Exploring Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

(1) Background: Emerging adulthood, from the age of 18 to 29 years, is a crucial phase for individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, as it affects their Health-Related Quality of Life. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzes the influence of the Mediterranean diet, Diabetes duration, Hemoglobin A1c, and sleep disorders on Health-Relate Quality of Life in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. In this study, conducted in Andalusia, Spain, 362 emerging adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus completed the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire, the Adaptation of Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener, and the Vida con Diabetes Tipo 1 (ViDa1) Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire between October 2021 and July 2022. Pearson correlation coefficients and a multiple regression analysis were conducted for each Health-Related Quality of Life in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus dimension (Interference with Life, Well-being, Self-care, and Concern about the Condition) for overall sample and separately for males and females. (3) Results: Different and significant correlations are found among factors such as Age, Body Mass Index, Currently being a student, Hemoglobin A1c, Sleep satisfaction, Insomnia, Hypersomnolence, and Adherence to Mediterranean diet. Notably, Insomnia is a main predictor for Interference with Life, Well-being, and Concern about the Condition, especially for females. (4) Conclusions: Insomnia is the main predictor of Health-Related Quality of Life in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Andalusian emerging adults with this condition. Consequently, a regular assessment of sleep and Health-Related Quality of Life from a gender perspective in this age group is crucial.

Perceptions of Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on How the Condition Influences Sleep Quality: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Emerging adulthood is a phase characterized by exploration which potentially affecting sleep quality. While many emerging adults are healthy, the effects of chronic diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) on sleep may be underestimated. Considering the frequency of nocturnal glycemic alterations that cause awakenings, this study explored the perceptions of emerging adults in Andalusia on the influence of T1DM on their sleep quality. Methods: A qualitative approach was used for this study. Purposive sampling through diabetes associations was initially utilized, supplemented by snowball sampling, in order to conduct semistructured interviews with 73 emerging adults (aged 18-29) diagnosed with T1DM, to explore their perceptions of the influence of T1DM on sleep quality. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used for data analysis. Results: Sleep disruptions caused by overnight hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were identified as significant factors. However, 62% of participants did not perceive the influence of diabetes on their sleep quality, despite experiencing frequent overnight glycemic alterations (reported by 40.9%). Conclusions: Perception of the impact of T1DM on sleep quality does not always align with the frequency of disruptions. Nonetheless, promoting healthy sleep and systematically assessing sleep quality can benefit both sleep and glycemic outcomes, regardless of individual perceptions.

Radical cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of peritoneal sarcomatosis: Results from a reference center and considerations based on current evidence.

INTRODUCTION: Peritoneal sarcomatosis is a rare disease, with multiple histological origins and poor overall prognosis. The option of radical cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is controversial. The results of a surgical team experienced in these procedures are analyzed and discussed based on the available evidence. METHODS: Study on a prospective database of patients with peritoneal sarcomatosis who underwent CRS and HIPEC, from 2016 to 2022, in a national reference center for sarcomas and peritoneal oncological surgery, who met the established inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS: 23 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 53 years (6-68). Recurrent/persistent clinical presentation predominated (78.3%). Visceral origin (including GIST and non-GIST peritoneal) accounted for 47.8% of patients, compared to 43.5% uterine and 8.7% retroperitoneal. The median PCI was 17 (3-36), with CC0 cytoreduction of 87%. Postoperative morbidity (Dindo Clavien III-IV) of 13%, with no postoperative mortality in the series. Overall survival and disease-free survival at 5 years were 64% and 34%, respectively. Histological grade was the most influential prognostic factor for survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the series, with low morbidity, support the benefit of radical peritoneal oncological surgery in patients with peritoneal sarcomatosis after adequate selection, as long as it is performed in high-volume centers, experienced surgeons and expert multidisciplinary teams. However, the role of HIPEC remains to be demonstrated and pending future studies.

