Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from Chronic Osteomyelitis in the Extremities: Treatment Approach and Oncological Outcomes-A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Aims: In chronic osteomyelitis-derived squamous cell carcinoma, what are the demographic and clinical variables, risk factors associated with worse outcomes, and results of treatment modalities used? Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed and EMBASE. Articles were evaluated for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and for quality analysis. PRISMA guidelines were applied. Demographic and clinical data and therapeutic approaches were presented narratively and in descriptive statistics registered at PROSPERO. Results: Most patients were male (40/49), trauma was the most common etiology (27/36), and about half of all SCC were in the tibia (25/48). Amputation was the main definitive treatment (42/47). Adjuvant treatments were not analyzed. Well-differentiated SCC accounted for 58.3% (21/36) of all tumors. Bone invasion was described in 82.8% (24/29); recurrence, in 7.7% (3/39); and metastasis, in 7.7% (3/39). Recurrence and metastasis occurred more frequently when bone invasion was present (p = 0.578 and p = 0.646, respectively). SCC with lymph node involvement showed a higher tendency to metastasize (p = 0.377). Compared with limb salvage, amputation was associated with a tendency for less recurrence (p = 0.312) and longer survival (p = 0.219). Conclusions: COM-derived SCC mostly occurs after trauma and is usually located in the tibia. Bone invasion is common, and patients predominantly undergo amputation. This treatment is associated with a trend toward higher survival, compared to limb salvage.

Influence of irradiance and exposure time on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of a conventional and silorane composite.

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different combinations of irradiance and exposure time for a given radiant exposure on the degree of conversion (DC) and on the mechanical properties of two resin composites: Filtek Z250 and Filtek P90 LS (3M ESPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following curing protocols were used: Standard irradiance: 400 mW/cm2 for 60 s; Medium irradiance: 700 mW/cm2 for 34 s and High irradiance: 950 mW/cm2 for 26 s. The DC was measured using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Each specimen was submitted to five indentations to evaluate the Knoop microhardness (KHN). The flexural strength (FS) was obtained from the three-point bending test. Cylindrical specimens were prepared for the Diametral tensile strength (DTS) test. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: DC and DTS were not influenced by the different curing protocols. For P90, the medium irradiance showed higher values of KHN than the standard irradiance. For Z250, the high irradiance showed higher values of FS than the standard irradiance. CONCLUSION: The influence of the different combinations of irradiance and exposure time depends on the resin composite as well as the specifically evaluated mechanical property.

[Infection by human papilloma virus amongst female inmates in a social re-adaptation centre in South-West Mexico]. / Infección por el Virus del Papiloma Humano en mujeres recluidas en Centros de Readaptación Social en el sureste de México.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work is describe the epidemiology of HVP amongst female inmates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 82 women were studied in a cross sectional study. Epidemiological data were collected through a direct interview. Samples of cervical cells were taken. HPV and genotypes were identified by molecular test. RESULTS: Global HPV prevalence was 20.7%. Fifteen different genotypes were identified 60% low risk HPV, 26.7% high risk HPV and 13.3% were not classified in any of the two groups. Types 6/11 were the most common. 23.5% (04/17) of HPV positives samples had multiple infections, 3 with 2 genotypes and one with 3. Association between infection with HPV and smoking was found, p= 0.0258, OR 3.79 IC 95% (1.01-15.58).

[Maximum oxygen consumption and serum lipids in diabetics, controls, and athletes]. / Consumo máximo de oxígeno y los lípidos séricos en diabéticos, controles y atletas.

Although it has been pointed out that the main cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic are dyslipidemias, hypertension, and cigarette smoking, very few studies have analyzed other risk factors, such as sedentarism and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max). The purpose of this study was to evaluate VO2 max and blood lipids (total cholesterol = TC, high density lipoproteins cholesterol = HDL; low density lipoproteins cholesterol = LDL; triglycerides = TG), in 19 diabetics subjects, 19 sedentary and 19 long distance runners. The diabetics of 5-10 years of evolution were non obese (body fat < 28%), and in regular metabolic control (Hb A1 < 12%). The athletes had more than five years of uninterrupted training. The diabetics had significantly lower VO2 max, than the other groups. The mean +/- SEM (mL/kg/min) in diabetics was 30.5 +/- 1.6 versus 41.3 +/- 2.3 in the controls and 54.2 +/- 2.5 in the athletes. There were significant group differences in TG (218 +/- 44 in diabetics vs 106 +/- 16 in controls and 94 +/- 10 mg/dL in athletes) and in HDL (27.3 +/- 4.3 in diabetes versus 34.1 +/- 4.3 and 43.9 +/- 6.3 mg/dL). These data suggest that sedentarism and low VO2 max may be important risk factors in diabetics. An aerobic program for them could perhaps change their blood lipids favorably as their VO2 max was significantly correlated with TG (r = -0.45), HDL (r = 0.52) and the TC/HDL ratio (r = -0.57).

