Water quality and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in isolated of E. coli from water for human consumption in Bagua, under One Health approach.

The One Health approach acknowledges the interconnection between human health, animal health, and environmental health, recognizing that these domains are closely intertwined, as many diseases affecting humans are also common in animals. Water acts as a vehicle for the transmission of such diseases, highlighting the significance of monitoring the quality of water intended for human consumption. In 2022, a research study was conducted to evaluate the water quality for human consumption in Bagua, Amazonas Region. The physicochemical analysis indicated that most parameters were within normal range, except for residual chlorine, which was predominantly absent. Microbiological analysis revealed the presence of total coliforms and E. coli. Phenotypic characterization of E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to the several antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, gentamicin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. These findings indicate a compromised production of water for human consumption, as per the water quality regulations in Peru. The presence of fecal contamination poses a significant microbiological risk to consumers. These results underscore the breakdown of the human-environment-animal interface within the One Health approach, thereby endangering public health.

Determination of inorganic chemical parameters in drinking water in districts of the province of Puno in the region Puno-Peru.

The inorganic chemical parameters in drinking water that include heavy metals are substances that exist in nature very widespread, nevertheless toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, are very harmful to human health and to all forms of life, these toxic metals are silents contaminants. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the presence of inorganic chemical parameters in the drinking water from districts of the province of Puno. The results were compared based on the parametric test T-student and the non-parametric tests Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Finding the highest values (mg/L) in districts as Capachica Ba (0.8458) and Pb (0.5255), Mañazo Al (3.08) and Pb (0.0185), San Antonio de Esquilache Fe (0.49) and Pb (0.9513), Vilque As (0.0193) and Pb (15.34), and Pichacani As (0.0193) and Pb (0.0215), as it is observed the samples do not comply with the regulation of the quality of drinking water in Peru, making it unsuitable for human consumption.

Quality Control of Drinking Water in the City of Ilave, Region of Puno, Peru.

The region of Puno, in Peru, is described as a region with some health conditions that may be associated with the water quality, such as a high index of anemia or cases of acute diarrhea in children. This study aimed at monitoring the drinking water quality of the city of Ilave, in Peru, and determining possible correlations between physical-chemical and microbiological parameters, and the water distribution conditions, such as the period of water availability. Physical-chemical parameters (turbidity, residual chlorine, temperature, conductivity, and pH), microbiological parameters (presence of coliforms), and heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Ni, Fe, and Cu) were determined. All the parameters quantified were within the maximum permissible limits according to Peruvian regulations, except for residual chlorine, which was, for all the treated water samples, below the recommended value of 0.5 mg/L. Coliforms that should be absent from drinking water were detected in all the household samples. These results demonstrate the need for the inclusion of additional steps of re-chlorination along the distribution system to guarantee the maintenance of residual levels of chlorine that assure the microbiological quality of water. The quality of the drinking water was not observed to correlate with the period of water availability.

Experiencia de la gestión hospitalaria en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19

Introducción: La declaración de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en la pandemia de COVID-19, alertó a todos los países sobre la necesidad de un enfrentamiento eficaz. El estado cubano comenzó la preparación del país en enero de 2020 con el plan de enfrentamiento nacional que articulaba decisiones gubernamentales y estrategias integrales con la participación activa de toda la sociedad. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias acumuladas en la organización hospitalaria en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 para asegurar la asistencia médica. Resultados: Se describe el sistema de trabajo, las funciones de los integrantes del grupo de dirección, del grupo asesor y las secuencias de las actividades realizadas. Se exponen las principales medidas de bioseguridad adoptadas, la interrelación con las diferentes instituciones. Las tareas planteadas en la gestión, planificación y completamiento de los recursos humanos. Se logró una efectiva relación médico paciente, familia, por parte del personal que trabajó directamente con los pacientes. Se mantuvo la recepción de todas las opiniones de la población por parte del Departamento de Garantía de la Calidad, las cuales fueron canalizadas y respondidas oportunamente. Se cumplió con la privacidad y confidencialidad de la información. La solidaridad expresada por la presencia de médicos en las brigadas del contingente Henry Reeve. Conclusiones: La estructura organizativa del hospital permitió la funcionalidad en la prestación de la asistencia médica, minimizó los riesgos del personal a través del cumplimiento de las medidas individuales y colectivas de protección. La unidad y cohesión en el trabajo diario influyó en la toma de decisiones, resolución de problemas y cumplimiento de indicadores fundamentales.

