Manejo del quiste hidatídico en centro con alta prevalencia. Serie descriptiva / Management of a hydatid cyst in a center with high prevalence. Descriptive series

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the genus Echinococcus. Humans are an accidental intermediate host. The main organ affected is the liver (70%). The incidence increases in endemic regions such as North Africa, Eastern Europe and South America. We present a descriptive series of cases treated in our hospital in the last 5 years. Demographic variables, cyst characteristics, as well as preoperative and postoperative variables are collected.(AU)

Similarities in cognitive impairment between recent- onset and chronic schizophrenia patients: a consideration for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis.

Impairment in attention, memory, processing speed and executive functions have been described in patients with schizophrenia. Such impairments can be observed in early stages of the disease and in chronic patients; discrepancy in findings regarding the cognitive deficits at different stages of the illness keeps the debate about schizophrenia as a neurodegenerative condition which courses with continuous deterioration, or if deficits remain stable, as the neurodevelopmental hypothesis suggests.

Management of a hydatid cyst in a center with high prevalence. Descriptive series.

Hydatidosis is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the genus Echinococcus. Humans are an accidental intermediate host. The main organ affected is the liver (70%). The incidence increases in endemic regions such as North Africa, Eastern Europe and South America. We present a descriptive series of cases treated in our hospital in the last 5 years. Demographic variables, cyst characteristics, as well as preoperative and postoperative variables are collected.

Peritoneal and Urinary Sodium Removal in Refractory Congestive Heart Failure Patients Included in an Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Program: Valuable for Monitoring the Course of the Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Spot urinary sodium emerged as a useful parameter for assessing decongestion in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Growing evidence endorses the therapeutic role of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in patients with refractory CHF and kidney disease. We aimed to examine the long-term trajectory of urinary, peritoneal, and total (urinary plus peritoneal) sodium removal in a cohort of patients with refractory CHF enrolled in a CAPD program. Additionally, we explored whether sodium removal was associated with the risk of long-term mortality and episodes of worsening heart failure (WHF). METHODS: We included 66 ambulatory patients with refractory CHF enrolled in a CAPD program in a single teaching center. 24-h peritoneal, urinary, and total sodium elimination were analyzed at baseline and after CAPD initiation. Its trajectories over time were calculated using joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data. Within the framework of joint frailty models for recurrent and terminal events, we estimated its prognostic effect on recurrent episodes of WHF. RESULTS: At the time of enrollment, the mean age and estimated glomerular filtration rate were 72.8 ± 8.4 years and 28.5 ± 14.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The median urinary sodium at baseline was 2.34 g/day (1.40-3.55). At a median (p25%-p75%) follow-up of 2.93 (1.93-3.72) years, we registered 0.28 deaths and 0.24 episodes of WHF per 1 person-year. Compared to baseline (urinary), CAPD led to increased sodium excretion (urinary plus dialyzed) since the first follow-up visit (p < 0.001). Over the follow-up, repeated measurements of total sodium removal were associated with a lower risk of death and episodes of WHF. CONCLUSIONS: CAPD increased sodium removal in patients with refractory CHF. Elevated sodium removal identified those patients with a lower risk of death and episodes of WHF.

Similitudes en el deterioro cognitivo de pacientes con esquizofrenia de inicio reciente y pacientes crónicos: una consideración sobre la hipótesisdel neurodesarrollo / Similarities in cognitive impairment between recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia patients: a consideration for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Se ha descrito la presencia de déficits cognitivos en pacientes con esquizofrenia, dichas alteraciones pueden observarse en fases tempranas y crónicas de la enfermedad.Sin embargo, los hallazgos respecto a los déficits en estas fases aún mantienen el debate sobre si la esquizofrenia es una condición neurodegenerativa que cursa con un deterioro continuo o si los déficits permanecen estables, como sugiere la hipótesis del neurodesarrollo. En el presente estudio se compara el rendimiento cognitivo de pacientes con esquizofrenia de inicio reciente (RO) y pacientes crónicos (CH) con la finalidad de contrastar la hipótesis del neurodesarrollo con la perspectiva neurodegenerativa. Método. Se incluyeron 20 participantes de RO (< 5 años desde el primer episodio psicótico) y 30 pacientes de CH (>5 años desde el primer episodio psicótico). Para la evaluación cognitiva se utilizó la Batería Cognitiva Consensuada MATRICS (MCCB), la Prueba Torre de Londres, la Prueba de Clasificación de Tarjetas de Wisconsin y la Prueba de Stroop. Se utilizó ANCOVA para las comparaciones de grupos. Resultados. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos en la mayoría de las pruebas cognitivas. Se observó una diferencia significativa en la prueba de span espacial del MCCB. Conclusiones. Los déficits cognitivos permanecen estables a lo largo del tiempo; nuestros hallazgos son consistentes con la hipótesis del neurodesarrollo de la esquizofreniamás que con el enfoque neurodegenerativo. (AU)

Impairment in attention, memory, processing speed and executive functions have been described in patients with schizophrenia. Such impairments can be observed in early stages of the disease and in chronic patients; discrepancy in findings regarding the cognitive deficits at different stages of the illness keeps the debate about schizophrenia as a neurodegenerative condition which courses with continuous deterioration, or if deficits remain stable, as the neurodevelopmental hypothesis suggests. The aim of the present study was to compare the cognitive performance of recent-onset (RO) and chronic (CH) schizophrenia patients to contrast the neurodevelopmental hypothesis against the neurodegenerative approach. Methods. Twenty RO participants (< 5 years from first psychotic episode) and 30 CH patients (> 5 years from first psychotic episode) were included in the sample. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), Tower of London test (ToL), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop Test were used for cognitive evaluation. ANCOVA analysis was performed for group comparisons. Results. No differences between RO and CH patients were identified on most cognitive tests. However, a significant difference was observed in the visual spatial span test from MCCB. Conclusions. We conclude that cognitive deficits remain stable over the course of the disease. Our findings are consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia rather than the neurodegenerative approach. (AU)

Surgical indication of type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors.

Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (GNETs) account for less than 2% of gastric neoplasms and type 1 GNETs (GNETs-1), which are associated with chronic atrophic gastritis, account for 70-80% of all GNETs. Treatment of GNETs-1 is usually endoscopic, but surgery also has its indications. The aim of this study is to present five case reports of GNETs-1 treated with surgery and to analyze the surgical indications for this type of tumors.