Stress, mental health, and protective factors in nursing students: An observational study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing students suffer high levels of stress, especially in the first year. OBJECTIVES: to compare academic stress at the beginning and end of nursing studies; to analyse the relationships between academic stress, mental health, and protective factors; and to examine whether resilience mitigates the effect of academic stress on psychological well-being. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Sample was 370 first- and fourth-year nursing students from Spain (University of Castilla-La Mancha, University of Cantabria, and University of Sevilla). VARIABLES AND DATA COLLECTION: We assessed academic and clinical stress, coping skills, anxiety, depression, psychological well-being, and resilience were measured. DATA ANALYSIS: We performed a descriptive analysis of the study sample, as well as correlation and hierarchical regression models. Additionally, mediation models were estimated. RESULTS: First-year students presented higher academic stress than fourth-year students. Clinical stress, anxiety, depression, and emotional coping predicted academic stress, while academic stress, depression, and coping skills predicted psychological well-being. Mediation models showed a significant path between academic stress, resilience, depression, and psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: Academic stress has a detrimental effect on the mental health. Coping strategies and resilience may be protective factors that should be encouraged in interventions designed to improve psychological well-being.

Lifestyle in Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Emerging adulthood is a transitional stage with significant lifestyle changes, making it especially challenging for those living with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This systematic review synthesizes qualitative research to explore how emerging adulthood (18-29 years) influences lifestyle behaviors in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Global Health, Nursing & Allied Health Premium, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and WOS were searched for original qualitative studies addressing the lifestyle of 18-31-year-olds with type 1 diabetes mellitus, published between January 2010 and March 2021 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were categorized into eight topics (emotions and feelings, nutrition, perceptions, risky behaviors, self-care, sleep, social relationships, and stigma) using meta-aggregation, as outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The spontaneity characteristic of emerging adulthood can undermine self-care. This is because new environments, schedules, and relationships encountered during this life stage often lead to the neglect of diabetes management, owing to the various social, academic, and occupational demands. This review highlights the necessity of creating health promotion strategies tailored to the unique lifestyle aspects of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Preparation and evaluation of (R)-(-)-carvone-doped polymeric resins as potential antibacterial dental materials.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and evaluate resin-based antibacterial materials incorporating carvone for restorative dentistry. The objectives included assessing antimicrobial activity, conversion degree, mechanical properties, hydrolytic and hygroscopic behavior, cytotoxicity, among others. METHODOLOGY: Carvone was incorporated into resin-based materials following established protocols. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against S. Aureus. Conversion degree, polimerization kinetics, mechanical properties, hydrolytic and hygroscopic behavior, cytotoxicity, and other properties were assessed using standardized tests and methodologies. RESULTS: Carvone-incorporated materials demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity, minimal changes in conversion degree, comparable mechanical properties, improved hydrolytic and hygroscopic behavior, and lack of cytotoxicity. Antimicrobial resins were obtained due to the hydrophobic nature of carvone and its ability to diffuse through the cell walls of microorganisms, causing membrane damage. The polymerization process yielded successful conversion, ensuring adequate material performance. SIGNIFICANCE: This study showcases that incorporating carvone into methacrylate-based resins can confer antimicrobial properties while preserving key material attributes. Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus is achieved without cytotoxicity in human fibroblasts. While flexural properties are affected only at carvone concentrations exceeding 9%, conversion degree and polymerization kinetics remain stable, except for a specific experimental formulation. These findings highlight the balanced integration of carvone. However, further work, including assessing antimicrobial performance against specific strains like S. Mutans and/or C. Albicans, and evaluating long-term effectiveness, is essential to establish the potential of these materials for dental restorations.

Effect of a Podiatric Health Education Intervention on the Level of Self-care in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of a podiatric health education activity on foot self-care and the degree of foot-related disability in a group of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the province of Seville. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. METHODS: Twenty-nine people with DM participated. The intervention was a podiatric health education activity consisting of a 1-hour informative talk. Foot pain-related disability was measured using the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index. The degree of foot self-care was measured with the University of Malaga Foot Self-care questionnaire. RESULTS: One month after the intervention, both parameters had improved significantly. The mean score on the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index increased from 59.96 (SD, 8.69) at baseline to 67.39 (SD, 6.99) at 1 month, and the mean score on the University of Malaga Foot Self-care questionnaire improved from 11.65 (SD, 20.07) at baseline to 4.52 (SD, 5.47) after 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic education increases the level of self-care and decreases the degree of foot-related disability in people with DM.