Introduction: The World Health Organization's declaration on the COVID-19 pandemic alerted all countries about the need for an effective action plan. On January 2020 the Cuban government began the preparation of the country with the national action plan, which articulated government decisions and integral strategies with an active participation of the community as a whole. Objective: To describe accumulated experiences in the hospital organization, in order to ensure medical assistance on the fight against COVID-19. Results: The work system is described, as well as the roles of the steering group members and the advisory group members. The sequence of the activities carried out is also described. The biosecurity measures and the interrelation with other institutions are exposed. The tasks set in the management; planning and completion of human resources are described. An effective doctor-patient-family relationship was achieved by the staff who worked directly with the patients. The Quality Assurance Department continued to receive all the opinions of the population, which were channeled and responded to in a timely manner. The privacy and confidentiality of the information was complied with. The solidarity expressed by the presence of doctors in the brigades of the Henry Reeve contingent is highlighted. Conclusions: The organizational structure of the hospital allowed functionality in the provision of medical assistance and minimized the personnel's risks through compliance with individual and collective protection measures. Unity and cohesion in daily work influenced decision-making, problem solving and compliance with key indicators.

Prevalência e Fatores Associados à SRAG por COVID-19 em Adultos e Idosos com Doença Cardiovascular Crônica / Prevalence and Associated Factors of SARS by Covid-19 in Adults and Aged People with Chronic Cardiovascular Disease

Resumo Fundamento A presença de Doença Cardiovascular (DCV) em indivíduos infectados pela COVID-19 pode implicar em um pior prognóstico. Objetivo Descrever a prevalência da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) por COVID-19 e analisar os fatores associados a essa condição em adultos e idosos com doença cardiovascular no Brasil até a 30ª Semana Epidemiológica de 2020. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com dados do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe), referente às fichas de notificação de SRAG de indivíduos hospitalizados no Brasil, entre a 1a e 30a Semana Epidemiológica de 2020. Foram incluídos adultos e idosos (≥ 18 anos) com DCV. A variável dependente foi a confirmação de SRAG por COVID-19 e foram analisados fatores relacionados a características sociodemográficas, sinais e sintomas e fatores clínicos. Aplicou-se a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Foram analisadas as notificações de 116.343 indivíduos. Destes, 61,9% obtiveram diagnóstico de SRAG por COVID-19. A prevalência do desfecho foi 4% menor nas mulheres (IC95%: 0,94-0,99) e 18% menor em zonas rurais (IC95%: 0,77-0,87). Observou-se prevalência maior na faixa etária de 50 a 59 anos (IC95%: 1,09-1,48) e na região nordeste (IC95%: 1,72-1,91). Febre, tosse, internação em UTI, uso de suporte ventilatório e caso nosocomial também foram significativamente associados a uma maior probabilidade de SRAG por COVID-19 nesses indivíduos. Conclusão Há alta prevalência de SRAG por COVID-19 em adultos e idosos com DCV no Brasil. Associaram-se fatores relacionados a características sociodemográficas, clínicas, sinais e sintomas.

Abstract Background The presence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in individuals infected with COVID-19 may imply a worse prognosis. Objective To describe the prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by COVID-19 and to analyze the factors associated with this condition in adults and the elderly with cardiovascular disease in Brazil until the 30th Epidemiological Week of 2020. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe - SIVEP-Gripe), referring to the SARS notification forms of hospitalized individuals in Brazil, between the 1st and 30th Epidemiological Week of 2020. Adults and the aged (≥ 18 years old) with CVD. The dependent variable was SRAG confirmation by COVID-19 and factors related to sociodemographic characteristics, signs and symptoms, and clinical factors were analyzed. Poisson regression with robust variance was applied. The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results Notifications from 116,343 individuals were analyzed. Of these, 61.9% were diagnosed with SARS by COVID-19. The prevalence of the outcome was 4% lower in women (95%CI: 0.94-0.99) and 18% lower in rural areas (95%CI: 0.77-0.87). There was a higher prevalence in the 50 to 59 age group (95%CI: 1.09-1.48) and in the northeast region (95%CI: 1.72-1.91). Fever, cough, admission to the ICU, use of ventilatory support, and nosocomial cases were also significantly associated with a higher probability of SRAS by COVID-19 in these individuals. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of SARS by COVID-19 in adults and aged people with CVD in Brazil. Factors associated with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, signs, and symptoms were associated.

