CTRP9 protects against MIA-induced inflammation and knee cartilage damage by deactivating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in rats with osteoarthritis.

C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9), the closest paralog of adiponectin, has been reported to protect against inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in regulating osteoarthritis (OA) has not been fully elucidated. First, a rat model of OA was generated. Furthermore, rats with OA were injected with different doses of recombinant CTRP9 protein (rCTRP9), and the knee cartilage damage was evaluated. Finally, the phosphorylation of p38 and the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were detected by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results revealed that CTRP9 was highly expressed in adipose tissue, followed by skeletal muscle and cartilage tissue, and less expressed in liver, kidney and lung. Moreover, the expression of CTRP9 significantly decreased in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) group in the knee cartilage and knee synovial fluid, and the contents of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and IL-6 significantly increased in knee synovial fluid. In addition, rCTRP9 alleviated MIA-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and knee cartilage damage in a dose-dependent way. In addition, rCTRP9 could attenuate the expression of p38MAPK and p-p38 and suppress the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), p65 and MMPs. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that CTRP9 alleviates the inflammation of MIA-induced OA through deactivating p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in rats.

A novel combination of computer-assisted reduction technique and three dimensional printed patient-specific external fixator for treatment of tibial fractures.

PURPOSE: Good reduction and appropriate fixation are critical for long bone fractures, however, neither has been addressed satisfactorily. Robotic and navigation techniques can help improve the reduction accuracy. However, their clinical applications are limited by high cost and complexity in operation. The aim of this study was to discuss the feasibility of a customized external fixator in treating long bone fractures. METHODS: We combined a computer-assisted reduction technique with 3D printing to develop a customized external fixator for treating three cases of tibial fractures. The reduction accuracy and fixation results were discussed in terms of operation time, X-ray examinations after operation, and limb function recovery. RESULTS: Good reduction results were obtained on all three tibial fractures with an average lateral displacement of 2.04 mm (±1.53) and an angulation of 2.54° (±1.33). The surgery was not experience-dependent, and no intra-operative X-ray examinations were conducted. The average operative time was 8.67 minutes (±0.58). CONCLUSIONS: A novel customized external fixator for the treatment of tibial fractures has the advantages of easy manipulation, accurate reduction, appropriate fixation, minimal invasion and experience-independence, and therefore has huge potential in clinical applications.