[Association between airborne particulate matter（PM 2.5） concentration and the incidence of allergic rhinitis in Shanghai].

Objective:To explore the impact of PM 2.5 concentration in Shanghai on the incidence of allergic rhinitis（AR） in the population, and provide strategies for early warning and prevention of AR. Methods:Collect daily average concentrations of atmospheric pollutants monitored in Shanghai from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, and clinical data of AR patients from five hospitals in Shanghai during the same period. We used a time-series analysis additive Poisson regression model to analyze the correlation between PM 2.5 levels and outpatient attendance for AR patients. Results:During the study period, a total of 56 500 AR patients were included, and the daily average concentration of PM 2.5 was（35.28±23.07）µg/m³. There is a correlation between the concentration of PM 2.5 and the number of outpatient attendance for AR cases. There is a positive correlation between the daily average number of outpatient for AR and levels of PM 2.5 air pollution（（P<0.05）） . We found that every 10 µg/m³ increase in PM 2.5, the impact of on the number of AR visits was statistically significant on the same day, the first day behind, and the second day behind, with the strongest impact being the exposure on the same day. Every 10 µg/m³ increases in PM 2.5, the number of outpatient visits increased by 0.526% on the same day（95%CI 1.000 50-1.010 04）. Conclusion:The atmospheric PM 2.5 concentration in Shanghai is positively correlated with the number of outpatient for AR, and PM 2.5 exposure is an independent factor in the onset of AR. This provides an important theoretical basis for AR.

Coblation tonsillectomy under surgical microscopy: A retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study to compare surgical parameters and postoperative pain in patients undergoing coblation tonsillectomy with or without microscopic guidance. METHODS: Data regarding duration of surgery and hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, incidence of haemorrhage and postoperative pain scores were retrieved from the medical records of adult patients undergoing coblation tonsillectomy under direct vision or with microscopic guidance. RESULTS: The incidence of secondary haemorrhage (>24 h postoperatively) was significantly lower and the duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the microscope group (n = 92) than the direct vision group (n = 76). Pain scores both at rest and while swallowing reached ≤3 (no significant impact on quality-of-life) significantly faster in the microscope group than the direct vision group. CONCLUSIONS: Microscope-assisted coblation tonsillectomy decreases the duration of hospital stay and the incidence of postoperative secondary haemorrhage, and results in an early improvement in postoperative pain scores.

[The changes in vestibular function in patients with diabetes mellitus and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of vestibular function in patients with diabetes mellitus and its clinical significance. METHOD: Electronystagmography (ENG) was used to examine 76 patients with diabetes mellitus and 60 healthy adults subjects. After clinical detection of vestibular function including spontaneous nystagmus, positional test, head shaking nystagmus, neck torsion test, caloric test, and sensory organization tests which consist of gaze, saccade and smooth pursuit test, the results of these two groups were recorded for qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis. RESULT: The rate of vestibular dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus were 68.4%. and that of the controls were 8.3%. There was significant difference between these two groups (chi2 = 15.472, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Vertigo or dizziness occurred in patients with diabetes mellitus might be related to vestibular dysfunction. ENG test could be used as one of the objective clinical examinations in patients with diabetes mellitus.

[Application of auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission in the clinical detection of hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristic of hearing loss and the changes of the auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emission in diabetics. METHOD: General information of 136 diabetics were investigated whether had the complication of capillary vessel and hearing loss with self-made questionnaire at random. 136 cases (272 ears) were tested with ABR and DPOAE. They were divided into A, B, C, D four groups according to the age of per ten years (30-70 years). Other 120 (240 ears) matched healthy adult were enrolled in the control group. The pure tone threshold (PTT), acoustic impedance, ABR and DPOAE results were compared between the four groups and the control group, and then made statistical analysis. RESULT: When comparing to the control group, the interpeak latency I-V and ABR response were no significant difference between patients at the stage of 30 years. Not only the threshold of wave V was elevated with aging in patients over 40 years, but the amplitude of the peak latencies of waves III and V were lessening, and the interpeak latency III-V and I-V were prolonged between patients at the stage of 60 years, which had significant difference compared with age-matched patients (P < 0.05). The inducing rate of DPOAE were 100% in the test and control group, but the amplitude of DPOAE declined ranged from 1 to 8 kHz in patients with early diabetes mellitus and were significantly reduced at 4 kHz, which had significant difference compared with age-matched patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with diabetes mellitus had slight and moderate hearing loss gradually. The ABR and the threshold of ABR response were varied with the age and sex of patients, and whether had the complication of capillary vessel, but were not related to its type and disease course. The DPOAE can comprehend the cochlear disorder in patients with early diabetes mellitus.

[The clinical characteristic of electroglottography curves of pathological voice in adult].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristic of Electroglottography (EGG) curves of pathological voice in adult. METHOD: Four hundred and fifty-three adults with pathological voices were examined by EGG and the abnormal EGG curves were analyzed. RESULT: (1) the EGG cycle was composed of contact phase (CP) and open phase (OP), the ratio of CP/OP was between 0.70 to 2.95, otherwise it was abnormal; (2) the CP was composed of closing-contact phase (CCP) and contact-opening phase (COP); the OP was composed of opening-open phase (OOP) and open-closing phase (OCP); (3) the abnormal formations of every phases in vibration cycle contained: smooth CCP, notches in CCP, flat in wave peak, steep COP, notches in COP, knurls in COP, knurls in OOP and in OCP; duplicate waves and irregular waves were fewer, but they reflected the special vibratory patterns of pathological voices; (5) Each abnormal formation fell as the follow: COP>OP>CCP. Each pathological voices presented different characteristics; (6) combined variance appeared in part pathological voices, such as single vocal polyps, double vocal polyps, Reinke edema and glottic laryngocarcinoma. COP combined with OOP was the most usual. CONCLUSION: The abnormal variance formations of EGG curves of pathological voices in adult are intricate and they have inherent relations with each other. The establishment of OP variance increases the pathological EGG and the OP abnormities is CP abnormities. There are different orientations and rules in different pathological voices.