Role of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus in acute paediatric diarrhoea at an urban hospital in Mexico.

Of 150 acute diarrhoea paediatric cases admitted to the General Hospital Augustín O'Horán in Mérida, Yucatán, México between January 1986 and December 1986, human rotavirus was detected in the faeces of 48 (32%) either as the sole aetiological agent or in association with other viruses. Adenovirus was detected in faeces of 18 (12%) patients. Rotavirus of the long pattern type (antigenic subgroup II) predominated. Children aged 7 to 12 months were most commonly infected. Rotavirus was detected throughout the year, whereas adenovirus was detected between January and September only. Clinical features of patients with rotavirus and adenovirus infections are compared.

[Effect of body posture on serum concentration of lipids]. / "Efecto de la postura corporal sobre la concentración de los lipidos séricos".

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of body postural changes (supine-upright), upon the serum concentration of cholesterol (CT), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma proteins (to calculate delta% change in plasma y volume). Nine healthy men participated as subjects. Their age ranged from 32 +/- 3 years old, and 16 +/- 4% body fat (X +/- SD). After 10-12 hours post absorptive and appropriate rest, they performed a standard orthostatic maneuver: subjects remained supine for 30 minutes, then assumed the standing position (unsupported and with minimal movement) for additional 30 minutes. Blood samples were obtained after 30 minutes supine and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes of standing. At 10 minutes of orthostatism, CT, TG, HDL and VLDL had a significant increase as compared to supine values; these changes were associated with a reduction of 8.9% on plasma volume (PV) (p less than 0.05). After 30 minutes of orthostatism CT, TG, HDL and VLDL showed increments of 8.5%, 33.3%, 20.1% and 32% respectively, in relation to the supine values (p less than 0.05). Changes on serum lipids were associated with PV reductions until 20 minutes of orthostatism. However, there was not a significant association between these variables at 30 minutes of standing. These data indicated that the body position and the time in which blood samples are obtained significantly influence lipid and lipoprotein serum level. Therefore, in any study related to lipids, such variables should be considered and properly controlled.

Efecto de la amiodarona sobre la conversión de tiroxina a triiodotironina en el miocardio de la rata in vivo e in vitro / Effect of amiodarone on the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in rat myocardium

El presente trabajo estudió la conversión de titoxina (T4) a triiodotironina (T3) en el miocardio e hígado de ratas tratadas con la droga antiarrítmica amiodarona. Ratas Wistar de 200 g de peso fueron inyectadas con amiodarona 2,5 mg/100 g de peso, ip, diariamente durante 12 días, o con la droga inhibidora de la deiodinación de T4, el ácido iopanoico (IOP) 5 mg/100 g de peso, ip, cada 12 horas durante 72 horas. Posteriormente, el corazón e hígado de cada animal fueron homogeneizados en buffer Krebs-Ringer fosfato, pH 7,4 (1:4). Alíucotas de 400 micronl de homogenato fueron separadas y se agregó ditiotreitol 8 mM y 10**-2 micronCi de 125I-T3. Para los estudios in vitro de animales no trtados, se agregó a los homogenatos, además, amiodarona 0,1 mM o IOP 10 mM. Los viales se incubaron por 2 horas a 37-C y se hizo cromatografía en alcohol amílico terciario: hexano: amonio (5:1:6). La producción de T3 en el miocardio e hígado de los grupos tratados con amiodarona o IOP descendió significativamente respecto de los controles, mientras que en los estudios in vitro la amiodarona no tuvo efecto sobre la deiodinación de T4 y el IOP bajó significativamente la conversión de T4 a T3. La degradación de T3 no fue alterada por ninguna de las dos drogas en ninguno de los dos tejidos. La amiodarona descendió signifcativamente la tirotrofina y la T3 séricas, mientras que aumentó significativamente la T4 sérica. el IOP tuvo el mismo efecto sobre la T4 y T3, pero aumentó significativamente la TSH circulante. Se concluye que el bloqueo de la producción miocárdica de T3 inducido por la amiodarona no sería el responsable de su acción antiarrítmica

Efecto de la amiodarona sobre la conversión de tiroxina a triiodotironina en el miocardio de la rata in vivo e in vitro / Effect of amiodarone on the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in rat myocardium