Effectiveness of early therapeutic intervention in phases one and two after COVID-19 infection: systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Although research in relation to new vaccines for the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), is ongoing, it has been reported that medical teams are also considering the use of antiviral drugs in patients in order to verify their effectiveness when infection signs and symptoms present, mainly in stages one and two of the disease. METHODS: For the selection of studies, the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used, and the databases Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and BIREME were searched. The search period for articles consisted of manuscripts published between January 2010 and July 2020 without language and localization restrictions. RESULTS: Initially, 20 articles were selected and then reduced to 19 after exclusion based on repetititve articles. Titles and abstracts were analyzed, and 14 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria and did not answer the guiding question. Studies show that patients receiving certain medications in the initial stages (one and two) indicate a reversal of complications during hospitalization or often do not require hospitalization in addition to being discharged in a shorter period of time. CONCLUSION: Studies have reported that effective drugs for treating COVID-19 exist. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of performing therapeutic interventions in the initial stages of infection aimed at reversing the disease and minimizing public health costs.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of SARS by Covid-19 in Adults and Aged People with Chronic Cardiovascular Disease. / Prevalência e Fatores Associados à SRAG por COVID-19 em Adultos e Idosos com Doença Cardiovascular Crônica.

BACKGROUND: The presence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in individuals infected with COVID-19 may imply a worse prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by COVID-19 and to analyze the factors associated with this condition in adults and the elderly with cardiovascular disease in Brazil until the 30th Epidemiological Week of 2020. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe - SIVEP-Gripe), referring to the SARS notification forms of hospitalized individuals in Brazil, between the 1st and 30th Epidemiological Week of 2020. Adults and the aged (≥ 18 years old) with CVD. The dependent variable was SRAG confirmation by COVID-19 and factors related to sociodemographic characteristics, signs and symptoms, and clinical factors were analyzed. Poisson regression with robust variance was applied. The level of significance adopted was 5%. RESULTS: Notifications from 116,343 individuals were analyzed. Of these, 61.9% were diagnosed with SARS by COVID-19. The prevalence of the outcome was 4% lower in women (95%CI: 0.94-0.99) and 18% lower in rural areas (95%CI: 0.77-0.87). There was a higher prevalence in the 50 to 59 age group (95%CI: 1.09-1.48) and in the northeast region (95%CI: 1.72-1.91). Fever, cough, admission to the ICU, use of ventilatory support, and nosocomial cases were also significantly associated with a higher probability of SRAS by COVID-19 in these individuals. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of SARS by COVID-19 in adults and aged people with CVD in Brazil. Factors associated with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, signs, and symptoms were associated.

FUNDAMENTO: A presença de Doença Cardiovascular (DCV) em indivíduos infectados pela COVID-19 pode implicar em um pior prognóstico. OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) por COVID-19 e analisar os fatores associados a essa condição em adultos e idosos com doença cardiovascular no Brasil até a 30ª Semana Epidemiológica de 2020. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com dados do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe), referente às fichas de notificação de SRAG de indivíduos hospitalizados no Brasil, entre a 1a e 30a Semana Epidemiológica de 2020. Foram incluídos adultos e idosos (≥ 18 anos) com DCV. A variável dependente foi a confirmação de SRAG por COVID-19 e foram analisados fatores relacionados a características sociodemográficas, sinais e sintomas e fatores clínicos. Aplicou-se a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas as notificações de 116.343 indivíduos. Destes, 61,9% obtiveram diagnóstico de SRAG por COVID-19. A prevalência do desfecho foi 4% menor nas mulheres (IC95%: 0,94­0,99) e 18% menor em zonas rurais (IC95%: 0,77­0,87). Observou-se prevalência maior na faixa etária de 50 a 59 anos (IC95%: 1,09­1,48) e na região nordeste (IC95%: 1,72­1,91). Febre, tosse, internação em UTI, uso de suporte ventilatório e caso nosocomial também foram significativamente associados a uma maior probabilidade de SRAG por COVID-19 nesses indivíduos. CONCLUSÃO: Há alta prevalência de SRAG por COVID-19 em adultos e idosos com DCV no Brasil. Associaram-se fatores relacionados a características sociodemográficas, clínicas, sinais e sintomas.