Resultados obtenidos tras el tratamiento quirúrgico de los pacientes con metástasis hepáticas de sarcomas / Surgical and oncological results after surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with sarcoma liver metastases

Introducción: La presencia de metástasis hepáticas en pacientes con sarcomas se asocia a peor pronóstico, aunque en casos seleccionados la resección de dichas metástasis se ha propuesto para aumentar la supervivencia. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la evolución postoperatoria y los resultados oncológicos tras la resección hepática. Métodos: Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico. Se incluyen pacientes diagnosticados de metástasis hepáticas de sarcoma intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre 2003-2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron la presencia de enfermedad resecable, la presencia de enfermedad extrahepática controlada no se consideró criterio de irresecabilidad. Resultados: Diecinueve pacientes se sometieron a resección hepática de 7 tipos distintos de estirpes sarcomatosas. La mediana de edad fue de 58 años. Las metástasis se diagnosticaron 25 meses de mediana tras el primario, 6 (32%) presentaron lesiones sincrónicas y 12 (63%) estaban afectos de enfermedad extrahepática. Se realizó hepatectomía mayor en 5 (26%) pacientes; se describieron 8 (42%) complicaciones menores. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 33 meses. El análisis de supervivencia se realizó estratificando en 2 grupos, la supervivencia fue del 100%, 85,7% y del 42,9% al año, a los 3 años y a los 5 años, en los no-GIST, y del 100% y del 40% a los 5 y 10 años en los GIST. Conclusiones: El abordaje quirúrgico de las metástasis hepáticas de sarcoma parece aumentar la supervivencia en pacientes seleccionados, asociando pocas complicaciones. En nuestra serie, la tasa de enfermedad extrahepática es elevada en comparación con series previas, no obstante la supervivencia es equiparable. Dichos resultados apoyan la resección hepática en pacientes con enfermedad extrahepática estable. (AU)

Introduction: The presence of liver metastases in sarcomatous tumors is associated with poor prognosis. However, in selected patients, surgical resection has been suggested as a tool to improve survival rates. The aim of our study is to describe postoperative and oncological outcomes after liver resection. Methods: A retrospective unicentric study was conducted including patients diagnosed with hepatic metastases from soft tissue sarcoma who underwent hepatic resection between 2003 and 2019. The inclusion criteria were the presence of resectable disease, including synchronic and metachronic lesions. The presence of extra-hepatic controlled disease was not considered unresectable. Results: Nineteen patients underwent liver resection for liver metastasis of 7 different sarcomatous subtypes. Median age was 58-yo. Liver metastases were diagnosed a median 25 months after primary tumor diagnosis. Six patients (32%) suffered of synchronic metastases and 12 (63%) were affected of extrahepatic disease. Major hepatectomy was done in 5 (26%) patients, 8 (42%) minor complications were described. Median follow-up was 33 months. Survival analysis was performed independently for, GIST tumors and non-GIST sarcomas. One, three and five-year survival rate was 100%, 85.7% and 42.9% in non-GIST sarcomas, while five and ten-year survival rate was 100% and 40% in GIST, respectively. Conclusions: Surgical approach of liver metastases of sarcomatous tumors seems to be useful in order to improve survival in selected patients, while associated to be of low complications rate. In our cohort, extrahepatic disease rate is high in comparison with series published before, nevertheless survival is comparable. These results support performing surgical resection in selected patients with stable extrahepatic disease. (AU)

Surgical and oncological results after surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with sarcoma liver metastases.

