The Effects of Acute Deep Seawater Supplementation on Muscle Function after Triathlon.

(1) Background: Trainers and athletes have always sought to reduce the failure of muscle function during long endurance events. However, nowadays, it is a topic that is generating much debate in the scientific field. Currently, deep-sea water (DSW) intake seems to be a suitable hydration alternative for this type of endurance event. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether DSW consumption during a triathlon event could preserve muscle function after exercise. (2) Methods: Nineteen trained male triathletes (age = 39.0 ± 4.25 years; BMI = 23.67 ± 1.81 kg/m2) randomly performed three triathlons, one of them consuming DSW (Totum SPORT 30 AB, Laboratories Quinton International, S.L., Spain), the other consuming isotonic placebo and the last with tap water-hydration. A vertical jump test with countermovement and an isometric muscle strength test were conducted before and after the triathlon test. (3) Results: There was a significant difference between treatment × time during the isometric muscle strength test. Based on the Tukey post hoc analysis, the peak net force decreased statistically in the placebo (p = 0.045) and control conditions (p = 0.026), but not in the experimental condition (p = 0.121). In addition, all of the conditions studied obtained similar results in the countermovement vertical jump after exercise. (4) Conclusions: As a result, consumption of DSW seems to delay the failure of muscle function specifically in isometric exercises but does not improve performance in sports. Thus, DSW does not alter muscle capacity in a negative way; therefore, its consumption may be recommended.

Physiological Benefits and Performance of Sea Water Ingestion for Athletes in Endurance Events: A Systematic Review.

In different endurance events, athletes have limited access to fluid intake, such as ultra-endurance running. For this reason, it is necessary to establish an adequate hydration strategy for this type of long-duration sporting event. Indeed, it seems that the intake of seawater is a suitable hydration alternative to improve post-exercise recovery in this type of endurance event. This seawater is characterized by being a deep natural mineral water of moderate mineralization, which is usually extracted from a depth of about 700 m. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of seawater consumption in both performance and post-exercise recovery in long-duration sport events. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in September 2022. Initially, 8 out of 558 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these eight studies, six were randomized clinical trials, and two were observational studies (one cross-sectional and one prospective study in well-conditioned student athletes). The results showed that deep sea water consumption accelerated the recovery of aerobic capacity and leg muscle capacity on running performance. In addition, the lactate production after the running exercise in seawater was significantly lower than in pure water. In conclusion, the present review demonstrates that seawater consumption could significantly improve the capacity of recovery after exercise.

Fuerza de agarre como predictor de composición corporal en estudiantes universitarias / Handgrip strength as a predictor of body composition in female college students

RESUMEN La relevancia que tiene la medición de la fuerza de agarre (FA) se ha incrementado en los últimos años como marcador del estado nutricional, por su relación con la morbilidad y mortalidad y por su creciente aplicación clínica y epidemiológica. Estudios de FA en adultos jóvenes sanos, revelan que se asocia positivamente con variables antropométricas y de composición corporal, mismas que se vincularían con la promoción de la salud en esta población. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la correlación entre la FA con variables de antropometría, composición corporal medida por bioimpedancia eléctrica y con la realización de ejercicio, para evaluar su utilidad como indicador del estado nutricional en jóvenes universitarias. Los resultados mostraron que en las estudiantes universitarias la FA se correlacionó positiva y significativamente con variables antropométricas (talla), y de composición corporal (masa muscular). Los profesionales de la salud requieren promover entre este grupo de población la reducción de los factores de riesgo como la baja fuerza muscular a través de la promoción de un estilo de vida activo y en específico de la realización de ejercicio físico de fuerza.

ABSTRACT The relevance of measuring handgrip strength (HGS) has increased in recent years as a marker of nutritional status, due to its relationship with morbidity and mortality and its increasing clinical and epidemiological application. HGS studies in healthy young adults reveal that it is positively associated with anthropometric and body composition variables, the same indicators used for health promotion among young university students. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the HGS with anthropometry variables, body composition measured by electrical bioimpedance and with exercise performance, to evaluate its usefulness as an indicator of nutritional status in college students. The results showed that the HGS of female college students was positively and significantly correlated with anthropometric variables (height), and body composition (muscle mass). Among this population group, health professionals need to promote the reduction of risk factors such as low muscle strength through the promotion of an active lifestyle and, specifically, strength exercises.