Impact of super-spreaders on COVID-19: systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Spreader and super-spreader are terms that refer to people who have greater potential for disease transmission, to infect other people. OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 spreaders. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of the literature (using the PRISMA framework), performed at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis (SC), Brazil. METHODS: A search for articles was carried out in the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Bireme and Web of Science databases. A search for gray literature was also conducted via Google Scholar. There was no restriction regarding place or language, and the search covered the period from January 2010 to August 2020. Studies were selected based on a combination of descriptors from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). RESULTS: Isolated cases of people diagnosed with COVID-19 who were classified as super-spreaders were found. They had been classified thus because they may have had greater potential for infecting other individuals. However, greater numbers of interventions are needed in order to identify and manage COVID-19 cases. There is little evidence regarding this detection, which further hinders recognition and understanding of super-spreading events. CONCLUSION: The scientific community needs greater depth of evaluation and understanding of how these patients physiologically develop the ability to propagate COVID-19 more intensely. A simpler way of tracking them is also necessary, given that many infected people are asymptomatic. Many patients also have mild symptoms, suggesting that these individuals could also be classified as possible COVID-19 spreaders.PROSPERO Number: ID 217874 (submitted for publication and is being assessed by the editorial team).

Effectiveness of early therapeutic intervention in phases one and two after COVID-19 infection: systematic review

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: Although research in relation to new vaccines for the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), is ongoing, it has been reported that medical teams are also considering the use of antiviral drugs in patients in order to verify their effectiveness when infection signs and symptoms present, mainly in stages one and two of the disease. METHODS: For the selection of studies, the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used, and the databases Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and BIREME were searched. The search period for articles consisted of manuscripts published between January 2010 and July 2020 without language and localization restrictions. RESULTS: Initially, 20 articles were selected and then reduced to 19 after exclusion based on repetititve articles. Titles and abstracts were analyzed, and 14 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria and did not answer the guiding question. Studies show that patients receiving certain medications in the initial stages (one and two) indicate a reversal of complications during hospitalization or often do not require hospitalization in addition to being discharged in a shorter period of time. CONCLUSION: Studies have reported that effective drugs for treating COVID-19 exist. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of performing therapeutic interventions in the initial stages of infection aimed at reversing the disease and minimizing public health costs.

Smell and taste alterations in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence based on a systematic review of the literature (PRISMA) to systematize information on smell and taste alterations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS: The studies were selected through combinations based on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, and BIREME databases were used. The search encompassed articles published from January 2010 to May 2020, with no restriction of language or localization. RESULTS: A total of 665 retrieved articles had the potential for inclusion. Of these, two answered the research question, which was to verify the smell and taste alterations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The results found in this review demonstrated that there likely is an association between self-reported smell and taste dysfunctions and COVID-19 infection in such patients.

Smell and taste alterations in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence based on a systematic review of the literature (PRISMA) to systematize information on smell and taste alterations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS: The studies were selected through combinations based on the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, and BIREME databases were used. The search encompassed articles published from January 2010 to May 2020, with no restriction of language or localization. RESULTS: A total of 665 retrieved articles had the potential for inclusion. Of these, two answered the research question, which was to verify the smell and taste alterations in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The results found in this review demonstrated that there likely is an association between self-reported smell and taste dysfunctions and COVID-19 infection in such patients.

Kawasaki and COVID-19 disease in children: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence based on a systematic literature review (PRISMA) evaluating the association of Kawasaki Disease (DK) and COVID-19 in children. METHODS: For the selection of studies, a combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used. The Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, COCHRANE, and BIREME databases were used. The search period for the articles comprised the last 10 years (2010 to 2020). RESULTS: 840 articles with potential for inclusion were retrieved, one of which met the inclusion criteria and the guiding question that consisted of evaluating the association of Kawasaki disease and COVID-19 in children. CONCLUSION: A significant increase in the incidence of Kawasaki-type diseases after the onset of the epidemic has been reported, suggesting an association between the COVID-19 epidemic and the high incidence of a severe form of KD. However, further studies are needed to conduct an investigation of the association between these two diseases.

Carga económica de la enfermedad neumocócica en niños de edad preescolar en el Policlínico Docente Playa / Economic burden of pneumococcal disease in pre-school age children from Playa Teaching Policlinic