INTRODUCTION: The presence of liver metastases in sarcomatous tumors is associated with poor prognosis. However, in selected patients, surgical resection has been suggested as a tool to improve survival rates. The aim of our study is to describe postoperative and oncological outcomes after liver resection. METHODS: A retrospective unicentric study was conducted including patients diagnosed with hepatic metastases from soft tissue sarcoma who underwent hepatic resection between 2003-2019. The inclusion criteria were the presence of resectable disease, including synchronic and metachronic lesions. The presence of extra-hepatic controlled disease was not considered unresectable. RESULTS: Nineteen patients underwent liver resection for liver metastasis of 7 different sarcomatous subtypes. Median age was 58-years. Liver metastases were diagnosed a median 25 months after primary tumor diagnosis. Six patients (32%) suffered of synchronic metastases and 12 (63%) were affected of extrahepatic disease. Major hepatectomy was done in 5 (26 %) patients, 8 (42%) minor complications were described. Median follow-up was 33 months. Survival analysis was performed independently for, GIST tumors and non-GIST sarcomas. One, three and five-year survival rate was 100%, 85.7% and 42.9% in non-GIST sarcomas, while Five and ten-year survival rate was 100% and 40% in GIST, respectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical approach of liver metastases of sarcomatous tumors seems to be useful in order to improve survival in selected patients, while been associated to low complications rate. In our cohort, extrahepatic disease rate is high in comparison with series published before, nevertheless survival is comparable. These results support performing surgical resection in selected patients with stable extrahepatic disease.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants on Health-Related Quality of Life in Emerging Andalusian Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: Having type 1 diabetes during emerging adulthood can impact quality of life due to the challenge of balancing optimal glycemic blood levels with a period of transition and exploration. The purpose of this study was to characterize the quality of life of emerging adults aged 18 to 29 years with type 1 diabetes and to determine the associations between dimensions of Health-Related Quality of Life in type 1 diabetes and sociodemographic and diabetes-related variables. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Andalusia, Spain, from October 2021 to July 2022. A total of 362 emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (67.4% women, mean age 22.8 ± 3.4 years) participated. Data were gathered via sociodemographic information form and the ViDa1 scale. Statistical evaluations, encompassing descriptive analyses, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and logistic regression, were conducted using SPSSv26, adhering to STROBE guidelines. (3) Results: Among the participants, 52.1% have a glycosylated hemoglobin level over 7%. Interference with Life is correlated with sex, age, and age at diagnosis, with age being the only predictor. Self-Care is correlated with and predicted by glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Well-being is correlated with and predicted by sex, Body Mass Index, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Concern about the Condition is correlated with and predicted by sex and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. (4) Conclusions: Despite concerns about their disease, participants generally maintain optimal levels of Health-Related Quality of Life in type 1 diabetes. Predictive factors for Health-Related Quality of Life in type 1 diabetes in this group include sex, age, Body Mass Index, and glycosylated hemoglobin.

COVID-19 Infection among Nursing Students in Spain: The Risk Perception, Perceived Risk Factors, Coping Style, Preventive Knowledge of the Disease and Sense of Coherence as Psychological Predictor Variables: A Cross Sectional Survey.

The exploration of patterns of health beliefs about COVID-19 among nursing students may be beneficial to identify behaviors, attitudes and knowledge about contagion risk. We sought to analyze the variables of risk perception, perceived risk factors, coping style, sense of coherence and knowledge of preventive measures as possible predictors of having suffered from COVID-19. Participants were nursing students from 13 universities in Spain. Sociodemographic and health variables were collected. To test the independent variables, the Perception Risk Coping Knowledge (PRCK-COVID-19) scale was created and validated because there was no specific survey for young people adapted to the pandemic situation of COVID-19. It was validated with adequate psychometric properties. A total of 1562 students (87.5% female, mean age 21.5 ± 5.7 years) responded. The high perception of the risk of contagion, the high level of knowledge and a coping style focused on the situation were notable. Significant differences by gender were found in the coping styles, problem-focused, avoidance and knowledge scales, with women scoring higher in all categories. The multiple regression analysis was significant (F = 3.68; p < 0.001). The predictor variables were the coping styles subscale search for support and the intrinsic and extrinsic perceived risk factors. Our model predicts that nursing students with a social support-based coping style are at a higher risk of becoming infected with COVID-19, based on their own health belief model.

