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1.
Rev Neurol ; 77(s01): S13-S16, 2023 07 28.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37477029

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Narcolepsy type 1 is a focal degenerative disease of the hypothalamus that selectively affects orexin (hypocretin)-producing neurons. It presents multiple clinical manifestations, both in wakefulness and in sleep. The symptoms are often so disruptive that they cause enormous suffering and impair patients' quality of life. Although a non-pharmacological approach is sometimes sufficient, the vast majority of patients need medication for adequate clinical management. CASE REPORT: A male who, at 43 years of age, began to present acutely with excessive daytime sleepiness and episodes of cataplexy. After a thorough examination, he was diagnosed with narcolepsy type 1. Throughout the course of the disease, he was prescribed antidepressants, neurostimulants and sodium oxybate, in monotherapy or in combination. The response to pharmacological treatment was insufficient and accompanied by numerous side effects. Following the introduction of pitolisant, there was a marked improvement in his symptoms and a reduction in the dose of the other drugs and their adverse effects was achieved. CONCLUSION: A number of measures are now available to address the cardinal symptoms of the disease, although there are still cases that are resistant to anti-narcoleptic treatment. Drugs with mechanisms of action that act upon receptors in the histaminergic system can be very useful in these cases.


TITLE: Narcolepsia multirresistente.Introducción. La narcolepsia de tipo 1 es una enfermedad degenerativa focal del hipotálamo que afecta selectivamente a las neuronas productoras de orexina (hipocretina). Presenta múltiples manifestaciones clínicas, tanto en vigilia como en sueño. Con frecuencia, los síntomas son tan disruptivos que ocasionan enorme sufrimiento y deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Aunque en ocasiones es suficiente con un abordaje no farmacológico, la gran mayoría de los enfermos necesita medicación para un adecuado control clínico. Caso clínico. Varón que a los 43 años comenzó a presentar de forma aguda excesiva somnolencia diurna y episodios de cataplejía. Tras un exhaustivo estudio se le diagnosticó narcolepsia de tipo 1. A lo largo de la evolución de la enfermedad se le prescribieron antidepresivos, neuroestimulantes y oxibato sódico, en monoterapia o en combinación. La respuesta al tratamiento farmacológico fue insuficiente y se acompañó de numerosos efectos secundarios. Tras la introducción de pitolisant se objetivó una franca mejoría de los síntomas, y se consiguió reducir la dosis de los otros fármacos y de sus efectos adversos. Conclusión. Son numerosas las medidas disponibles en la actualidad para abordar los síntomas cardinales de la enfermedad, aunque siguen existiendo casos resistentes al tratamiento antinarcoléptico. Los fármacos con mecanismos de acción sobre receptores del sistema histaminérgico pueden resultar de gran utilidad en estos casos.


Assuntos
Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Narcolepsia , Humanos , Masculino , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Cataplexia/complicações , Cataplexia/tratamento farmacológico , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/uso terapêutico , Narcolepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Narcolepsia/complicações , Qualidade de Vida , Oxibato de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Sonolência
2.
Rev Clin Esp ; 206(9): 428-34, 2006 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17042984

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a quality improvement intervention on professionals sanitary in blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. METHODS: Quality improvement trials with cuasi-experimental design. Two primary care health centres. One centre was assigned intervention group (7 family doctors and 419 patients) and the other was control group (7 family doctors and 419 patients). The quality improvement intervention consisted of a combined program comprising audit, feedback, training sessions about main hypertension clinical guidelines during 6 months. The main measurement were blood pressure, lipid levels, diabetes, smoking and body index mass, antihypertensive drugs and record treatment adherence and therapeutic plan in march 2002 the baseline measurement and march 2004 the post intervention. RESULTS: In study group blood pressure systolic and diastolic decreased 8.16/3.71 mmHg and control group increased 1.56/0.13 mmHg, respectively. The intervention effect was a drop of 9.72 mmHg (IC 95%: 7.50-11.94) and diastolic blood pressure in 3.84 mmHg (IC 95%: 2.40-5.28). The rate of hypertensive patients with blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg increased from 37.5% to 68.8% in study group, without changes in control group (p < 0.05). The drugs and combination drugs prescribed increased in both group, while the records of therapeutics plans and adherence increased only in intervention group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The quality improvement intervention was associated to a systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction and a increase of rate patients with blood pressure controlled.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Determinação da Pressão Arterial , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Cooperação do Paciente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Espanha/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 23(4): 111-117, may. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-046376

