivation and is mediated by a GABAergic mechanism in the posterior hypothalamus. The anxiolytic effect of campiron is manifested only under negative-stressor zoosocial impact conditions and is mediated by the serotoninergic profile of synaptic switching in this limbic brain formation.

[Monoamine, GABA, and glutamergic mechanisms of the anterior hypothalamus in anti-aversive effects of sedative and selective drugs in various models of anxiety]. / Issledovanie monoamin-, GAMK- i glutamatergicheskikh mekhanizmov perednego gipotalamusa v antiaversivnykh éffektakh anksiosedativnykh i anksioselektivnykh sredstv na razlichnykh modeliakh trevogi.

The experiments using "illuminated site" and "threatening situation" avoidance tests on rats microinjected with GABA, glutamic acid, monoamines and their agonists and antagonists, as well as anxiosedative and anxioselective agents into the anterior hypothalamus revealed functional ambiguity in the neurochemical profile of this limbic brain formation in the anxiety states of various aversive genesis. Preliminary intraperitoneal injection of the monoamine and GABA antagonists, followed by the local administration of the antianxiety drugs studied, showed that the antiaversive action of chlordiazepoxide, fenibut, and indoter is manifested in both anxiety models via a GABAergic mechanism in the anterior hypothalamus. The anxiolytic effect of campiron is manifested only under negative-stressor zoosocial conditions and is mediated by the serotoninergic systems of this limbic brain formation.

[Neurochemical characteristics of the ventromedial hypothalamus and anti-aversive effects of anxiolytic agents in various anxiety models]. / Neirokhimicheskie osobennosti ventromedial'nogo gipotalamusa v realizatsii antiaversionnykh éffektov anksiolitikov na razlichnykh modeliakh trevogi.

Neurochemical analysis using anxiosedative and anxioselective agents injected into the hypothalamus revealed that antiaversive action of camprione is only realised under conditions of domineering fear motivation whereas that of chlordiazepoxide, phenibut, indoter may also be realised under conditions of negative stressful zoo-social impacts mediated by serotonin.