Leche y productos lácteos como vehículos de calcio y vitamina D: papel de las leches enriquecidas / Milk and dairy products as vehicle for calcium and vitamin D: role of calcium enriched milks

La leche y sus derivados son alimentos fundamentales durante todas las etapas de la vida dentro de una dieta occidental equilibrada. En las últimas décadas, su consumo ha disminuido notablemente y de forma paralela se ha detectado un aumento de algunas alteraciones provocadas por la carencia de micronutrientes presentes en los productos lácteos, principalmente calcio y vitamina D, lo que está derivando en un grave problema de salud pública en determinados grupos de población. Para intentar solucionar estos problemas, se han incorporado al mercado alimentos enriquecidos en estos componentes, dentro de los que destacan los productos lácteos porque proporcionan mejor biodisponibilidad del calcio y son fuentes de vitamina D, por lo que son los más recomendables. Se han realizado diversas investigaciones que demuestran el beneficio que supone la suplementación con leche enriquecida en calcio y vitamina D en grupos vulnerables como los adultos mayores y las mujeres posmenopáusicas, en los que mejora sustancialmente el recambio óseo y aumenta la densidad y la fuerza de los huesos. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la importancia que tiene el consumo del calcio de la leche, así como las recomendaciones actuales de ingesta, y analizar la utilidad de las leches enriquecidas en calcio para determinados grupos de población como alternativa para aumentar las ingestas de este mineral y también de vitamina D. Asimismo, se pretende clarificar los errores y mitos que han surgido recientemente en relación a determinados alimentos que pretenden sustituir a la leche y sus derivados, basándonos en sus diferencias de composición, biodisponibilidad y efectos sobre la salud

Milk and dairy products are key foods during all stages of life within a balanced Western diet. In recent decades, their consumption has decreased significantly. In parallel, an increase in some pathological alterations caused by the deficit of some micronutrients present in dairy products, mainly calcium and vitamin D, has been detected, resulting in a serious public health problem in certain groups of population. In order to avoid these deficiencies, foods enriched in these components have been launched into the market. Within them, enriched milks and dairy products stand out since they allow better bioavailability of calcium and are natural sources of vitamin D. Several studies have been carried out to demonstrate the benefit of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D enriched milks in vulnerable groups such as older adults and postmenopausal women. Those studies have reported a substantial improvement of bone turnover and an increase of bone density and strength. The aim of the present work is to revise the importance of milk-derived calcium intake on health, and the usefulness of calcium-enriched milks for allowing adequate calcium consumption without dietary modifications in certain groups of population. Likewise, it is intended to clarify the errors and myths that have recently arisen in relation to certain foods that seek to replace milk and dairy product, based on their differences in composition, bioavailability and health effects

[Milk and dairy products as vehicle for calcium and vitamin D: role of calcium enriched milks]. / Leche y productos lácteos como vehículos de calcio y vitamina D: papel de las leches enriquecidas.