Introducción: El cálculo de la carga económica de las enfermedades neumocócicas en niños de edad preescolar en el nivel primario de salud en Cuba contribuye a visualizar la necesidad de buscar vías para prevenir su padecimiento. Objetivo: Estimar la carga económica de la enfermedad neumocócica en niños de edad preescolar en el Policlínico Docente de Playa en el 2016. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Para estimar la carga económica se aplicó el enfoque del costo de la enfermedad sobre la base de la incidencia, desde la perspectiva institucional. Para calcular el costo de atención por paciente se empleó el método de costeo paciente tipo. Resultados: La otitis media aguda fue la enfermedad de mayor incidencia, con el 49 por ciento de los casos seguida por la neumonía con el 47 por ciento. El costo esperado de la enfermedad fue entre 47,97 CUP y 103,38 CUP para la otitis media aguda, de entre 83,99 CUP y 194,94 CUP para la neumonía y entre 105,69 CUP y 189,97 CUP para la meningitis y la sepsis. Dentro de los procesos, las visitas al hogar presentaron el mayor gasto y dentro de las partidas, el salario. La enfermedad neumocócica representó una carga económica de 8849,15 CUP para el área de salud estudiada. Conclusiones: La enfermedad neumocócica en niños no presenta alto nivel de incidencia en el área del Policlínico Docente de Playa, pero representa una carga económica para los servicios de salud en el primer nivel de atención. Estos costos son susceptibles a disminuir con la introducción de la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada(AU)

Introduction: Calculation of the economic burden caused by pneumococcal diseases in pre-school age children in the primary health care of Cuba contributes to visualize the need for finding ways to prevent them. Objective: To estimate the economic burden caused by the pneumococcal disease in pre-school age children from Playa Teaching Policlinic during 2016. Methods: It was conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study. For estimating the economic burden, it was used the approach of cost of the disease based on the incidence and from the institutional perspective. For calculating the cost of the care per patient, it was used the method of cost-patient-type. Results: Acute otitis media was the disease with higher incidence with 49 percent of the cases, followed by pneumonia with 47 percent . The expected cost by diseases was among 47,97 CUP (Cuban peso) and 103,38 CUP for acute otitis media; among 83,99 CUP and 194,94 CUP for pneumonia; and among 105,69 CUP and 189,97 CUP for meningitis and sepsis. Within the processes, home visits showed the higher expense, and among the entries, it was the salary. Pneumococcal disease represented an economic burden of 8849,15 CUP for the studied health area. Conclusions: Pneumococcal disease in children does not represent a high level of incidence in the area of Playa Teaching Policlinic, but it represents an economic burden for health services in the primary care level. These costs are likely to decrease with the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(AU)

Impacto do exercício físico no transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão sistemática / Effectiveness of physical exercise in invasive development disorders in autism: a systematic review

Introdução: o transtorno do espectro autista, por vezes denominado como transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento, apresenta características clínicas centrais que incluem déficits qualitativos na interação social e na comunicação, padrões de comportamento repetitivos e estereotipados e um repertório limitado de interesses e atividades. Esse transtorno geralmente está associado ao transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação. Objetivo: verificar evidências científicas do impacto do exercício físico no tratamento do indivíduo portador do transtorno do espectro autista, inclusive quanto à coordenação motora e desenvolvimento cognitivo. Métodos: foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados pubmed, lilacs, scielo e pedro sem restrição de idiomas ou localização e tempo até maio de 2019. A pesquisa foi realizada na base de dados com descritores selecionados a partir do dicionário descritores em ciências da saúde (decs) medical subject heading terms (mesh)[(autistic disorder) and (asperger syndrome) and (exercise) and (cognition)], tendo como critério de inclusão o fato de tratarem-se de estudos com o uso de exercício físico. Foi verificada a qualidade metodológica dos artigos incluídos através do protocolo modificado de pithon. Resultados: foram identificados 655 artigos, dos quais soment e 7 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Cada um dos estudos retratou abordagens distintas dos exercícios físicos, sendo aeróbios, de força, aquáticos, ou com uso de tecnologias. A quantidade e duração das sessões dos exercícios variaram de estudo para estudo. Conclusão: os programas de exercícios físicos trazem benefícios em diversos aspectos dos pacientes. Os programas de exercícios no meio aquático aparentemente se mostraram os mais eficazes. Abre-se, assim, uma lacuna na literatura para novos estudos que busquem explicações para esses resultados...(AU)

