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1.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 35(5): 323-335, sept.-oct. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056072

RESUMO

Introducción. El trabajo de investigación que presentamos sobre las actitudes frente al enfermo mental de la población general de Vizcaya es en cierto modo la continuación de una línea de investigación que comenzamos en 1979. Material y métodos. Hemos utilizado el mismo cuestionario que entonces (Cohen y Struening) modificado ligeramente para adaptarlo a las circunstancias actuales, siendo la muestra totalmente aleatoria. El alfa de Cronbach de fiabilidad es de 0,8236 y el intervalo de confianza para la diferencia es del 95%. Resultados. La actitud hacia el enfermo mental es mejor ahora que hace unas décadas, probablemente por los cambios en profundidad que ha habido en dicha población, habiendo pasado de tener una actitud estereotipada y de prejuicio a una mayor diversidad de opiniones seguramente con más conocimiento de causa por la mejor información de que dispone hoy día el ciudadano y cuya síntesis en factores explica en total el 32,9% de la varianza. Con el trabajo actual los factores son: a) actitud negativa frente al enfermo mental (explica el 14 % de la varianza); b) etiología interpersonal/social (explica el 7,2% de la varianza); c) autoritarismo (explica el 4,8% de la varianza); d) restrictividad (explica el 3,1% de la varianza), y e) prejuicio (explica el 3% de la varianza). Conclusiones. La población tiene una idea de la enfermedad mental menos mágica y prejuiciosa y más informada que antaño, lo que hace que los contenidos factoriales estén mucho más diseminados, por lo que éstos explican mucho menos el porcentaje de varianza


Introduction. The research work we are presenting on attitudes toward mental illness among the general population of Vizcaya is, to a certain extent, a continuation of an investigation line we began in 1979. Material and methods. We have used the same questionnaire as in 1979 (Cohen and Struening), slightly modifying it to adapt it to current circumstances with a completely random sample. Cronbach’s alpha is 0.8236 and the confidence interval for the difference is 95%. Results. The attitude towards the mental ill is better nowadays than several decades ago. This is probably because of the deep changes that have occurred in our society which has led those people who previously had a stereotyped attitude and were prejudiced to become more diversified in their opinions with full knowledge of the facts because of better information. Its factor synthesis explains 32.9 % of the variation. The factors resulting from this work are: a) negative attitude toward the mentally ill (explains 14 % variation); b) interpersonal/social etiology (explains 7.2 % variation); c) authoritarianism (accounting for 4.8 % variation); d) restrictiveness (explains 3.1% variation), and e) prejudice (explains 3% variation). Conclusions. The population has a less magical and prejudicial and a more informed idea of mental illness. Thus the factorial contents are much more disseminated. Consequently, these factors explain a relatively low percentage of variation


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Mentais , Opinião Pública , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Preconceito
2.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 35(5): 323-35, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17597433

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The research work we are presenting on attitudes toward mental illness among the general population of Vizcaya is, to a certain extent, a continuation of an investigation line we began in 1979. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have used the same questionnaire as in 1979 (Cohen and Struening), slightly modifying it to adapt it to current circumstances with a completely random sample. Cronbach's alpha is 0.8236 and the confidence interval for the difference is 95%. RESULTS: The attitude towards the mentally ill is better nowadays than several decades ago. This is probably because of the deep changes that have occurred in our society which has led those people who previously had a stereotyped attitude and were prejudiced to become more diversified in their opinions with full knowledge of the facts because of better information. Its factor synthesis explains 32.9% of the variation. The factors resulting from this work are: a) negative attitude toward the mentally ill (explains 14% variation); b) interpersonal/social etiology (explains 7.2% variation); c) authoritarianism (accounting for 4.8% variation); d) restrictiveness (explains 3.1% variation), and e) prejudice (explains 3% variation). CONCLUSIONS: The population has a less magical and prejudicial and a more informed idea of mental illness. Thus the factorial contents are much more disseminated. Consequently, these factors explain a relatively low percentage of variation.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
An. psiquiatr ; 21(3): 95-101, mayo-jun. 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-041677

RESUMO

El trabajo de investigación que presentamos sobre “alexitimia en la población general de Vizcaya”, con una escala, la YAS-25, que es una variante de la primitiva YAS-21, con que comenzamos en 1991 nuestros estudios sobre el citado rasgo de personalidad y siendo la primera vez que aplicamos la escala en población general, nos permitirá valorar y comparar la existencia de dicho rasgo con otras poblaciones estudiadas y cuya publicación ya se hizo. Para ello ponemos el acento en esta primera publicación en los aspectos psicométricos de la escala dejando para publicaciones posteriores la ampliación a correlaciones con diversas variables demográficas estudiadas. La escala YAS-25 tiene suficiente consistencia y es perfectamente válida pero no ha resultado mejor que la YAS-21 o la YAS-20, validadas anteriormente, explicando algo menos de la varianza que las citadas. En cualquier caso es mejor en todos los sentidos que las existentes de Sifneos o Taylor