Design and Validation of a Questionnaire on Risk Perception, Coping Behaviors and Preventive Knowledge against COVID-19 among Nursing Students.

As shown in the previous literature, in view of the future responsibilities of nursing professionals and the consequences for healthcare, it is of great interest to examine their risk perceptions, coping behaviors, and sense of coherency during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to design and to validate a specific questionnaire that evaluates the factors relating to perceived risk, coping behaviors, and preventive knowledge against COVID-19 infection among nursing students from Spain. This is a psychometric study of a questionnaire's design and its validation in 1562 nursing students at 16 undergraduate nursing institutions in Spain. An ad-hoc survey was designed by a panel of six experts drawing from the literature. After a trial test, the questionnaire was formed with four scales (perception, risk, coping, and knowledge of preventive practices for COVID-19), with a total of 69 items. The final questionnaire was composed of 52 items grouped into four scales, with good psychometric properties to measure risk perception (Cronbach's alpha 0.735), factors related to perceived risk (Cronbach's alpha 0.653), coping behaviors (Cronbach's alpha 0.80), and knowledge of preventive practices against COVID-19 (Cronbach's alpha 0.77). This questionnaire, specifically designed and validated for nursing students, is the first to address four important areas in the development of preventive measures against COVID-19.

Photopolymerizable dental composite resins with lower shrinkage stress and improved hydrolytic and hygroscopic behavior with a urethane monomer used as an additive.

This work reports the synthesis of a monomer 2-((2-(3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)carbamoyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate (MVTPM) and the evaluation of its performance as an additive in the formulation of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA based composite resins. Experimental composite resins formulated with the MVTPM monomer were compared with a control reference. Double bond conversion, polymerization kinetics, shrinkage and associated stress, sorption, and aqueous solubility, cell viability, as well as mechanical properties were evaluated according to international measurements standards. The experimental composite resins show comparable mechanical properties with the control reference and improvements in other properties, such as better hydrolytic and hygroscopic behavior and lower shrinkage stress, are reported. This makes MVTPM monomer potentially useful in the formulation of dental composite resins.

Avances en tumores del estroma gastrointestinal: ¿hacia dónde vamos?

Gastrointestinal Stromal Sarcomas (GIST) are mesenchymal neoplasms whose incidence accounts for 1-2% of digestive tumors, being located in the stomach (55-60%) and small intestine (30%). The advances in its knowledge and management succeeded in the last years have being spectacular. This review aims to summarize the most important of them for surgeons. We identified four areas of interest: molecular oncology, laparoscopic approach, management of GIST located at unusual locations, and management of advanced GIST. Advances in the field of molecular oncology lead to the discovery of new oncogenic mutations making the term Wil Type GIST obsolete. Moreover, these advances allow for the development of 2 new drugs: Avapritinib and Ripretinib, that added to the previous 3 commercially available drugs (imatinib, sunitinib and regorafenib) make possible the management of GIST with resistant mutations. The principles of the surgical management of primary GIST are well stablished which laparoscopic approach must accomplish. This approach is limited by 2 main factors: location and size. The diagnosis of GIST in unusual locations as esophagus, duodenum, rectum of out of the gastrointestinal tract (EGIST), implies an extraordinary therapeutic challenge, being imperative to manage them by surgeons and oncologist among others in the setting of a multidisciplinary team. The management of advanced/metastatic GIST has changed in a revolutionary fashion because surgery is now part of its treatment as adjuvant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST) suponen el 1-2% de los tumores digestivos, siendo su localización más frecuente el estómago (55-60%) y el intestino delgado (30%). Los avances más importantes sucedidos en los últimos años se centran en cuatro áreas: biología molecular, abordaje quirúrgico laparoscópico, manejo técnico del GIST en localizaciones inusuales y tratamiento e integración de la cirugía en el manejo del GIST avanzado. Los avances en el conocimiento de la biología molecular del GIST han dado lugar a la progresiva identificación de nueva mutaciones oncogénicas que hacen del concepto wild type obsoleto. Estos avances han permitido el desarrollo de dos nuevos fármacos, avapritinib y ripretinib, lo que permite el tratamiento de pacientes con mutaciones resistentes a las tres líneas terapéuticas clásicas. El tratamiento quirúrgico del GIST se rige por unos principios técnicos bien establecidos que el abordaje laparoscópico debe cumplir, abordaje que queda limitado por dos factores clave: localización y tamaño. El GIST de localización infrecuente (esófago, duodeno o recto, o extradigestivo) supone un reto terapéutico. Estos pacientes deben ser manejados en un contexto multidisciplinario. La cirugía queda integrada en el manejo del GIST avanzado, considerándose como adyuvante a los inhibidores de la tirosina cinasa.

