Attitudes and knowledge of myopia management by Spanish optometrists.

PURPOSE: To investigate the knowledge, training and clinical practice of Spanish optometrists about preventing and controlling myopia progression. METHODS: A web-based questionnaire was distributed to Spanish optometrists through social networks, optometric professional bodies and one of the major Spanish optometrists' associations to assess practitioner perception, understanding, and self-reported clinical practice behavior related to myopia diagnosis and management. RESULTS: A total of 534 optometrists with a mean age of 40.8 ± 10.3 years completed the survey. Most respondents have been practicing optometry for more than 20 years (89.8%), report having actively treated childhood myopia (82.4%), and are very concerned about the increasing frequency of pediatric myopia in their daily practice (85.3%). Almost all of the respondents (97.3%) agreed that the efficacy of treatment is related to the age at which it is prescribed, and more than half (53.6%) considered a progression higher than - 0.50 and up to - 1.00D as the minimum necessary to consider a myopia management option. Respondents who reported actively managing childhood myopia considered orthokeratology, atropine and soft-defocus contact lenses the most effective myopia control interventions. However, the most frequently prescribed form of myopia correction by Spanish optometrists was single-vision spectacles, followed by orthokeratology and soft-defocus contact lenses. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish optometrists are very active in the management of myopia, especially by fitting orthokeratology lenses or dual-focus soft contact lenses for myopia control, but there is still potential for improvement in the methodology they follow for both the diagnosis and management of myopia.

A Program for the Comprehensive Cognitive Training of Excess Weight (TRAINEP): The Study Protocol for A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The available treatments for people with excess weight have shown small effects. Cognitive training has shown promising results, but most of the research focused on normal-weight university students and reported immediate results after a single training session. This parallel group, randomized, controlled trial aims to study the efficacy of a program for the comprehensive cognitive treatment of excess weight. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Participants will be 150 people with excess weight recruited through social media, who will be randomized into three groups: cognitive intervention, sham cognitive intervention, and treatment as usual. All assessment and intervention sessions will be online in groups of 5-6 participants. The three groups will attend a motivational interviewing session, and they will receive individualized diet and physical exercise guidelines throughout the program. The cognitive training will consist of four weekly sessions of approximately 60-90 min, each based on approach-avoidance bias training, inhibitory control training, implementation of intentions, and episodic future thinking, respectively. The main outcome measure will be a change in Body Mass Index (kg/m2). Secondary outcomes include changes in cognitive measures, eating and physical exercise behaviors, and anthropometric measures. Assessments will be conducted up to 6 months after the end of the program. In addition, data on the use of the health system will be collected to analyze the cost-effectiveness and the cost-utility of training. Linear mixed models will be used for statistical analysis. Findings of this study will expand the available evidence on cognitive interventions to reduce excess weight.

Diseño del sistema de habilidades intelectuales en la asignatura Bioquímica I del primer año de la carrera de medicina

El proceso de formación de las habilidades como formas de asimilación de la actividad constituye uno de los problemas más importantes en el quehacer pedagógico contemporáneo en todos los niveles educacionales, pero principalmente en la Educación Superior por ser el subsistema donde se forman los egresados que deben aplicar creadoramente la información científica en la solución de los problemas que le presente la sociedad. El presente trabajo hace un diagnóstico sobre si se forman y desarrollan habilidades en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la asignatura Bioquímica I, así como cuáles habilidades deben desarrollarse a través de dicha asignatura. Se utilizaron métodos empíricos como entrevistas a profesores. Las conclusiones derivadas de la investigación son: En la enseñanza de la asignatura no se desarrollan adecuadamente las habilidades intelectuales, este proceso se hace de forma empírica; el sistema de habilidades que se propone desarrollar es: describir, determinar lo esencial, definir, clasificar, analizar, caracterizar, comparar, relacionar, interpretar, explicar y argumentar.

The process of the creation of skills as ways of assimilation of an activity is one of the most important problems in the contemporary educational work at all educational levels, but mainly in Higher Education since this is the sub-system that forms those graduates who should creatively apply the scientific information to solve the problems of the society. This paper makes a diagnosis on the formation and development of skills in the teaching-learning process of Biochemistry I as well as on the abilities that should be developed through this subject. Empirical methods such as interviews with professors were used. The outcome of the research studies was: the teaching of this subject at present does not adequately create intellectual skills since this process is carried out in an empirical way; the suggested system of skills to be created comprises the following abilities: to describe, determine the fundamental things, define, classify, analyze, characterize, compare, relate, construe, explain and substantiate.

Estudio de las modificaciones de las hormonas corticosuprarrenales en el período de convalencia del infarto de miocardio / Study of the modifications of adrenocortical hormones during convalence period of myocardial infarction

Se estudian las concentraciones de cortisol y aldosterona en 22 pacientes de infarto del miocardio por el método de radioinmunoensayo [in vitro], con hormonas marcadas con I125. Se realizaron determinaciones en los meses 1ro, 2do, 3ro y 12mo de ocurrido el mismo, así como a un grupo control. Se señala que las concentraciones de cortisol que estaban elevadas al final del período agudo, disminuyeron en el 2do mes para luego aumentar de nuevo a fines del 3ro. Se plantea que al año las cifras eran similares a las del grupo control. Se informa que la aldosterona, que se elevó en el período agudo, tiende a disminuir en el 2do mes para luego aumentar en el 3ro. Se indica que las cifras al año eran ligeramente superiores al grupo control. Se discuten y comparan los resultados obtenidos con los encontrados en la bibliografía

Estudio de las modificaciones de las hormonas corticosuprarrenales en el período de convalencia del infarto de miocardio / Study of the odifications of adrenocortical hormones during convalence period of myocardial infarction

Se estudian las concentraciones de cortisol y aldosterona en 22 pacientes de infarto del miocardio por el método de radioinmunoensayo [in vitro], con hormonas marcadas con I125. Se realizaron determinaciones en los meses 1ro, 2do, 3ro y 12mo de ocurrido el mismo, así como a un grupo control. Se señala que las concentraciones de cortisol que estaban elevadas al final del período agudo, disminuyeron en el 2do mes para luego aumentar de nuevo a fines del 3ro. Se plantea que al año las cifras eran similares a las del grupo control. Se informa que la aldosterona, que se elevó en el período agudo, tiende a disminuir en el 2do mes para luego aumentar en el 3ro. Se indica que las cifras al año eran ligeramente superiores al grupo control. Se discuten y comparan los resultados obtenidos con los encontrados en la bibliografía (AU)