RESUMO
Fundamentos: Tener una adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (ADM) como mantener una actividad físicarecomendable (AF-r) contribuyen a un descenso de las enfermedades crónicas y de la mortalidad por lo que unestilo de vida saludable (EVS) tiene que ir ligado a estos dos hábitos saludables (HS).El objetivo fue evaluar laasociación entre la ADM y la AF-r.Métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 490 universitarias con una edad media de 21,4 ± 0,7 años.Se empleó un registro semanal de ingesta de alimentos. La ADM y AF-r se obtuvieron mediante los cuestionariosKidmed y Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity - RAPA.Resultados: El 36,3% de las alumnas realizan una AF-r y el 25,7% tienen una ADM-alta. El 12,6% presentan esosdos HS y el 50,6% ninguno de ellos. Una AF-activa (OR:3,91; IC-95%: 1,92-7,92) y una AF-moderada (OR:2,25;IC-95%: 1,23-4,11) aumenta significativamente la probabilidad de tener una ADM-alta en comparación con unaAF-sedentaria. Las que cumplen los dos HS tienen mejor índice de alimentación saludable-IAS (81,7 puntos) ynormopeso.Conclusiones: Las estudiantes con una AF-r junto a una ADM-alta siguen dietas más saludables y mantienenun peso corporal más adecuado. (AU)
Background: Having an adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) and maintaining a recommended physicalactivity (r-PA) contribute to a decrease in chronic diseases and mortality, so a healthy lifestyle (HL) must belinked to these two healthy habits (HH).The objective was to assess in students the association between AMDand the r-PA.Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 490 female university students with a mean age 21,4 ± 0,7years. A weekly record of food intake was used. The assessment of AMD and r-PA was carried out using theKidmed y the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity- RAPA questionnaire.Results: 36.3% of the students meet r-PA and 25.7% have a high-ADM. Only 12.6% show these two HH and50.6% none of them. An active-PA (OR: 3.91; IC-95%: 1,92-7,92) and a moderate-PA (OR: 2.25; IC95%: 1,23-4,11) increased the probability of having a high-ADM compared to a sedentary-PA. Those who meet the twoHH have a better healthy eating index-HEI (score of 81.7), as well as a greater presence of normal weight.Conclusions: Students with an r-PA together with a high ADM follow healthier diets and maintain a moreadequate body weight. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Dieta Mediterrânea , Atividade Motora , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Universidades , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The Mediterranean diet pattern is considered as a model to be promoted; however, it is deteriorating especially in universitary students. We believe that trying to improve it on the stage of university education may be of interest and moreover if these are future professionals of Nursing (E) and Teaching (M). OBJECTIVE: Determining the variations after teaching of subjects in nutrition and food that can be achieved in both, knowledge and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (AMD) in a universitary population of futures Nurses and Teachers and analyzing various factors to improve their nutritional quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Distribution Pre and Post Teaching of a questionnaire and Kidmed test to a sample of 399 university students (216 E, and 183 M) with mean age of 22.4 years old (E) and 33.8 years old (M). Background studies, age, weight, height, knowledge on MD and Kidmed index (0-12) indicating whether the AMD was low (0 to 3), medium (4 to 7) or high (from 8 to 12) are recorded by each respondent. The Chi square test and SPSS 21 statistical program are used for data comparison. RESULTS: Significative differences exist in both groups (E and M) after teaching in knowledge (p < 0.001) on MD. Likewise, those changes between the mean values of AMD in both, Nursing, from 4.76 to 5.33 (p < 0.05), and Teaching evolving from 6.17 to 8.77 (p < 0.001) are significant. Despite of this, values of consumption of fruits and vegetables within the Nursing group, are very poor. The best evolution in the Teaching students may be conditioned by the maturity of this group. Among the significant improvements achieved in post teaching habits are those involving lower consumption of bakery products (p < 0.001) and sweets (p < 0.05), which only occurs in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the progress achieved, the 84.3% of future nurses would need to improve their AMD and to increase the nuclear DM habits, such as daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Although in a smaller proportion, 27% of the Teaching students should improve their AMD as well. It would be desirable to get deeper in nutritional education campaigns using subjects such as those already mentioned, and especially considering the future social role that these groups can play.
Introducción: El patrón de Dieta Mediterránea es considerado como un modelo a potenciar; sin embargo, se está deteriorando especialmente en jóvenes universitarios. Intentar mejorarlo en la etapa de formación universitaria creemos puede ser de interés y máxime si se trata de futuros profesionales de Enfermería (E) y Magisterio (M). Objetivo: Determinar las variaciones que con la docencia en asignaturas de nutrición-alimentación se pueden conseguir tanto en conocimientos como en la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (ADM) en una población universitaria de futuros Enfermeros y Maestros y analizar diversos factores que pudieran mejorar su calidad nutricional. Material y métodos: Distribución pre y post docencia de un cuestionario y del test Kidmed a una muestra de 399 universitarios (216, E; y 183, M) con edades medias de 22,4 años (E) y de 33,8 años (M). De cada encuestado se registraban estudios iniciales, edad, peso, talla, conocimientos de DM e índice Kidmed (de 0 a 12) indicando si la ADM era baja (de 0 a 3), media (de 4 a 7) o alta (de 8 a 12). Para la comparación de los datos se ha utilizado el test Chi cuadrado y el programa estadístico SPSS 21. Resultados: Existen en ambos colectivos (E y M), tras la docencia variaciones significativas en conocimientos (p.