Do health literacy levels of nursing students change throughout the study programme? A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to analyse if the level of health literacy (HL) of nursing students changes throughout the study programme. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with anonymous self-reporting was conducted. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: 329 public university nursing students in Seville, Spain; 243 of the first year and 86 of the fourth. INTERVENTIONS: The short Spanish version of the Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire-European Union was used to evaluate HL. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportions of the limited level of HL were compared between academic years and the crude and corrected OR were calculated with the Mantel-Haenszel test to evaluate the effect of confusion of the sex variable on the HL level and academic year relationship. A logistic regression model with step-by-step analysis was run, including the independent variables sex, age, marital status, academic year and HL level (limited/sufficient) as the dependent variable. RESULTS: 62.1% of the participants of the first year versus 47.7% of the fourth year had a limited literacy level for a crude OR of 1.5 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.21; p=0.014) and a corrected by sex OR of 1.8 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.96; p=0.026). Only the strata in women had a statistically significant relationship. The logistic regression model ratified that the HL was a function exclusive to the academic year. CONCLUSION: The HL level of nursing students increases from the first to the fourth academic year, even when controlling for sex. Although the HL level in the fourth academic year was greater than that of the first, both groups had inadequate HL levels. It is hence recommended to implement intervention strategies, which reinforce in the curriculum the knowledge and experiences related with health communication and education to ensure that future professionals improve their HL. Achieving adequate HL is crucial to be able to provide care to patients, their families and the community.

Acoustic analysis of the voice in patients with Parkinson's disease and hypokinetic dysarthria / Análisis acústico de la voz en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson y disartria hipocinética

Background and aim: Most patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop speech disorders during the course of the disease. These disorders severely affect the speech intelligibility and vocal quality of these people. The aim of this paper is to characterize the voice and speech of subjects with PD through the automatic analysis of voice recordings. We also study whether there is a relationship between the acoustic parameters extracted from the recordings and the quality of the voice perceived by the subjects themselves. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive correlational study in which 20 subjects with PD and 20 healthy controls were compared. The subjects with PD completed the VHI-30 instrument and performed sustained phonation of different vowels in Spanish. The stage of the disease was also evaluated using the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Results: There are greater vocalic changes in subjects with PD than in healthy controls. In particular, significant differences were found for the vowel space area, intensity, F0, jitter and shimmer. No statistically significant associations were found between these acoustic parameters and the voice quality as perceived by the subjects with PD. Conclusions: Acoustic analysis of voice and speech may be of great help in characterizing the state of hypokinetic dysarthria in PD patients. In addition, automatic tools of this type could be used in the future in a complementary manner to facilitate identifying treatment needs in PD patients.(AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo: La mayoría de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) desarrollan trastornos del habla durante el curso de la misma. Estos trastornos afectan gravemente la inteligibilidad del habla y la calidad vocal de estas personas. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la voz y el habla de personas con EP mediante el análisis automático de grabaciones de voz. También se estudia si existe la relación entre los parámetros acústicos extraídos de las grabaciones y la calidad de la voz percibida por los propios sujetos. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo correlacional en el que se compararon 20 sujetos con EP y 20 controles sanos. Los sujetos con EP completaron el instrumento VHI-30 y realizaron fonación sostenida de distintas vocales en español. Asimismo, se evaluó el estadio de la enfermedad utilizando la escala de Hoehn y Yahr. Resultados: Hay mayores cambios vocálicos en las personas con EP que en los controles sanos. En particular, se encontraron diferencias significativas para el área del espacio vocálico, la intensidad, F0, el jitter y el shimmer. No se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre esos parámetros y la calidad de voz percibida por el propio sujeto. Conclusiones: El análisis acústico de la voz y el habla puede ser de gran ayuda para caracterizar el estado de la disartria hipocinética en pacientes con EP. Además, este tipo de herramientas automáticas podrían facilitar la detección de necesidades de tratamiento de los pacientes con EP.(AU)

Burnout, Compassion Fatigue and Psychological Flexibility among Geriatric Nurses: A Multicenter Study in Spain.