INTRODUCTION: Milk and dairy products are key foods during all stages of life within a balanced Western diet. In recent decades, their consumption has decreased significantly. In parallel, an increase in some pathological alterations caused by the deficit of some micronutrients present in dairy products, mainly calcium and vitamin D, has been detected, resulting in a serious public health problem in certain groups of population. In order to avoid these deficiencies, foods enriched in these components have been launched into the market. Within them, enriched milks and dairy products stand out since they allow better bioavailability of calcium and are natural sources of vitamin D. Several studies have been carried out to demonstrate the benefit of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D enriched milks in vulnerable groups such as older adults and postmenopausal women. Those studies have reported a substantial improvement of bone turnover and an increase of bone density and strength. The aim of the present work is to revise the importance of milk-derived calcium intake on health, and the usefulness of calcium-enriched milks for allowing adequate calcium consumption without dietary modifications in certain groups of population. Likewise, it is intended to clarify the errors and myths that have recently arisen in relation to certain foods that seek to replace milk and dairy product, based on their differences in composition, bioavailability and health effects.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La leche y sus derivados son alimentos fundamentales durante todas las etapas de la vida dentro de una dieta occidental equilibrada. En las últimas décadas, su consumo ha disminuido notablemente y de forma paralela se ha detectado un aumento de algunas alteraciones provocadas por la carencia de micronutrientes presentes en los productos lácteos, principalmente calcio y vitamina D, lo que está derivando en un grave problema de salud pública en determinados grupos de población. Para intentar solucionar estos problemas, se han incorporado al mercado alimentos enriquecidos en estos componentes, dentro de los que destacan los productos lácteos porque proporcionan mejor biodisponibilidad del calcio y son fuentes de vitamina D, por lo que son los más recomendables. Se han realizado diversas investigaciones que demuestran el beneficio que supone la suplementación con leche enriquecida en calcio y vitamina D en grupos vulnerables como los adultos mayores y las mujeres posmenopáusicas, en los que mejora sustancialmente el recambio óseo y aumenta la densidad y la fuerza de los huesos. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la importancia que tiene el consumo del calcio de la leche, así como las recomendaciones actuales de ingesta, y analizar la utilidad de las leches enriquecidas en calcio para determinados grupos de población como alternativa para aumentar las ingestas de este mineral y también de vitamina D. Asimismo, se pretende clarificar los errores y mitos que han surgido recientemente en relación a determinados alimentos que pretenden sustituir a la leche y sus derivados, basándonos en sus diferencias de composición, biodisponibilidad y efectos sobre la salud.

Respuesta: Atole de amaranto y su efecto potencial sobre la composición corporal de adultas mayores / No disponible

No disponible

Atole de amaranto y su efecto potencial sobre la composición corporal de adultas mayores / Amaranth drink and its potential effect on the body composition of older adults

Introducción: El envejecimiento implica disminución de las capacidades físicas asociado a un deficit nutricional por un bajo aporte de calorías y/o proteínas que disminuyen la masa muscular. El desarrollo de dietas que incorporen alimentos funcionales como el amaranto, cuyo contenido de proteína es muy similar y comparable a la caseína, podrían mejorar el estado nutricio de este grupo de población. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una bebida "atole" a base de amaranto sobre la composición corporal de mujeres mayores utilizando bioimpedancia. Métodos: Se incluyeron 26 mujeres mayores de 60 años suplementadas por 90 días con atole estandarizado con 22.5g de amaranto. Se aplicó la prueba estadística t de Student para muestras relacionadas con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. La evaluación se realizó basal, intermedia día 30 y final día 90. Resultados: En 90 días mostraron disminución de peso »0.97 ± 1.9kg, masa grasa »2 ± 2.0kg (p £ 0.05) y aumento de masa magra »1.20 ±1.8 Kg (p £ 0.05). Discusión: El Amaranto tiene gran potencial como cultivo sostenible con alta incidencia en la seguridad alimentaria, particularmente en grupos vulnerables donde la desnutrición es causa primordial de la fragilidad en el adulto mayor. Conclusiones: Se sugiere que el atole de amaranto favorece la ganancia de masa muscular en adultos mayores. Son necesarias futuras investigaciones sobre los efectos del consumo de amaranto en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la masa muscular