Introduction: autism spectrum disorder, sometimes referred to as invasive dev elop mental disorders, has central clinical characteristics that include qualitative deficits in so cial in teraction and communication, repetitive and stereotyped behavior patterns and a limited reperto ire of in terest s and activities. This disorder is usually associated with developmental coordination diso rder. Objective: to verify scientific evidence of the impact of physical exercise on the treatment of individuals wit h autism spectrum disorder, including motor coordination and cognitive development. Metho ds: s earches were carried out in the pubmed, lilacs, scielo and pedro databases without restriction of languages o r lo cation and time until may 2019. The research was carried out in the database with descriptors selected fro m the health sciences descriptors dictionary ( decs) medical subject heading terms (mesh) [(autistic disorder) and (asperger syndrome) and (exercise) and (cognition)], having as inclusion criteria the fact that t hey are studies with the use of physical exercise. The methodological quality of the articles included was verified through the modified pithon protocol. Results: 655 articles were identified, o f wh ich o nly 7 m et t he established inclusion criteria. Each of the studies portrayed different approaches to phy sical ex ercises, being aerobic, strength, aquatic, or using technologies. The number and duration o f ex ercise sessio ns varied from study to study. Conclusion: physical exercise programs have benefits in sev eral asp ects o f patients. The exercise programs in the aquatic environment hav e ap paren tly p roved t o be t h e m ost effective. Thus, a gap in the literature opens up for new studies that seek explanations for these results...(AU)

Kawasaki and COVID-19 disease in children: a systematic review

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To present scientific evidence based on a systematic literature review (PRISMA) evaluating the association of Kawasaki Disease (DK) and COVID-19 in children. METHODS For the selection of studies, a combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH) was used. The Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, COCHRANE, and BIREME databases were used. The search period for the articles comprised the last 10 years (2010 to 2020). RESULTS 840 articles with potential for inclusion were retrieved, one of which met the inclusion criteria and the guiding question that consisted of evaluating the association of Kawasaki disease and COVID-19 in children. CONCLUSION A significant increase in the incidence of Kawasaki-type diseases after the onset of the epidemic has been reported, suggesting an association between the COVID-19 epidemic and the high incidence of a severe form of KD. However, further studies are needed to conduct an investigation of the association between these two diseases.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Apresentar evidências científicas com base em revisão sistemática da literatura (Prisma) avaliando a associação da Doença de Kawasaki (DK) e COVID-19 em crianças. MÉTODOS Para a seleção dos estudos foi utilizada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH). Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline (PubMed), Lilacs, SciELO, Cochrane e Bireme.O período de busca dos artigos compreendeu os últimos dez anos (2010 a 2020). RESULTADOS Foram recuperados 840 artigos com potencial de inclusão, sendo que um respondeu aos critérios de inclusão e à pergunta norteadora que consistiu em avaliar a associação da Doença de Kawasaki e COVID-19 em crianças. CONCLUSÃO Um aumento significativo na incidência de doenças do tipo Kawasaki após o início da epidemia já foi relatado, sugerindo a associação entre a epidemia de COVID-19 e a elevada incidência de uma forma grave da DK. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para conduzir a investigação da associação entre essas duas doenças.

Respostas hemodinâmicas do método Pilates em hipertensos: uma revisão sistemática / Hemodynamic responses of the Pilates method in hypertensens: a systematic review

O objetivo do presente estudo foi levantar, na literatura atual, estudos relevantes que identifiquem as possíveis respostas hemodinâmicas encontradas em indivíduos hipertensos praticantes do Método Pilates. A revisão sistemática conduzida conforme as recomendações PRISMA em cinco bases de dados eletrônicas (PEDro, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Cochrane), disponibilizado desde o início das bases até Março de 2019, com descritores MESH conforme segue: [("Adult" OR "Young adult" OR "Middle Aged" OR "Aged" OR "Elderly") AND ("exercise movement techniques" OR "Pilates-Based Exercises" OR "Pilates Training") AND ("Hemodynamics" OR "Heart Rate" OR "Cardiac Chronotropy" OR "Heart Rate Control" OR "hypertension" OR "Blood Pressure" OR "High Blood Pressure" OR "Systolic Pressure" OR "Diastolic Pressure" OR "High Blood Pressure" OR "Pulse Rate Determination")], posteriormente ajustado para as demais bases. Busca complementar manual nas referências dos artigos incluídos na pesquisa e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos de intervenção, com idade maior ou igual a 18 anos; diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS); submetidos a exercícios de pilates solo e/ou pilates aparelhos como método de intervenção e incluído a descrição de análise das variáveis hemodinâmicas de pressão arterial (PA), frequência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP). Após processo de seleção foi selecionado apenas um único estudo que tenha contemplado todos os critérios de elegibilidade, totalizando 44 indivíduos do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 50,5 anos (±6,3 anos), hipertensas com utilização de medicação, onde 22 foram submetidas ao pilates solo e 22 permaneceram no grupo controle. O estudo apresentou resultados positivos na frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA) e no duplo-produto (DP) em comparação ao grupo controle. Apesar do número limitado de manuscritos encontrados nesta revisão, os resultados das variáveis hemodinâmicas nos levam a considerar plausível a utilização do Mat pilates em pacientes com HAS. Entretanto, novos estudos devem ser realizados para a confirmação dos achados...(AU)