El presente trabajo estudió la conversión de titoxina (T4) a triiodotironina (T3) en el miocardio e hígado de ratas tratadas con la droga antiarrítmica amiodarona. Ratas Wistar de 200 g de peso fueron inyectadas con amiodarona 2,5 mg/100 g de peso, ip, diariamente durante 12 días, o con la droga inhibidora de la deiodinación de T4, el ácido iopanoico (IOP) 5 mg/100 g de peso, ip, cada 12 horas durante 72 horas. Posteriormente, el corazón e hígado de cada animal fueron homogeneizados en buffer Krebs-Ringer fosfato, pH 7,4 (1:4). Alíucotas de 400 micronl de homogenato fueron separadas y se agregó ditiotreitol 8 mM y 10**-2 micronCi de 125I-T3. Para los estudios in vitro de animales no trtados, se agregó a los homogenatos, además, amiodarona 0,1 mM o IOP 10 mM. Los viales se incubaron por 2 horas a 37-C y se hizo cromatografía en alcohol amílico terciario: hexano: amonio (5:1:6). La producción de T3 en el miocardio e hígado de los grupos tratados con amiodarona o IOP descendió significativamente respecto de los controles, mientras que en los estudios in vitro la amiodarona no tuvo efecto sobre la deiodinación de T4 y el IOP bajó significativamente la conversión de T4 a T3. La degradación de T3 no fue alterada por ninguna de las dos drogas en ninguno de los dos tejidos. La amiodarona descendió signifcativamente la tirotrofina y la T3 séricas, mientras que aumentó significativamente la T4 sérica. el IOP tuvo el mismo efecto sobre la T4 y T3, pero aumentó significativamente la TSH circulante. Se concluye que el bloqueo de la producción miocárdica de T3 inducido por la amiodarona no sería el responsable de su acción antiarrítmica (AU)

[Effects of an aerobic exercise program and diet on body composition and cardiovascular function in obese persons]. / Efectos de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico y dieta sobre la composición corporal y función cardiovascular en obesos.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of aerobic exercise and hypocaloric diet on body composition, cardiovascular function and some cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients. Ten subjects, (8 women 2 men X age 30 years and 138% of ideal body weight) volunteered as participants. The program lasted 12 weeks and consisted of a hypocaloric diet (1257 kcal/day) and 3-5 days/week supervised sessions of aerobic exercise (65-90% maximal heart rate and/or 50-80% of maximal oxygen uptake). The program resulted in a significant mean decrease in body weight of 7.7 kg. for the group (P less than or equal to 0.05). Mean (+/- EE) relative body fat significantly decreased from 35.9 +/- 2 to 31.6 +/- 2%. Interestingly, the decrease in relative body fat was solely accounted for by a significant decrease in fat weight, as body free of fat remained constant. Cardiovascular function as evidenced by oxygen uptake, increased 11.3%. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell significantly from 131/90 +/- 8/9 to 115/76 +/- 2/1 mmHg. Total cholesterol significantly dropped from a mean value of 247 +/- 24 to 183 +/- 20 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.05). Triglycerides significantly decreased from 212 +/- 32 to 45 +/- 10 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that a combination of aerobic exercise and hypocaloric diet can favorably improve body composition, cardiovascular function and cardiovascular risk factors.

Linfoma de fosas nasales. Revision de 62 casos. / Nasal lymphoma. Review of 62 cases

Se presentan 62 casos de linfoma de fosas nasales (LFN) vistos en el Servicio de Hematologia del Hospital General de la Ciudad de Mexico, recopilados en un periodo de 19 anos. Se compara la frecuencia con otros informes de la literatura y cuando se relaciona al numero total de linfomas, definitivamente en nuestro medio es mas alta. Las caracteristicas clinicas y de laboratorio fueron muy similares a lo informado por otros autores; sin embargo en este trabajo llama la atencion la edad de presentacion mas temprana, 42 anos promedio y la mayor frecuencia de presentacion en etapas clinicas avanzadas.Se discute de acuerdo a la histopatologia el predominio de los linfomas de linfocitos poco diferenciados y del histiocitico en relacion con otras variedades.Recibieron tratamiento 47 pacientes, de inicio 83% con radioterapia y 17% con quimioterapia. Se obtuvo remision completa en el 51% de los casos, la sobrevida promedio de este grupo fue de 23 meses considerando un 28% de abandonos.Al momento de presentar este trabajo 4 pacientes estan aun en control con 29, 40, 43 y 121 meses despues del tratamiento. Se hacen algunas consideraciones sobre la intensificacion del tratamiento y la estrecha vigilancia que debe hacerse durante los primeros 12 meses para evitar las recaidas