Background: Aging implies a decrease in physical abilities associated with a nutritional deficit due to a low consumption of calories and / or proteins that decrease muscle mass. The development of diets that incorporate functional foods such as amaranth, whose protein content is very similar and comparable to casein, could improve the nutritional status of this population group. Objetive: in this work was to assess the nutritional effect of consumption of a drink made of amaranth in antropometric parameters of older adults. Materials and methods: Twenty-six adults older over 60 years were supplemented with "Atole" amaranth. Body composition was assessed by impedance at 0, 30 and 90 days before, during and after of supplementation. Results: After 90 days, the weight and fat mass decreased » 0.97 ± 1.9kg and » 2 ± 2.0kg (p£0.05), respectively. However, lean mass increased »1.20 ±1.8 Kg (p£0.005). Conclusions: Se sugiere que el atole de amaranto favorece la ganancia de masa muscular en adultos mayores. Future research is needed on the effects of amaranth consumption on the development and maintenance of muscle mass

Efecto de la suplementación de omega 3 sobre IMC, ICC y composición corporal en mujeres obesas / Effect of Omega 3 fatty acids on body female obese composition

La evidencia sobre los posibles mecanismos de utilización de los ácidos grasos Omega 3 para mediar la obesidad requiere continuar con estudios clínicos con metodologías concretas. El objetivo fue evaluar mediante impedancia bioeléctrica el efecto de la suplementación de omega 3 sobre el Indicé de Masa Corporal (IMC), Índice Cintura Cadera (ICC) y composición corporal en mujeres obesas. Participaron 60 mujeres obesas adultas (IMC >30 Kg/m²) que fueron aleatorizadas en 3 grupos: Grupo 1) placebo, vitamina E (200 UI), Grupo 2) 1 g de omega 3) y Grupo 3) 2 g de omega 3. Todas recibieron dieta hipocalórica y ejercicio moderado. Se midieron; peso, IMC, índice cintura cadera y distribución grasa al inicio y cada mes por tres meses. Los resultados muestran que la suplementación con omega 3 tuvo una relación dosis respuesta disminuyendo significativamente el peso, IMC y la masa grasa total, en comparación con el grupo control. Estos efectos dependieron del tiempo y cantidad de Omega 3 suplementada, cuando se ajustó por el grado de cumplimiento de ejercicio, apego a la dieta y edad. Concluimos que la suplementación con Omega 3 es un coadyuvante eficaz en el manejo de la obesidad en mujeres premenopáusicas.

Evidence on the possible mechanisms for the use of Omega 3 fatty acids to mediate obesity requires clinical studies continue with specific methodologies. The aim was to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation on Body Mass Index (BMI), Wais - Hip Index (WHI) and body composition of obese women using bioelectrical impedance. Subjects 60 premenopausal obese women (BMI > 30Kg/m²) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group 1) placebo, vitamin E (200 IU), group 2) 1 g of omega and group 3) 2 g of omega-3. All of them received a low calorie diet and moderate exercise. Weight, BMI, WHI, and fat distribution were measured at the beginning and every month for three months. The results show us Omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced weight, BMI, and total fat mass, compared to the control group, a dose-response effect. These effects depended on the time and amount of Omega 3 supplemented, when the degree of compliance of exercise, adherence to the diet and age were controlled. In conclusion the supplementation with omega- 3 is an efficient method in the management of obesity in premenopausal women.

[Effect of Omega 3 fatty acids on body female obese composition]. / Efecto de la suplementación de omega 3 sobre IMC, ICC y composición corporal en mujeres obesas.

Evidence on the possible mechanisms for the use of Omega 3 fatty acids to mediate obesity requires clinical studies continue with specific methodologies. The aim was to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation on Body Mass Index (BMI), Wais - Hip Index (WHI) and body composition of obese women using bioelectrical impedance. Subjects 60 premenopausal obese women (BMI > 30Kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Group 1) placebo, vitamin E (200 IU), group 2) 1 g of omega and group 3) 2 g of omega-3. All of them received a low calorie diet and moderate exercise. Weight, BMI, WHI, and fat distribution were measured at the beginning and every month for three months. The results show us Omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced weight, BMI, and total fat mass, compared to the control group, a dose-response effect. These effects depended on the time and amount of Omega 3 supplemented, when the degree of compliance of exercise, adherence to the diet and age were controlled. In conclusion the supplementation with omega-3 is an efficient method in the management of obesity in premenopausal women.