The complete mitochondrial genome of pseudanthias pascalus (Jordan & Tanaka, 1927) (perciformes: serranidae).

Pseudanthias pascalus (Jordan & Tanaka, 1927) (Perciformes: Serranidae) is a species of brightly colored saltwater fish found in tropical coastal reef communities. In this study, we reported the sequence of mitochondrial DNA from P. pascalus. The accession number is OP611422. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. pascalus was 16,863 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 12S and 16S rRNAs, 22 tRNA genes, and one displacement loop (D-loop). Most PCGs had ATG-start codons and TAA-end codons. The A + T contents were 54.61%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. pascalus is most closely related to Pseudanthias huchtii. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of P. pascalus, providing improved marker identification information for the classification of the family and species conservation. These data will be useful for relative ecological and phylogenetic studies.

Off-label use of Baricitinib improves moderate and severe atopic dermatitis in China through inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway via targeting JAK-STAT signaling of CD4+ cells.

As an inflammatory disease with a disrupted immune system, cytokine disorders in atopic dermatitis (AD) are closely related to the abnormal activation of JAK-STAT signal pathway. The critical relevance of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to the pathogenesis of AD provides a strong rationale for JAK inhibitor research. Baricitinib, a small-molecule oral JAK inhibitor, has been proven to inhibit JAK-STAT signaling in a variety of diseases, including AD. It is currently available in China for off-label use. However, its efficacy in China and its mechanism are rarely reported. In our study, we found that the immune status of patients with moderate and severe AD was hyperactive. Among the 49 known immunotherapy targets, JAK1 and JAK2 genes on lymphocytes of AD patients were significantly upregulated, which was closely related to the symptom severity in moderate and severe AD patients. Baricitinib can improve immune hyperresponsiveness and clinical symptoms in moderate and severe AD by inhibiting the activation of Th2 cell subsets and the secretion of Th2-type cytokines through MAPK, mTOR and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, providing an important theoretical basis for clinical off-label use of Baricitinib to treat moderate and severe AD.

Hierarchical Morphing Control of an Ultra-Lightweight Electro-Actuated Polymer Telescope with Thin-Film Actuators.

This paper explores advanced shape control techniques for ultra-lightweight electro-actuated polymers with composite ferroelectric thin films. It begins with an overview of PVDF-TrFE film actuators used in the development of thin-shell composites, emphasizing the need to overcome constraints related to the electrode size for successful scalability. Strain generation in thin-film actuators is investigated, including conventional electrode-based methods and non-contact electron flux excitation. Numerical studies incorporate experimentally calibrated ferroelectric parameters, modeling non-contact actuation with an equivalent circuit representation. The potential distribution generated by electron flux injection highlights its potential for reducing print-through actuation issues. Additionally, the paper outlines a vision for the future of large thin-shell reflectors by integrating the discussed methods for charging ferroelectric polymer films. A hierarchical control strategy is proposed, combining macro- and micro-scale techniques to rectify shape errors in lightweight reflectors. These strategies offer the potential to enhance precision and performance in future spaceborne observation systems, benefiting space exploration and communication technologies.

PPARγ inhibits small airway remodeling through mediating the polarization homeostasis of alveolar macrophages in COPD.

The role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPARγ) in alveolar macrophages(AMs) polarization homeostasis is closely associated with airway remodeling in COPD, but the definite mechanism remains unclear. In this study, elevated percentage of M1-type AMs and the expression of functionally cytokines were found in COPD patients and mice, which closely related to the disease severity. PPARγ was markedly up-regulated in M2-type AMs and down-regulated in M1-type AMs, and was associated with disease severity in COPD. Co-cultured with M1- or M2-type AMs promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of airway epithelial cells and the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells. Moreover, airway remodeling and functional damage were observed in both IL4R-/- COPD mice with runaway M1-type AMs polarization and TLR4-/- COPD mice with runaway M2-type AMs polarization. Cigarette extract (CS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated PPARγ-/- AMs showed more serious polarization disorder towards M1, as well as CS induced PPARγ-/- COPD mice, which led to more severe airway inflammation, lung function damage, and airway remodeling. Treatment with PPARγ agonist significantly improved the polarization disorder and function activity in CS/LPS stimulated-AMs by inhibiting the JAK-STAT, MAPK and NF-κB pathways, and alleviated the airway inflammation, restored the lung function and suppressed airway remodeling in CS induced-COPD mice. Our research demonstrates that polarization homeostasis of AMs mediated by PPARγ has the protective effect in airway remodeling, and may be a novel therapeutic target for the intervention and treatment of airway remodeling in COPD.

Recent Advances in Decellularized Matrix-Derived Materials for Bioink and 3D Bioprinting.

