Broadband laser enhanced dual-beam interferometry.

We demonstrate a dual-beam, balanced detector approach, compatible with commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometers that provide a single modulated output. Implemented with a near-IR mode-locked fiber laser source and an external broadband polarizing beamsplitter, the dual-beam method provides relative intensity noise reduction and real-time baseline drift cancellation. Noise levels within a factor of three above the shot noise limit (using 0.6 mW of optical power) are demonstrated for the weak second overtone of CO. The method should be particularly well suited for applications like broadband spectroscopy using a large fraction of the supercontinuum generated in a highly nonlinear fiber, and attenuated reflection spectroscopy, for which extreme pathlength enhancement is challenging.

[Bronchial parameters in inhabitants from the North]. / Osobennosti parametrov bronkhial'nogo dereva u zhitelei Severa]

The number of branches in the bronchial tree as a whole and in each generation was calculated on corrosion preparations of the right lung in 16 male inhabitants of Novosibirsk and Magadan. Diameters and lengths of a trachea, main, lobar, segmentary and subsegmentary bronchi, interlobular, lobular and terminal bronchioles were determined. The parameters of the 9 first generations were measured completely while those of distal airways--by 15% occasional choice. In both groups the number of branches in the generation was established to grow proportionally to generation number growth and then to decrease due to asymmetry of branches and termination of the part of them at the level of terminal bronchiole. In Magadan inhabitants bronchial tree was longer and wider. The anatomical dead space was 1.6 fold larger in North inhabitants than in that of Novosibirsk. Comparison to physiological data shows that in Novosibirsk inhabitants anatomic dead space makes 27% of respiratory volume, while in that of Magadan--34%. As a result the volume of the air inhaled in North inhabitants which is blended in airways is greater than in Western Siberia people.

[Architectonics and parameters of interlobular bronchioles in residents of western Siberia]. / Arkhitekhtonika i parametry mezhdol'kovykh bronkhiol u zhitelei zapadnoi Sibiri.

Architectonics and parameters of interlobular bronchioles (ILBs) were examined in corrosion and histological preparations of the right lung in 13 male residents of Novosibirsk died from accidents. It was demonstrated that ILBs were present in all pulmonary segments and subsegments and were carrying the air from subsegmental bronchi to lobular bronchioles. According to architectonics, ILBs could be divided into three types: trunk, scattered and mixed. Majority of ILBs belonged to the trunk type (65-66%), while scattered and mixed types were less frequent (constituting 13-14% and 20-21%, respectively). Right lung contained 230-250 ILBs. The number of lobules stemming from one ILB varied from one to twelve. The average ILB had 3.4 +/- 0.1 branches and was found to ventilate 5.3 +/- 0.3 pulmonary lobules. Parameters of I and II order ILBs were measured separately. No significant differences in the mean ILBs diameters in different lobes and segments were detected. Regularities in length distribution were not found.

[Structural organization of a human lung lobule]. / Strukturnaia organizatsiia legochnoi dol'ki cheloveka.

Structure and number of human lung lobules were investigated in corrosion preparations and by the method of 3-dimensional reconstruction using serial sections. It was established that the bronchial tree branches inside the lobules 4 to 6 times forming 3 to 5 orders of intralobular bronchioles and 1 order of terminal bronchioles. Structure of lobules in all human lung lobes is identical and has a repeating group of bronchial branches as a basis. The lung lobule consists of 8 to 20 acini. In the right lung the average of lobules numbers is 1200.

[Ion-exchange hemosorption in the intensive therapy of liver insufficiency in patients with obstructive jaundice]. / Ionoobmennaia gemosorbtsiia v intensivnoi terapii pechenochnoi nedostatochnosti u bol'nykh obturatsionnoi zheltukhi.

Hemosorption on thromboresistant ion-exchange resins synthetized at D. I. Mendeleev Moscow Chemical Technological Institute (MCTI) was used in combined therapy of hepatic failure. Use was made of anion-exchange resin A-I-II MCTI, catonit C-I-II MCTI, polyampholit. Stability of hemodynamic parameters, absence of blood element disturbances, effective sampling of anionic and cationic metabolites have been observed.