Intracardiac echography-guided fluoroless ablation versus conventional fluoroscopy-guided ablation for cardiac arrhythmias: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has improved catheter ablation procedures, reducing reliance on fluoroscopy. Yet, the efficacy and safety of zero-fluoroscopy (ZF) procedures remain uncertain. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing ZF ablation procedures guided by ICE vs. conventional techniques regarding efficacy and safety outcomes. PubMed, Cochrane, and embase were searched. A random-effects model was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs), odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: We includedfourteen studies with 1,919 patients of whom 1,023 (58.72%) performed ZF ablation using ICE. We found a significant reduced ablation time (SMD -0.18; 95% CI -0.31;-0.04; p=0.009), procedure time (MD -7.54; 95% CI -14.68;-0.41; p=0.04), fluoroscopic time (MD -2.52; 95% CI -3.20;-1.84; p<0.001) in patients treated with ZF approach compared with NZF approach. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in acute success rate (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99-1.01; p=0.85), long-term success rate (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.93-1.05; p=0.77) and complications (RR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.48-1.46; p = 0.54). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that among patients undergoing arrhythmia ablation, fluoroscopy-free ICE-guided technique reduces procedure time and radiation exposure with comparable short and long-term success rates and complications.

Complete versus culprit-only revascularization for older adults with acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis and systematic review

BACKGROUND: Randomized studies support complete over culprit-only revascularization for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) However,whether these findings extend to elderly patients has not been thoroughly explored. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing clinical outcomes of elderly individuals (defined as age > 75 years) with ACS and multivessel coronary artery disease submitted to complete vs. culprit-only percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched. We computed pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to preserve time-to-event data RESULTS: We included 7 studies, of which 2 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comprising 7,409 patients, of whom 3225 (43.5%) underwent complete revascularization. As compared with culprit lesion only PCI, complete revascularization was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.68-0.85; p<0.001), cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.54-0.82; p<0.001), and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.50-0.85; p=0.002). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the risk of recurrent revascularizations (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.54-1.16; p=0.23). CONCLUSION: Among elderly patients with ACS and multivessel CAD, complete revascularization is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and recurrent MI.

Cardioneuroablation for reflex syncope: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Reflex syncope reduces quality of life and leads to fall-related injuries, with no highly effective treatment. In this context, cardioneuroablation (CNA) presents as a promising therapy for these patients. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central for studies that evaluated safety and efficacy outcomes related to CNA procedures. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction and assessment of bias. Generalized linear mixed models was used. We performed a single-arm meta-analysis using R version 4.2.3. RESULTS: A total of 25 studies comprising 871 patients were included. The mean follow-up ranged from 8 to 40 months. Mean age ranged from 32.9 to 53.9 years and 541 (62.1%) were female. The ablation target was biatrial in 302 patients (34%), left atrium only in 433 (49%), and right atrium only in 136 (15%). The freedom from syncope was 94% (95% confidence interval (CI) 90.13-97.00; P<0.01). Left and right atrial CNA was associated with a significant higher freedom from syncope (96.03%; 95% CI 93.13-97.73) than left atrial ablation only (94.61%; 95% CI 82.88-98.45) and right ablation only (84.53%; 95% CI 74.30-91.18). Peri-procedural adverse event occurred on 1.4% (95% CI 0.44- 4.50). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that in patients with reflex syncope, CNA is a procedure associated with a significant reduction in syncope incidence and with low complication rates. Among the procedures used, both right and left ablation were more effective.

Cardiac myosin inhibitors in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND: Selective cardiac myosin inhibitors (CMI) are promising therapies for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Yet, the extent of their benefits remains unclear due to the limited population studied. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CMI vs. placebo in patients with obstructive HCM. PubMed, Cochrane, and embase were searched. We calculated risk ratios (RRs), mean differences (MDs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Four RCTs with 485 patients with obstructive HCM were included, of whom 261 (53.8%) were prescribed CMI (10.7% were aficamten and 89.3% were mavacamten). CMI significantly reduced resting left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient (SMD -1.4, 95% CI -1.6,-1.2, p<0.001), but also reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (MD -5.1%, 95% CI -7.6,-2.6, p<0,001). Patients receiving CMI had a higher rate of study-defined complete hemodynamic response (RR 16.8, CI 95% 5.5, 51.4, p<0,001; Figure 1A) with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 8; and improvement of at least one point in NYHA functional class (RR 2.29, CI 95% 1.8,2.9, p<0,001; Figure 1B). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of RCTs including patients with obstructive HCM, CMI led to a significant reduction in LVOT gradient and symptomatic improvement. The NNT to achieve one complete hemodynamic response was 8. There was a significant, albeit modest, decrease in LVEF in the CMI group.

Effects of anabolic androgenic steroids in athletes on left ventricle systolic and diastolic function: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) among athletes has been linked to pathological structural and functional cardiac changes. However, the studies are small, and the results are inconsistent. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of echocardiographic outcomes comparing athletes with prolonged use of AAS (at least 2 years of use) versus sex and age- matched athletes who were did not use AAS. PubMed, Cochrane, and embase were searched. A random-effects model was used to calculate mean differences (MDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1. RESULTS: We included 17 studies comprising 1,023 athletes, of whom 543 (53%) were AAS users. The mean age ranged to 24.2 to 43 years. Compared with non-AAS users, athletes who used AAS exhibited a significant increase in interventricular septal wall thickness (MD 1.33 mm; 95% CI [0.8,1.89], p<0.001), a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (MD 2.77 %; 95% CI [-4.2,-1.34], p<0.001;Figure 1B) , and worsening of global longitudinal strain (MD 3.39%; 95% CI [2.88,3.91], p<0.001;Figure 1B). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the E/A ratio (MD -0.21; 95% CI [-0.35,-0.07], p=0.003) and an increase in the E/e' ratio (MD 1.71; 95% CI [0.96,2.46], p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that prolonged use of AAS in athletes is associated with increased left ventricular wall thickness and worsening of systolic and diastolic parameters.

Long-term outcomes of second-generation drug-eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass graft: a sistematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: Long-term data is limited on the comparative outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with second-generation drug-eluting stents (S-DES) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Hypothesis: Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with left main or multivessel CAD who underwent PCI with an S-DES versus CABG with a minimum mean follow-up period of 3 years. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for studies that examined our clinical question. Three reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1. We calculated pooled hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) under a random effects model. The data from observational studies were extracted and pooled as multivariable-adjusted HR or propensity score matching to minimize confounding. RESULTS: We included 10 studies, 2 of which were randomized controlled trials (RCT), with a total of 25,866 patients, of whom 11,482 (44.3%) underwent PCI. The mean follow-up ranged from 3.0 to 11.8 years. S-DES had a significantly higher risk than CABG for all-cause mortality (HR 1.36; 95% CI 1.10-1.68; p=0.005) and myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 1.89; 95% CI 1.12-3.18; p=0.02). No significant difference between the groups was found for major cardiovascular events (HR 1.10; 95% CI 0.98-1.23; p=0.11) and stroke (HR 0.83; CI: 0.60-1.15; p=0.27). In a subgroup analysis of RCTs, there was no significant difference between patients who underwent S-DES or CABG. CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis of RCTs and multivariable or propensity-matched observational studies, our findings suggest that PCI with S-DES is associated with an increased risk of mortality and MI events compared with CABG in patients with left main or multivessel CAD.