Role of ESCCAL-1 in regulating exocytosis of AuNPs in human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells.

Exocytosis is a critical factor for designing efficient nanocarriers and determining cytotoxicity. However, the research on the exocytosis mechanism of nanoparticles, especially the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has not been reported. In this study, the exocytosis of AuNPs in the KYSE70 cells and the involved molecular pathways of exocytosis are analyzed. It demonstrates that nanoparticles underwent time-dependent release from the cells by exocytosis, and the release of ß-hexosaminidase confirms that AuNPs are excreted through lysosomes. Mechanistic studies reveal that lncRNA ESCCAL-1 plays a vital role in controlling the exocytosis of AuNPs through activation of the MAPK pathway, including the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. The study implies that the ESCCAL-1-mediated pathway plays an important role in the exocytosis of AuNPs in KYSE70 cells. This finding has implications for the role of ESCCAL-1 on the drug resistance of esophagus cancer by controlling lysosome-mediated exocytosis.

Nocardioides soli sp. nov., a carbendazim-degrading bacterium isolated from soil under the long-term application of carbendazim.

The taxonomic status of a carbendazim-degrading strain, mbc-2(T), isolated from soil under the long-term application of carbendazim in China was determined by means of a polyphasic study. The cells were Gram-stain-positive, motile and rod-shaped. Strain mbc-2(T) grew optimally at pH 7.0, 30-35 °C and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain mbc-2(T) fell within the genus Nocardioides, forming a coherent cluster with the type strain of Nocardioides hankookensis, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.9%. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain mbc-2(T) were consistent with those of the genus Nocardioides: the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, the predominant menaquinone was MK-8 (H4) and the major fatty acid was iso-C(16 : 0). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, unknown phospholipids and an unknown aminolipid. The DNA G+C content was 72 mol%. Strain mbc-2(T) exhibited DNA-DNA relatedness values of 12.5±1.5%, 23.7±2.7% and 26.3±3.2% with respect to Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30(T), Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9(T) and Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4(T). On the basis of the data obtained, strain mbc-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is mbc-2(T) ( = KACC 17152(T) = CCTCC AB 2012934(T)).

Biodegradation of carbendazim by a novel actinobacterium Rhodococcus jialingiae djl-6-2.

A novel actinobacterial strain Rhodococcus jialingiae djl-6-2 capable of using carbendazim (MBC) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for growth was used to investigate its metabolism pathway of MBC. The HPLC and MS/MS analysis showed that MBC was hydrolyzed to 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-AB) and then converted to benzimidazole or 2-hydroxybenzimidazole (2-HB). The conversion of 2-AB was inhibited by NH(4)NO(3). The benzene ring of 2-HB was further opened through meta (extradiol) catechol cleavage. The inoculation of strain djl-6-2 to MBC-contaminated soil resulted in a higher degradation rate than noninoculated soil, which indicated the potential of strain djl-6-2 in bioremediation of MBC polluted soil.