Nurses working at nursing homes are one of the most vulnerable populations for suffering burnout and compassion fatigue. In Spain, the concept of compassion fatigue and psychological flexibility related to stress in geriatric nurses has not been fully explored until now. It is important to analyze their situation in order to design robust coping and management strategies. The aim was to analyze the relationship between burnout, compassion fatigue and psychological flexibility in geriatric nurses in Spain. Participants included 291 nurses from 97 centers in 51 cities across Spain. Psychological flexibility (AAQ-II), burnout (MBI) and compassion fatigue (ProQOL) were evaluated. Responses were recievced from 281 nurses (91% women), with an average of 7.6 years of work experience. The MBI results were average (26.71), and the ProQOL scores were average for compassion fatigue (40.2%) and high for compassion satisfaction (70.3%), whereas for AAQ-II, the mean score was 37.34 (SD 4.21). The correlation was significant and negative for flexibility, burnout and compassion fatigue, and positive for compassion satisfaction. The ANOVA indicated a significant association between all variables (p < 0.05). We can conclude that geriatric nurses suffer from medium levels of burnout and compassion fatigue, together with high levels of psychological flexibility, which appears to act as a stress reliever, supporting compassion satisfaction.

Design of the EBE-ST Questionnaire among Nursing Students: Multicenter Study from Eight Universities in Spain.

BACKGROUND: Twenty years after the degree in nursing was introduced in Spain, the subject of evidence-based nursing is still unstructured and unestablished in most faculties. Moreover, there are hardly any rigorous studies at a national level that evaluate the current state of this competence in our faculties. Understanding the starting point is essential for the curricular design to ensure that evidence-based practice is implemented among future professionals. AIM: To design and validate an evidence-based nursing competency questionnaire for fourth-year nursing students. METHODS: A specific questionnaire was developed and validated (EBE-ST). A cross-sectional survey design with psychometric validation of an instrument. Participants were 304 senior year nursing students from eight universities in Spain (2020). RESULTS: The EBE-ST questionnaire is composed of 33 items that determine eight factors. It presents adequate reliability and validity (alpha = 0.882), measuring knowledge, attitudes and the practical application of evidence-based practice. CONCLUSIONS: We have created an instrument with good psychometric properties to measure evidence-based practice competence among senior nursing students. The heterogeneity of knowledge regarding evidence-based nursing in our country suggests that further reflection is warranted on the incorporation of this topic during undergraduate training. We have designed and validated an evidence-based nursing competency questionnaire specific to nursing students.

The Suffering of Advanced Chronic Renal Patients and Their Relationship with Symptoms in Loja, Ecuador.

Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) supposes a public health problem in Ecuador that requires a comprehensive approach. In view of the scarcity of studies on the subject in this country, the objective of this research was to determine the signs and symptoms associated with the patients' physical, social and psychological spheres that allow properly developing palliative care. A longitudinal, prospective and observational study was conducted with ACKD patients. In order to assess the symptomatic burden and suffering of these patients, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System Revised: renal (ESAS-r) for renal patients and the Distress Thermometer (DT) were used. The sample consisted of a total of 246 patients. The most common symptoms that affect them, causing them suffering in their daily lives, are those related to well-being, difficulty falling asleep and itching. It is necessary that health professionals adapt care measures and help patients undergoing renal treatment, especially those who have suffered the disease for a longer period of time, in order to alleviate the patients' suffering and therefore improve their daily lives. To such an end, a care plan could be designed that includes early palliative care.