As an emerging 3D printing technology, 3D bioprinting has shown great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Decellularized extracellular matrices (dECM) have recently made significant research strides and have been used to create unique tissue-specific bioink that can mimic biomimetic microenvironments. Combining dECMs with 3D bioprinting may provide a new strategy to prepare biomimetic hydrogels for bioinks and hold the potential to construct tissue analogs in vitro, similar to native tissues. Currently, the dECM has been proven to be one of the fastest growing bioactive printing materials and plays an essential role in cell-based 3D bioprinting. This review introduces the methods of preparing and identifying dECMs and the characteristic requirements of bioink for use in 3D bioprinting. The most recent advances in dECM-derived bioactive printing materials are then thoroughly reviewed by examining their application in the bioprinting of different tissues, such as bone, cartilage, muscle, the heart, the nervous system, and other tissues. Finally, the potential of bioactive printing materials generated from dECM is discussed.

Cross-domain few-shot learning based on pseudo-Siamese neural network.

Cross-domain few-shot learning is one of the research highlights in machine learning. The difficulty lies in the accuracy drop of cross-domain network learning on a single domain due to the differences between the domains. To alleviate the problem, according to the idea of contour cognition and the process of human recognition, we propose a few-shot learning method based on pseudo-Siamese convolution neural network. The original image and the sketch map are respectively sent to the branch network in the pre-training and meta-learning process. While maintaining the original image features, the contour features are separately extracted as branch for training at the same time to improve the accuracy and generalization of learning. We conduct cross-domain few-shot learning experiments and good results have been achieved using mini-ImageNet as source domain, EuroSAT and ChestX as the target domains. Also, the results are qualitatively analyzed using a heatmap to verify the feasibility of our method.

Selective detection of sulfasalazine antibiotic and its controllable photodegradation into 5-aminosalicylic acid by visible-light-responsive metal-organic framework.

The extensive use of sulfasalazine (SSZ) antibiotics has brought potential threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Thus, necessary measures for the removal of SSZ must be taken to prevent arbitrary antibiotic exposure to the aquatic environment. However, not all the recent photocatalysts that have been used for the degradation of SSZ could not achieve the controlled release of SSZ and hence are losing their medicinal values. Herein, by utilizing an Eosin Y moiety as an efficient light-harvesting and emission site, an Eosin Y-based visible-light-responsive metal-organic framework has been synthesized and characterized, which exhibits high selectivity for detecting the antibiotic SSZ in water and simulated physiological conditions, with a detection limit of below 1 µM (0.4 µg mL-1). It also represents the first example of a MOF-based photocatalyst for the controllable degradation of SSZ into 5-aminosalicylic acid with excellent catalytic activity and recyclability.

Index system of rural human settlement in rural revitalization under the perspective of China.

Rural revitalization strategies are an important task in China. Currently, it is in the transition from poverty alleviation to rural revitalization. This paper proposes an evaluation index of rural revitalization and development potential based on a summary of previous studies. Together with the TOPSIS method, the corresponding coefficients of each index layer and the weight coefficient of the criterion layer were analyzed. This shows that during the process, the work direction of rural revitalization varies based on different revitalization types. In this study, diagnostic tools are utilized to conduct a potential development analysis of rural human settlements by identifying the main influencing factors for rural revitalization. In addition, an index system for improving rural human settlement strategies is established. Overall, it helps in defining the interventions of reducing and managing the risk of rural vitalization and evaluating the potential ability of rural revitalization. It also suggests that Anhui Province should focus on carrying out the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas according to the different functional positions of the countryside.

Latest advances in biomimetic nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death in China, with increasingly serious negative effects on people and society. Despite significant advances in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation/flutter and heart failure over the last few years, much more remains to be done. Therefore, developing innovative methods for identifying and managing cardiovascular disorders is critical. Nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in biomedicine, primarily better catalytic activity, drug loading, targeting, and imaging. Biomimetic materials and nanoparticles are specially combined to synthesize biomimetic nanoparticles that successfully reduce the nanoparticles' toxicity and immunogenicity while enhancing histocompatibility. Additionally, the biological targeting capability of nanoparticles facilitates the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular disease. Nowadays, nanomedicine still faces numerous challenges, which necessitates creating nanoparticles that are highly selective, toxic-free, and better clinically applicable. This study reviews the scientific accomplishments in this field over the past few years covering the classification, applications, and prospects of noble metal biomimetic nanozymes and biomimetic nanocarriers.

Application of cadmium-doped ZnO for the solar photocatalytic degradation of phenol.

