Cascades of Risk Linking Intimate Partner Violence and Adverse Childhood Experiences to Less Sensitive Caregiving During Infancy.

This study evaluated if maternal intimate partner violence (IPV) had indirect effects on sensitive parenting in infancy through prenatal depressive symptoms and postpartum parenting stress and if maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) moderated these indirect effects. We hypothesized that: (a) IPV would be associated with greater prenatal depressive symptoms, which would predict greater postpartum parenting stress, and ultimately less sensitive parenting and (b) the link between IPV and depressive symptoms would be strongest for mothers with high ACEs. Participants included 295 mothers and their infants who were assessed prenatally and at 12 months postpartum. Path analyses indicated that mothers with higher IPV endorsed greater prenatal depressive symptoms, which was in turn associated with postpartum parenting stress, and ultimately less sensitive parenting behavior. Moderation analyses revealed that these indirect effects varied as a function of maternal ACEs, with the link between IPV and depressive symptoms only present for mothers who reported high ACEs. Because less sensitive caregiving is often an early indicator of child maltreatment risk, understanding precursors to sensitivity is critical to increase precision in parenting interventions designed to reduce risk for maltreatment. Results may inform evidence-based preventive interventions for mothers and infants at high-risk for child abuse and neglect.

Estudio preliminar de incidencia de hemoglobinopatías, en neonatos tamizados en el Hospital del Niño de Panamá. Agosto-diciembre 2009

Objetivo : Determinar la incidencia de hemoglobinopatías en recién nacidos tamizados en el Hospital del Niño de Panamá de agosto a diciembre 2009. Material y métodos : Realizamos evaluación retrospectiva de los resultados de la prueba de tamiz neonatal 8,620 de sexo masculino y femenino, que fueron tamizados para detección de hemoglobinopatías entre agosto y diciembre de 2009. Resultados: Se revisó en la base de datos del Programa de tamizaje Neonatal del Hospital del Niño, toda la información demográfica y los resultados de tamizaje neonatal para hemoglobinopatías; encontrando en 8,620 recién nacidos tamizados, 4,396 (51%) varones y 4,224 (49%) niñas. Se detectaron 591 (6.8%) hemoglobinopatías anormales con la siguiente distribución : 7 recién nacidos con HbFS (0.08%), 4 Hb FSC (0.05%) , 470 Hb FAS (5,4%), 89 con Hb C (1%), 19 con Hb FAB (0.1%), 1 con Hb FAD, y 1 con HbF. Conclusión: No podemos extrapolar los resultados obtenidos en este estudio preliminar de incidencia de hemoglobinopatías a la incidencia real de nuestra población , porque el porcentaje de cobertura es pequeño y además no contempla recién nacidos de tres regiones de salud con mayor población africana. Sin embargo, si consideramos que los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación son indicativos de que las hemoglobinopatías anormales todavía constituyen un problema de salud pública en Panamá.

Objective: To determine the incidence of hemoglobinopathies in newborns screened at the Hospital del Niño of Panama from August to December 2009. Material and methods: We retrospectively evaluate of the results of neonatal test newborns 8,620 male and female, who were screened for detection of hemoglobinopathies between August and December 2009. Results: We reviewed the database of Neonatal Screening Program at Hospital del Niño, finding in 8,620 screened newborns , 4,396 (51%) were males and 4,224 (49%) girls. Detected 591 (6.8%) abnormal hemoglobins with the following distribution: 7 newborns with HbFS (0.08%), 4 Hb FSC (0.05%), 470 Hb FAS (5.4%), 89 with Hb C , 19 with Hb FAB (0.1%), 1 with Hb FAD, and 1 with HbF. Conclusion: We can´t extrapolate results from this preliminary study to real incidence in our population, mainly because the coverage percentage is small and not include the newborns of these three health regions with significant African ascendance.However, if we take in account results from this research indicate that abnormal hemoglobinopathies still area a public health trouble in Panama.