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos. Evaluar concordancias y discrepancias en la estimación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes hipertensos con las escalas Framingham-Grundy, REGICOR y SCORE. Pacientes y métodos. Diseño: estudio descriptivo transversal. Sujetos: 453 pacientes hipertensos de 30 a 74 años (60,5 % mujeres) seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio en dos centros de salud. Edad media: 63,69 años. Mediciones: edad, sexo, presión arterial, glucemia, lípidos, tabaquismo y riesgo cardiovascular calculado con las escalas Framingham-Grundy y REGICOR para estimar el riesgo coronario en 10 años, y SCORE para estimar el riesgo de muerte cardiovascular en 10 años. Resultados. Framingham: riesgo coronario medio, 14,26 % (IC95 %: 13,45 ÷ 15,07); varones, 18,16 %, y mujeres, 11,72 % (p < 0,05). REGICOR: riesgo coronario medio, 4,96 % (IC95 %: 4,67 ÷ 5,26); varones, 5,88 %, y mujeres, 4,36 % (p < 0,05). SCORE: riesgo de muerte cardiovascular, 2,94 % (IC95 %: 2,64-3,24); varones, 4,01 %, y mujeres, 2,24 % (p < 0,05). Hay correlación positiva intensa, entre 0,80 y 0,85 (p < 0,01), al comparar las tres escalas. Presentan riesgo cardiovascu lar alto-muy alto el 22,5 % con Framingham, el 0,7 % con REGICOR y el 17 % con SCORE (p < 0,05). La concordancia estimada con el Índice Kappa fue: Framingham y REGICOR, 0,045; Framingham y SCORE, 0,619, y SCORE y REGI COR, 0,063. Conclusiones. Encontramos una correlación positiva intensa entre las tres escalas, aunque la ecuación de REGICOR estima un riesgo cardiovascular entre dos y tres veces inferior a las otras dos. Sin embargo, hay importantes discrepancias a la hora de clasificar a los pacientes según niveles de riesgo, especialmente entre la ecuación de REGICOR con Framingham-Grundy y SCORE


Introduction and objectives. To evaluate agreements and disagreements in cardiovascular risk estimation in hypertensive patients with Framingham-Grundy, REGICOR and SCORE scales. Patients and methods. Design: cross-sectional descriptive study. Subjects: 453 hypertensive patients, aged 30-74 years (60.5 % women) selected by random sampling in two health centres. Mean age was 63.69 years. Measurements: age, sex, blood pressure, glycaemia, lipids, smokers and cardiovascular risk calculated with Framingham-Grundy and REGICOR scales to estimate coronary risk in 10 years, and SCORE to estimate cardiovascular mortality risk in 10 years. Results. Framingham: mean coronary risk, 14.26 % (IC95 %: 13.45 ÷ 15.07); men, 18.16 %, and women, 11.72 % (p < 0.05). REGICOR: mean coronary risk, 4.96 % (IC95 %: 4.67 ÷ 5.26); men, 5.88 %, and women, 4.36 % (p < 0.05). SCORE: mean cardiovascular mortality risk, 2.94 % (IC95 %: 2.64-3.24); men, 4.01 %, and women, 2.24 % (p < 0.05). There is strong positive correlation, between 0.80 and 0,85 (p < 0.01), when we compare the three scales. The proportion of high and very high-risk patients was 22.5 % with Framingham, 0.7 % with REGICOR and 17 % with SCORE (p < 0.05). The agreement considered with Kappa index was: Framingham and REGICOR, 0.045; Framingham and SCORE, 0.619, and SCORE and REGICOR, 0.063. Conclusions. We found strong positive correlation between the three scales, although cardiovascular risk estimate with REGICOR is between two and three times lower than other two. Nevertheless, there are important disagreements when we classified the patients according levels risk, especially between REGICOR with Framingham-Grundy and SCORE