The aim this study was to raise in the current literature relevant studies that identify the possible hemodynamic responses found in hypertensive individuals practicing the Pilates Method. The systematic review conducted according to PRISMA recommendations in five electronic databases (PEDro, PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and Cochrane), available from the beginning of the databases until March 2019, with MESH descriptors as follows: [("Adult "OR" Young adult "OR" Middle Aged "OR" Aged "OR" Elderly ") AND (" Exercise Movement Techniques "OR" Pilates-Based Exercises "OR" Pilates Training ") AND (" Hemodynamics "OR" Heart Rate " OR "Cardiac Chronotropy" OR "Heart Rate Control" OR "Hypertension" OR "Blood Pressure" OR "High Blood Pressure" OR "Systolic Pressure" OR "Diastolic Pressure" OR "High Blood Pressure" OR "Pulse Rate Determination")] , later adjusted to the other bases. Manual complementary search in the references of the articles included in the search and Google Scholar. Intervention studies, 18 years of age or older were included; diagnosis of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH); submitted to solo pilates exercises and / or pilates apparatus as intervention method and included the description of analysis of hemodynamic variables of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and double product (SD). After the selection process, only one study was selected that met all the eligibility criteria, totaling 44 female individuals, with a mean age of 50.5 years (± 6.3 years), hypertensive with medication use, where 22 were submitted to solo pilates and 22 remained in the control group. The study showed positive results in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and double product (SD) compared to the control group. Despite the limited number of manuscripts found in this review, the results of hemodynamic variables lead us to consider the use of Mat pilates in patients with hypertension to be plausible. However, further studies should be performed to confirm the findings...(AU)

Physical Exercise in the Management of Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent problem that affects the quality of life, prognosis and survival of patients with heart failure (HF). In the management of ED, physical exercise is a therapeutic strategy that reduces disease-related symptoms and optimizes drug use. However, the repercussions of physical exercise on ED in individuals with HF still need to be elucidated. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on erectile function (EF) in HF patients. This was a systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Patients with HF, male and ejection fraction ≤ 45% were submitted to physical exercise of different modalities. The search for scientific articles was conducted in the electronic databases (PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane-Library, Science Direct) from the inception until October 2018, according to the MeSH dictionary descriptors, which were suitable for all databases. Results: Three studies were analyzed, includinng 99 male subjects, age ranging from 53 years (± 7.48) to 58 years (± 12). Seventy subjects were submitted to a physical exercise program and 29 were in the control group. In all studies, physical exercise showed positive results in the management of ED regardless of erectile dysfunction (ED) classification status and intensity of exercise used. It was concluded that physical exercise of different intensities was considered an effective therapeutic intervention to improve EF in individuals with HF and ED

Influence of exercise on oxidative stress in patients with heart failure.

Reactive oxygen species play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). In contrast, regular physical exercise can promote adaptations to reactive oxygen species that are beneficial for patients with HF. We completed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials that evaluate the influence of exercise on oxidative stress in patients with HF. Articles were searched in the PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and LILACS databases. The search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. We selected 12 studies with a total of 353 participants. The included patients had a left ventricle ejection fraction of < 52% and New York Heart Association functional class II or III disease. A significant increase was observed in peak oxygen consumption (between 10 and 46%) in the group that underwent training (TG). There was an improvement in the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles in the TG, related to the positive activity of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (between 27 and 41%). An increase in the expression of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (41%), catalase (between 14 and 42%), and superoxide dismutase (74.5%), and a decrease in lipid peroxidation (between 28.8 and 58.5%) were observed in the TG. Physical training positively influenced the cardiorespiratory capacity and enhanced the benefits of oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers in patients with HF. High-intensity training promoted a 15% increase in the plasma total antioxidant capacity, whereas moderate training had no effect.