The research work we present on “alexithimia in the general population of Vizcaya” is made with YAS-25-Scale, that is a modification of YAS-21, with which we began in 1991 a research line about this personality trait (alexithimia). Now is the first time we use the scale on general population which will make it possible to validate and to compare with other random samples of other studied populations. We emphasize in this first publication psychometric aspects and leave for later publications, correlations with several studied variables. Our scale YAS-25 is consistent and valid enough but it is not better than our earlier scales (YAS-21 and YAS-20) and explains less variance. In any case it is better for our latitude than those of Sifneos and Taylor


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Sintomas Afetivos/etiologia , Sintomas Afetivos/patologia , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/patologia , Comportamento/classificação , Transtornos da Personalidade/etiologia , Testes de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Psiquis (Madr.) ; 25(1): 22-28, ene. 2004. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-31544

RESUMO

Objetivo: medir los contenidos psicológicos y psiquiátricos que los médicos de Bizkaia consideran que deben incluirse en los estudios de pregrado de Medicina. Resultados: los médicos generales y los psiquiatras coinciden en casi todos los contenidos aunque los médicos generales tienden a puntuar más alto en todos los ítems. Los médicos señalan como tópicos más importantes: la valoración de la necesidad de derivación al psiquiatra, la habilidad para hablar con el paciente, la dinámica de la relación médico-paciente, los aspectos emocionales del enfermo crónico o moribundo, el riesgo de suicidio, la capacidad de detección de los principales síndromes psiquiátricos, tratamientos, farmacología de los mismos, alcoholismo y drogadicción y envejecimiento normal y patológico. Los médicos de medicina general acentúan frente a los psiquiatras la importancia de aspectos sociales, relacionales y de la personalidad y de técnicas de tratamiento (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Psicologia/educação , Psiquiatria/educação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde
5.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 31(3): 142-8, 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12772043

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Family order of the children and family size as well as other psychosocial variables on University of the Basque Country (UBC) students are compared in order to relate these data with the choice of type of university studies. METHODS: As a sample, we studied 6,013 students from the UBC in different careers and courses. Mean age was 20.26 years. The following instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Eysenck Personality Scale and Yllá Alexithymia Scale. All them were validated for our country. RESULTS: The presence of women was greater in all the career studies except for engineering where the proportion of men was greater. The data verify the relationship between being the youngest or intermediate child of a family of three or more children and studying Journalism and Fine Arts and that the first born of families of two or more children are more represented in Engineering. It is interesting that there are fewer only children in Medicine where children of families of three or more, both first-born as well as intermediate, go. These variables, as well as extraversion, neuroticism and alexithymia, were different in the different career studies. It was also observed that the female university students scored higher in the neuroticism scale and that the levels of Alexithymia were higher among the men. Further, relations were found between child birth order and family size and personality, in the sense that the Medical and Odontology careers presented lower scores in Alexithymia while the more technical careers such as Engineering are those that present a higher alexithymia. Medicine and Odontology, followed by Mathematics and Journalism, obtained the highest scores in neuroticism. Engineering students obtain the lowest neuroticism. The most extroverted students are those from Journalism, Chemistry, Economics and Odontology. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of university studies is associated to gender, birth order, family size and personality patterns. Personality variables are related to gender, birth order and family size.


Assuntos
Escolha da Profissão , Família/psicologia , Personalidade , Adulto , Ordem de Nascimento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inventário de Personalidade , Psicologia , Universidades
6.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 30(3): 142-52, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12106515

