RESUMO
Mitigation of the peroxide explosive threat, specifically triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), is a priority among the law enforcement community, as scientists and canine (K9) units are constantly working to improve detection. We propose the use of paper spray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (PSI-HRMS) for detection of peroxide explosives in biological matrices. Occurrence of peroxide explosives and/or their metabolites in biological samples, obtained from urine or blood tests, give scientific evidence of peroxide explosives exposure. PSI-HRMS promote analysis of samples in situ by eliminating laborious sample preparation steps. However, it increases matrix background issues, which were overcome by the formation of multiple alkali metal adducts with the peroxide explosives. Multiple ion formation increases confidence when identifying these peroxide explosives in direct sample analysis. Our previous work examined aspects of TATP metabolism. Herein, we investigate the excretion of a TATP glucuronide conjugate in the urine of bomb-sniffing dogs and demonstrate its detection using PSI from the in vivo sample.
Assuntos
Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/análise , Substâncias Explosivas/análise , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 1 Anel/análise , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Peróxidos/análise , Animais , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/metabolismo , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/toxicidade , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Cães , Substâncias Explosivas/metabolismo , Substâncias Explosivas/toxicidade , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 1 Anel/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 1 Anel/toxicidade , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Exposição Ocupacional , Papel , Peróxidos/química , Peróxidos/toxicidadeRESUMO
Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) are prominent explosive threats. Mitigation of peroxide explosives is a priority among the law enforcement community, with canine (K9) units being trained to recognise the scent of peroxide explosives. Herein, the metabolism, blood distribution, and toxicity of peroxide explosives are investigated.HMTD metabolism studies in liver microsomes identified two potential metabolites, tetramethylene diperoxide diamine alcohol aldehyde (TMDDAA) and tetramethylene peroxide diamine dialcohol dialdehyde (TMPDDD).Blood stability studies in dogs and humans showed that HMTD was rapidly degraded, whereas TATP remained for at least one week.Toxicity studies in dog and human hepatocytes indicated minimum cell death for both TATP and HMTD.