Critérios de segurança para iniciar a mobilização precoce em unidades de terapia intensiva. Revisão sistemática / Safety criteria to start early mobilization in intensive care units. Systematic review

RESUMO Pacientes críticos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva devem ser mobilizados com base em critérios de segurança. O objetivo desta revisão foi verificar os critérios de segurança mais utilizados para iniciar a mobilização precoce em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Os artigos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados PubMed, PEDro, LILACS, Cochrane e CINAHL, tendo sido incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados e controlados, ensaios clínicos quase randomizados, coortes, estudos comparativos com ou sem controles simultâneos, séries de casos com dez ou mais casos consecutivos, e estudos descritivos. O mesmo foi feito para estudos prospectivos, retrospectivos e transversais, nos quais, em sua metodologia, deveria constar a descrição dos critérios de segurança utilizados para iniciar a mobilização precoce. Dois revisores selecionaram, independentemente, estudos em potencial, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão, extraíram os dados e avaliaram a qualidade metodológica. Na análise dos dados, foi utilizada descrição narrativa para resumir as características e os resultados dos estudos obtidos, sendo os critérios de segurança categorizados nos seguintes subgrupos: cardiovasculares, respiratórios, neurológicos, ortopédicos e outros. Obtivemos 37 estudos elegíveis. O critério de segurança cardiovascular apresentou o maior número de variáveis identificadas. No entanto, o critério de segurança respiratório apresentou maior concordância. Houve maior divergência entre os autores em relação aos critérios neurológicos. Faz-se necessário reforçar o reconhecimento dos critérios de segurança utilizados para segurança da mobilização precoce do paciente crítico, ao mesmo tempo em que os parâmetros e as variáveis encontradas poderão auxiliar na incorporação à rotina dos serviços, com a intenção de iniciar, progredir e guiar a prática clínica.

ABSTRACT Mobilization of critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units should be performed based on safety criteria. The aim of the present review was to establish which safety criteria are most often used to start early mobilization for patients under mechanical ventilation admitted to intensive care units. Articles were searched in the PubMed, PEDro, LILACS, Cochrane and CINAHL databases; randomized and quasi-randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, comparative studies with or without simultaneous controls, case series with 10 or more consecutive cases and descriptive studies were included. The same was performed regarding prospective, retrospective or cross-sectional studies where safety criteria to start early mobilization should be described in the Methods section. Two reviewers independently selected potentially eligible studies according to the established inclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the studies' methodological quality. Narrative description was employed in data analysis to summarize the characteristics and results of the included studies; safety criteria were categorized as follows: cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, orthopedic and other. A total of 37 articles were considered eligible. Cardiovascular safety criteria exhibited the largest number of variables. However, respiratory safety criteria exhibited higher concordance among studies. There was greater divergence among the authors regarding neurological criteria. There is a need to reinforce the recognition of the safety criteria used to start early mobilization for critically ill patients; the parameters and variables found might contribute to inclusion into service routines so as to start, make progress and guide clinical practice.

Fallas humanas y accidentes de trabajo: una contribución de las investigaciones en prevención, control de los riesgos y accidentes / Human errors and accidents at work: contribution of accident investigations in the prevention and control of risks

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de contribuir en el control de accidentes de trabajo, esta investigación busca analizar si el estudio de los errores humanos en investigaciones de accidentes contribuye en las acciones para el control y reducción de accidentes de trabajo en una planta de sacrificios. El método de análisis utilizado fue la evaluación de los tipos de erro res humanos a través de una secuencia de preguntas donde hay siempre dos opciones de respuestas -sí o no- y conforme el trazado de las respuestas se crea un algoritmo que permite la detección del error. Los mayores porcentajes de errores fueron evidenciados en dos gru pos, órdenes de los supervisores y procedimientos inadecuados. Al contrario al resultado encontrado en el estudio, las acciones de segu ridad del trabajo están enfocadas en condiciones que no contribuyen en la prevención y control de los riesgos. Se puede concluir que la herramienta de análisis de riesgos utilizada por la empresa, además de despreciar el análisis de los errores huma nos, no soluciona de forma adecuada las causas ni las acciones levantadas en la investigación del accidente.

ABSTRACT In order to contribute to the control of industrial accidents this research seeks to analyze the study of human error in accident inves tigations contributes in actions for the control and reduction of accidents in a poultry slaughterhouse. The method of analysis was used to assess the types of human errors through a series of questions in which there are always two choices of answers, with a yes or no and as the way of answers creates an algorithm for error detection. The largest percentages of errors were found in two groups, the supervisor order and inadequate procedures. Contrary to the results found in the study, the work safety actions are focused on conditions that do not contribute to the prevention and control of risks. It can be concluded that the risk analysis tool used by the company in addition to neglecting the analysis of human error, does not address properly the causes and actions raised in the investigation of the accident.