In this study, photocatalysis of phenol was studied using Cd-ZnO nanorods, which were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The Cd-ZnO photocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD patterns exhibit diffraction peaks indexed to the hexagonal wurtzite structures with the P63mc space group. SEM images showed that the average size of the Cd-ZnO nanorods was about 90 nm. Moreover, the nanorods were not agglomerated and were well-dispersed in the aqueous medium. FT-IR analysis confirmed that a surface modifier (n-butylamine) did not add any functional groups onto the Cd-ZnO nanorods. The dopant used in this study showed reduction of the bandgap energy between valence and conduction of the photocatalyst. In addition, effect of various operational parameters including type of photocatalyst, pH, initial concentration of phenol, amount of photocatalyst, and irradiation time on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol has been investigated. The highest phenol removal was achieved using 1% Cd-ZnO for 20 mg/l phenol at pH 7, 3 g/l photocatalyst, 120 min contact time, and 0.01 mole H2O2.

The critical role of point defects in improving the specific capacitance of δ-MnO2 nanosheets.

3D porous nanostructures built from 2D δ-MnO2 nanosheets are an environmentally friendly and industrially scalable class of supercapacitor electrode material. While both the electrochemistry and defects of this material have been studied, the role of defects in improving the energy storage density of these materials has not been addressed. In this work, δ-MnO2 nanosheet assemblies with 150 m2 g-1 specific surface area are prepared by exfoliation of crystalline KxMnO2 and subsequent reassembly. Equilibration at different pH introduces intentional Mn vacancies into the nanosheets, increasing pseudocapacitance to over 300 F g-1, reducing charge transfer resistance as low as 3 Ω, and providing a 50% improvement in cycling stability. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray scattering demonstrate a correlation between the defect content and the improved electrochemical performance. The results show that Mn vacancies provide ion intercalation sites which concurrently improve specific capacitance, charge transfer resistance and cycling stability.

Biomolecular Evidence of Silk from 8,500 Years Ago.

Pottery, bone implements, and stone tools are routinely found at Neolithic sites. However, the integrity of textiles or silk is susceptible to degradation, and it is therefore very difficult for such materials to be preserved for 8,000 years. Although previous studies have provided important evidence of the emergence of weaving skills and tools, such as figuline spinning wheels and osseous lamellas with traces of filament winding, there is a lack of direct evidence proving the existence of silk. In this paper, we explored evidence of prehistoric silk fibroin through the analysis of soil samples collected from three tombs at the Neolithic site of Jiahu. Mass spectrometry was employed and integrated with proteomics to characterize the key peptides of silk fibroin. The direct biomolecular evidence reported here showed the existence of prehistoric silk fibroin, which was found in 8,500-year-old tombs. Rough weaving tools and bone needles were also excavated, indicating the possibility that the Jiahu residents may possess the basic weaving and sewing skills in making textile. This finding may advance the study of the history of silk, and the civilization of the Neolithic Age.

Luminescence of delafossite-type CuAlO2 fibers with Eu substitution for Al cations.

CuAlO2 has been examined as a potential luminescent material by substituting Eu for Al cations in the delafossite structure. CuAlO2:Eu3+ nanofibers have been prepared via electrospinning for the ease of mitigating synthesis requirements and for future optoelectronics and emerging applications. Single-phase CuAlO2 fibers could be obtained at a temperature of 1100 °C in air. The Eu was successfully doped in the delafossite structure and two strong emission bands at ~405 and 610 nm were observed in the photoluminescence spectra. These bands are due to the intrinsic near-band-edge transition of CuAlO2 and the f-f transition of the Eu3+ activator, respectively. Further electrical characterization indicated that these fibers exhibit semiconducting behavior and the introduction of Eu could act as band-edge modifiers, thus changing the thermal activation energies. In light of this study, CuAlO2:Eu3+ fibers with both strong photoluminescence and p-type conductivity could be produced by tailoring the rare earth doping concentrations.

Different Types of Peptide Detected by Mass Spectrometry among Fresh Silk and Archaeological Silk Remains for Distinguishing Modern Contamination.

Archaeological silk provides abundant information for studying ancient technologies and cultures. However, due to the spontaneous degradation and the damages from burial conditions, most ancient silk fibers which suffered the damages for thousands of years were turned into invisible molecular residues. For the obtained rare samples, extra care needs to be taken to accurately identify the genuine archaeological silk remains from modern contaminations. Although mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for identifying and analyzing the ancient protein residues, the traditional approach could not directly determine the dating and contamination of each sample. In this paper, a series of samples with a broad range of ages were tested by MS to find an effective and innovative approach to determine whether modern contamination exists, in order to verify the authenticity and reliability of the ancient samples. The new findings highlighted that the detected peptide types of the fibroin light chain can indicate the degradation levels of silk samples and help to distinguish contamination from ancient silk remains.