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The main goals of any antipsychotic pharmacological treatment are the improvement of negative, positive, behavioral, affective and cognitive symptoms related to psychotic disorders, a good side-effects profile and again an improvement in patients quality of life and social - environmental relationships. The development of new atypical antipsychotic drugs has opened new therapeutical bias. Nevertheless only a few clinical studies have been developed studying new atypical antipsychotic role on first psychotic episodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed an open, observational, multicenter and prospective study in order to evaluate effectiveness, tolerability and security of early treatment with risperidone in patients affected by a first psychotic episode (DSM IV diagnostic criteria) and the long-term effect of this treatment on the clinical evolution of these patients. We recruited 436 patients (age 18-65) who had never before received any antipsychotic drug. RESULTS: The most prevalent diagnosis was schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders no substance abuse related (90.6%). The average dosage of risperidone used during this study was 5.12 mg/d and most of the patients remained on risperidone monotherapy. We observed a statistically significant improvement in psychopathological scale PANSS (total; positive, negative and general subescales), Global Activity Scale (EEAG) and Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) scores from first month treatment on. This improvement was maintained during the two-year follow up period. We also observed an improvement in Young Mania Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale scores sustained from first month up to the end of the study. The number of patients hospitalized importantly decreased and most of them (95.9%) were ambulatory patients at the end of the study. We also observed a decrease on UKU neurological side-effects scale scores (including parkinsonism) from sixth month up to the end of the study and from basal to final evaluation. Other side effects related were amenorrhea (2.1%) and weight gain (1.6%). Investigators' opinion about risperidone efficacy and tolerability was good or very good in 84.4% and 91.6% respectively. DISCUSSION: This study concludes that risperidone is an effective, well tolerated an secure antipsychotic drug in the treatment of patients with a first psychotic episode, and in our opinion is a first rank therapeutical alternative in these kind of patients.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Psicóticos/tratamento farmacológico , Risperidona/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 30(3): 142-152, mayo 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12098

RESUMO

Introducción. Entre los objetivos de todo tratamiento antipsicótico se encuentran la mejoría tanto de los síntomas psicóticos positivos y negativos como de los síntomas conductuales, afectivos y cognitivos que acompañan a la mayor parte de las psicosis, todo ello con la menor incidencia posible de efectos adversos y con la intención de mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente y sus relaciones con el entorno. Con el advenimiento de los nuevos antipsicóticos atípicos se ha venido a ampliar el horizonte del tratamiento farmacológico de las psicosis. Sin embargo, se han realizado pocos estudios clínicos prospectivos sobre los efectos de los fármacos antipsicóticos en pacientes afectados por un primer episodio psicótico. Material y método. Nuestro objetivo era mediante un estudio multicéntrico, observacional, abierto y prospectivo valorar la efectividad, tolerabilidad y seguridad del tratamiento precoz con risperidona en pacientes afectados por un primer episodio psicótico (criterios DSM IV), así como evaluar a largo plazo (dos años) el efecto de dicho tratamiento en la evolución clínica de estos pacientes. Se incluyeron 436 pacientes de entre 18 y 65 años a los que se instauró tratamiento antipsicótico por primera vez. Resultados. El diagnóstico realizado con mayor frecuencia fue el de esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos no inducidos por sustancias (90,6 por ciento). La dosis media de risperidona utilizada a lo largo del estudio fue de 5,12 mg/día, permaneciendo la mayoría de los pacientes en monoterapia con dicho fármaco. La mejoría de estos pacientes en las escalas PANSS (psicopatología total y subescalas positiva, negativa y general), de actividad global del paciente (EEAG) e impresión clínica global (ICG) fue estadísticamente significativa a partir del primer mes del tratamiento y mantenida durante los dos años de seguimiento. También se observó una mejoría en las escalas de manía de Young y de depresión de Hamilton de forma sostenida desde el primer mes y durante los dos años de evaluación. Se redujo significativamente el número de pacientes hospitalizados, manteniéndose en régimen ambulatorio un 95,9 por ciento de los pacientes a los dos años de tratamiento y en la escala UKU de efectos adversos de tipo neurológico se observó una disminución significativa de la puntuación de los síntomas parkinsonianos a partir del sexto mes de tratamiento y entre la visita basal y final. Otros efectos adversos notificados fueron la amenorrea (2,1 por ciento) y el aumento de peso (1,61 por ciento), siendo la opinión global del investigador sobre la eficacia y la tolerancia de la risperidona buena o muy buena en el 84,4 por ciento y 91,6 por ciento de los casos respectivamente. Discusión. Según los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio podemos concluir que la risperidona es un antipsicótico que presenta un buen perfil de efectividad clínica, de tolerancia y de seguridad en el tratamiento de los primeros episodios psicóticos, constituyendo una alternativa farmacológica de primera línea en este tipo de trastornos (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Fatores de Tempo , Antipsicóticos , Risperidona , Resultado do Tratamento , Transtornos Psicóticos , Estudos Prospectivos , Seguimentos
8.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2497625

RESUMO

During one year we have studied the weight gain secondary to lithium in 80 patients in long-term maintenance treatment. Out of 80 patients, 28 increased weight. Nearly all gained less than 10% of initial weight. There is not connection between weight and thirst or edema. Weight gain was not a cause for discontinuation treatment.


Assuntos
Lítio/efeitos adversos , Aumento de Peso , Adulto , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Lítio/uso terapêutico , Carbonato de Lítio , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sede/efeitos dos fármacos
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