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Risco Ajustado/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/complicações , Prognóstico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Fatores de Risco , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Risco Atribuível
4.
Aten Primaria ; 31(6): 361-5, 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12716570

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To find how many diabetics should receive anti-aggregant treatment according to the recommendations made since 2001 by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), how many cardiovascular events could be avoided by 100 mg daily of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and the cost per event avoided by this measure. DESIGN: Transversal, descriptive, multi-centre study. SETTING. Primary care. 8 clinics in 5 health districts (3 rural, 1 semi-urban, 4 urban) in the León area. PARTICIPANTS. Diabetics aged 14 or over diagnosed through the ADA criteria since 1997. MAIN MEASUREMENTS. Audit of clinical records, collecting age and sex, the presence of the criteria of the ADA for anti-aggregation, the existence of established cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the anti-aggregant treatment patients receive. RESULTS. 544 diabetics. 97.2% (95% CI, 95.8%-98.6%) comply with anti-aggregation criteria. 101 had established CVD (18.6%; CI, 15.3%-21.9%); 77.2% received anti-aggregants (CI, 73.7%-80.7%).428 had no CVD and did have anti-aggregation criteria (78.7%; CI, 75.3%-82.1%); 9.3% (CI, 6.9%-11.7%) received treatment. CONCLUSIONS. There was basically little follow-up of the ADA anti-aggregation recommendations in primary prevention. Treatment of our diabetics with 100 mg/day of ASA would avoid 7.64 cardiovascular events in five years (CI, 5.56-9.72). The cost per cardiovascular event avoided was 6,625.37 euros (CI, 4821.60-8429.14 euros).


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Prevenção Primária , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Mellitus , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde
5.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 31(6): 361-365, abr. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-29608

RESUMO

Objetivo. Conocer cuántos diabéticos deberían recibir tratamiento antiagregante según las recomendaciones que desde 2001 hace la American Diabetes Association (ADA), cuántos episodios cardiovasculares podrían evitarse con 100 mg diarios de ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) y cuál sería el coste por episodio evitado con esta medida. Diseño. Estudio multicéntrico descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria: 8 consultas de 5 zonas básicas de salud (3 rurales, una semiurbana, 4 urbanas) del área de León. Participantes. Pacientes diabéticos de 14 o más años diagnosticados con los criterios de la ADA de 1997.Mediciones principales. Auditoría de historias clínicas en la que se recogieron los siguientes datos: edad y sexo, presencia de aquellos criterios a los que hace referencia la ADA para antiagregación, existencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) establecida y tratamiento antiagregante que reciben los pacientes. Resultados. Un total de 544 pacientes diabéticos (97,2 por ciento; IC del 95 por ciento, 95,8-98,6) cumplen criterios de antiagregación. Un total de 101 pacientes tienen una ECV establecida (18,6 por ciento; IC del 95 por ciento, 15,3-21,9); reciben antiagregantes el 77,2 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 73,7-80,7).Un total de 428 pacientes no presentan ECV y sí criterios de antiagregación (78,7 por ciento; IC del 95 por ciento, 75,3-82,1); el 9,3 por ciento (IC del 95 por ciento, 6,9-11,7) recibe tratamiento. Conclusiones. Escaso seguimiento de las recomendaciones de antiagregación de la ADA, fundamentalmente en prevención primaria. Tratando a nuestros diabéticos con 100 mg/día de AAS se evitarían 7,64 episodios cardiovasculares en 5 años (IC del 95 por ciento, 5,56-9,72).El coste por episodio cardiovascular evitado es de 6.625,37 (IC del 95 por ciento, 4.821,608.429,14) (AU)


Assuntos
Sistemas de Informação Administrativa , Sistemas de Informação Administrativa , Espanha , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Pesquisa , Atenção Primária à Saúde
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